1
40
2
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
106-123
Issue
1
Volume
235
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Ontogenetic allometry and architectural properties of the paravertebral and hindlimb musculature in Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus): functional implications for developmental changes in locomotor performance
Publisher
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Journal of Anatomy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
acceleration; force; muscle mass; ontogeny; physiological cross-sectional area; power; scaling
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Butcher M T; Rose J A; Glenn Z D; Tatomirovich N M; Russo G A; Foster A D; Smith G A; Young J W
Description
An account of the resource
Due to small body size, an immature musculoskeletal system, and other growth-related limits on performance, juvenile mammals frequently experience a greater risk of predation than their adult counterparts. As a result, behaviorally precocious juveniles are hypothesized to exhibit musculoskeletal advantages that permit them to accelerate rapidly and evade predation. This hypothesis was tested through detailed quantitative evaluation of muscle growth in wild Eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). Cottontail rabbits experience high rates of mortality during the first year of life, suggesting that selection might act to improve performance in growing juveniles. Therefore, it was predicted that muscle properties associated with force and power capacity should be enhanced in juvenile rabbits to facilitate enhanced locomotor performance. We quantified muscle architecture from 24 paravertebral and hindlimb muscles across ontogeny in a sample of n = 29 rabbits and evaluated the body mass scaling of muscle mass (MM), physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), isometric force (Fmax ), and instantaneous power (Pinst ), along with several dimensionless architectural indices. In contrast to our hypothesis, MM and PCSA for most muscles change with positive allometry during growth by scaling at M b 1.3 and M b 1.1 , respectively, whereas Fmax and Pinst generally scale indistinguishably from isometry, as do the architectural indices tested. However, scaling patterns indicate that the digital flexors and ankle extensors of juvenile S. floridanus have greater capacities for force and power, respectively, than those in adults, suggesting these muscle properties may be a part of several compensatory features that promote enhanced acceleration performance in young rabbits. Overall, our study implies that body size constraints place larger, more mature rabbits at a disadvantage during acceleration, and that adults must develop hypertrophied muscles in order to maintain mechanical similarity in force and power capacities across development. These findings challenge the accepted understanding that juvenile animals are at a performance detriment relative to adults. Instead, for prey-predator interactions necessitating short intervals of high force and power generation relative to body mass, as demonstrated by rapid acceleration of cottontail rabbits fleeing predators, it may be the adults that struggle to keep pace with juveniles.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/joa.12991</a>
2019
acceleration
Butcher M T
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
force
Foster A D
Glenn Z D
Journal of anatomy
June 2019 Update
Muscle mass
NEOMED College of Medicine
ontogeny
physiological cross-sectional area
Power
Rose J A
Russo G A
scaling
Smith G A
Tatomirovich N M
Young J W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.005</a>
Pages
153–156
Issue
2
Volume
71
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Rituals of verification: the role of simulation in developing and evaluating empathic communication.
Publisher
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Patient Education & Counseling
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Physician-Patient Relations; Communication; Patient Satisfaction; Reproducibility of Results; Attitude of Health Personnel; Physician's Role; Educational Measurement; Students; Education; Empathy; Role Playing; Human; Patient Simulation; Medical; Bias (Research); Power; Rituals and Ceremonies; Clinical Competence – Standards; Educational Measurement – Standards
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Wear D; Varley JD
Description
An account of the resource
The use of simulation and standardized patients in medical education is firmly established. In this 'point-counterpoint' format we debate not their important function but the extent to which they are used to establish 'evidence' for trainees' empathic communication skills beyond their surface manifestations. We also question such issues as the power dynamics implicit in simulation when patients are not really worried or dependent but rather students who are under the evaluative surveillance gaze, often relying on formulaic and superficial behaviors associated with good communication. We offer educative experiences in narrative domains as opportunities to develop the habits of thinking and authentic feeling often absent in evaluative-based simulations.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.pec.2008.01.005</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2008
Attitude of Health Personnel
Bias (Research)
Clinical Competence – Standards
Communication
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Education
Educational Measurement
Educational Measurement – Standards
Empathy
Human
Medical
NEOMED College of Medicine
Patient Education & Counseling
Patient Satisfaction
Patient Simulation
Physician-Patient Relations
Physician's Role
Power
Reproducibility of Results
Rituals and Ceremonies
Role Playing
Students
Varley JD
Wear D