1
40
4
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.005</a>
Pages
103–118
Volume
98
Dublin Core
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Title
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Primate dietary ecology in the context of food mechanical properties.
Publisher
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Journal of human evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Diet; *Feeding behavior; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Analysis; *Food mechanical properties; *Mastication; *Primate diet; *Toughness; *Young's modulus; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Elastic Modulus; Female; Male; Primates/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Coiner-Collier Susan; Scott Robert S; Chalk-Wilayto Janine; Cheyne Susan M; Constantino Paul; Dominy Nathaniel J; Elgart Alison A; Glowacka Halszka; Loyola Laura C; Ossi-Lupo Kerry; Raguet-Schofield Melissa; Talebi Mauricio G; Sala Enrico A; Sieradzy Pawel; Taylor Andrea B; Vinyard Christopher J; Wright Barth W; Yamashita Nayuta; Lucas Peter W; Vogel Erin R
Description
An account of the resource
Substantial variation exists in the mechanical properties of foods consumed by primate species. This variation is known to influence food selection and ingestion among non-human primates, yet no large-scale comparative study has examined the relationships between food mechanical properties and feeding strategies. Here, we present comparative data on the Young's modulus and fracture toughness of natural foods in the diets of 31 primate species. We use these data to examine the relationships between food mechanical properties and dietary quality, body mass, and feeding time. We also examine the relationship between food mechanical properties and categorical concepts of diet that are often used to infer food mechanical properties. We found that traditional dietary categories, such as folivory and frugivory, did not faithfully track food mechanical properties. Additionally, our estimate of dietary quality was not significantly correlated with either toughness or Young's modulus. We found a complex relationship among food mechanical properties, body mass, and feeding time, with a potential interaction between median toughness and body mass. The relationship between mean toughness and feeding time is straightforward: feeding time increases as toughness increases. However, when considering median toughness, the relationship with feeding time may depend upon body mass, such that smaller primates increase their feeding time in response to an increase in median dietary toughness, whereas larger primates may feed for shorter periods of time as toughness increases. Our results emphasize the need for additional studies quantifying the mechanical and chemical properties of primate diets so that they may be meaningfully compared to research on feeding behavior and jaw morphology.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.005</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Diet
*Feeding behavior
*Food Analysis
*Food mechanical properties
*Mastication
*Primate diet
*Toughness
*Young's modulus
2016
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Chalk-Wilayto Janine
Cheyne Susan M
Coiner-Collier Susan
Constantino Paul
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Dominy Nathaniel J
Elastic Modulus
Elgart Alison A
Female
Glowacka Halszka
Journal of human evolution
Loyola Laura C
Lucas Peter W
Male
NEOMED College of Medicine
Ossi-Lupo Kerry
Primates/*physiology
Raguet-Schofield Melissa
Sala Enrico A
Scott Robert S
Sieradzy Pawel
Talebi Mauricio G
Taylor Andrea B
Vinyard Christopher J
Vogel Erin R
Wright Barth W
Yamashita Nayuta
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388</a>
Pages
37–71
Volume
165 Suppl 65
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Developments in development: What have we learned from primate locomotor ontogeny?
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
*allometry; *gait mechanics; *life history; *locomotor independence; *ontogeny; Animals; Anthropology; Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology; Bone and Bones/physiology; Female; Gait/*physiology; Hand Strength/physiology; Humans; Locomotion/*physiology; Male; Phylogeny; Physical; Primates/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Young Jesse W; Shapiro Liza J
Description
An account of the resource
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First, we assess possible determinants on the timing of locomotor independence, an important life history event. Significant influences on timing of locomotor independence include adult female body mass, age at weaning, and especially relative brain size, a significant predictor of other primate life history variables. Additionally, we found significant phylogenetic differences in the timing of locomotor independence, even accounting for these influences. Second, we discuss how structural aspects of primate growth may enhance the locomotor performance and safety of young primates, despite their inherent neuromotor and musculoskeletal limitations. For example, compared to adults, growing primates have greater muscle mechanical advantage, greater bone robusticity, and larger extremities with relatively long digits. Third, focusing on primate quadrupedalism, we provide examples that illustrate how ontogenetic transitions in morphology and locomotion can serve as a model system for testing broader principles underlying primate locomotor biomechanics. This approach has led to a better understanding of the key features that contribute to primates' stride characteristics, gait patterns, limb force distribution, and limb postures. We have learned a great deal from the study of locomotor ontogeny, but there is much left to explore. We conclude by offering guidelines for future research, both in the laboratory and the field.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23388" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.23388</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*allometry
*gait mechanics
*life history
*locomotor independence
*ontogeny
2018
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Anthropology
Biomechanical Phenomena/*physiology
Bone and Bones/physiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Female
Gait/*physiology
Hand Strength/physiology
Humans
Locomotion/*physiology
Male
NEOMED College of Medicine
Phylogeny
Physical
Primates/*physiology
Shapiro Liza J
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23302" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23302</a>
Pages
623–634
Issue
3
Volume
164
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Relative tooth size at birth in primates: Life history correlates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
2017-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
*anthropoid; *dental; *growth; *odontogenesis; Animals; Anthropology; Deciduous/*anatomy & histology; Female; Maxilla/anatomy & histology; Molar/anatomy & histology; Newborn/*physiology; Odontogenesis/*physiology; Physical; Primates/*physiology; Tooth
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith Timothy D; Muchlinski Magdalena N; Bucher Wade R; Vinyard Christopher J; Bonar Christopher J; Evans Sian; Williams Lawrence E; DeLeon Valerie B
Description
An account of the resource
OBJECTIVES: Dental eruption schedules have been closely linked to life history variables. Here we examine a sample of 50 perinatal primates (28 species) to determine whether life history traits correlate with relative tooth size at birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Newborn primates were studied using serial histological sectioning. Volumes of deciduous premolars (dp(2) -dp(4) ), replacement teeth (if any), and permanent molars (M(1-2/3) ) of the upper jaw were measured and residuals from cranial length were calculated with least squares regressions to obtain relative dental volumes (RDVs). RESULTS: Relative dental volumes of deciduous or permanent teeth have an unclear relationship with relative neonatal mass in all primates. Relative palatal length (RPL), used as a proxy for midfacial size, is significantly, positively correlated with larger deciduous and permanent postcanine teeth. However, when strepsirrhines alone are examined, larger RPL is correlated with smaller RDV of permanent teeth. In the full sample, RDVs of deciduous premolars are significantly negatively correlated with relative gestation length (RGL), but have no clear relationship with relative weaning age. RDVs of molars lack a clear relationship with RGL; later weaning is associated with larger molar RDV, although correlations are not significant. When strepsirrhines alone are analyzed, clearer trends are present: longer gestations or later weaning are associated with smaller deciduous and larger permanent postcanine teeth (only gestational length correlations are significant). DISCUSSION: Our results indicate a broad trend that primates with the shortest RGLs precociously develop deciduous teeth; in strepsirrhines, the opposite trend is seen for permanent molars. Anthropoids delay growth of permanent teeth, while strepsirrhines with short RGLs are growing replacement teeth concurrently. A comparison of neonatal volumes with existing information on extent of cusp mineralization indicates that growth of tooth germs and cusp mineralization may be selected for independently.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23302" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.23302</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*anthropoid
*dental
*growth
*odontogenesis
2017
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Anthropology
Bonar Christopher J
Bucher Wade R
Deciduous/*anatomy & histology
DeLeon Valerie B
Evans Sian
Female
Maxilla/anatomy & histology
Molar/anatomy & histology
Muchlinski Magdalena N
Newborn/*physiology
Odontogenesis/*physiology
Physical
Primates/*physiology
Smith Timothy D
Tooth
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Lawrence E
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395</a>
Pages
343–351
Issue
4
Volume
125
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New technique for studying reaction forces during primate behaviors on vertical substrates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
2004-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biophysics/instrumentation; Ergometry/*instrumentation/*methods; Motor Activity/*physiology; Primates/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Schmitt Daniel
Description
An account of the resource
Recording reaction forces from primates during behaviors on vertical substrates, such as leaping, climbing, or biting trees, typically requires the design and construction of customized recording devices or mounting commercially available force platforms in a vertical position. The technical difficulties imposed by either option have hindered in vivo research on the kinetics of primate behaviors on vertical substrates. We describe a simple, inexpensive apparatus for recording forces from primate behaviors on vertical substrates. The apparatus includes an instrumented beam fastened directly to a horizontal force platform and a surrounding vertical substrate that does not contact the instrumented beam or platform. The contact piece at the end of the instrumented beam is positioned flush with the noninstrumented vertical substrate, and reaction forces elicited on this instrumented section are directed to the force platform. Because most of the vertical substrate is not instrumented, we can isolate and record forces from a single limb or jaw during a behavior. Biewener and Full ([1992] Biomechanics Structures and Positions: A Practical Approach; New York: Oxford University press, p. 45-73) gave seven criteria to consider when designing a customized force-recording device. Where appropriate, we tested if our apparatus met their criteria. The apparatus accurately records forces in three orthogonal directions, has low cross-talk, maintains a high frequency response, exhibits a linear response up to at least 200 Newtons, and displays a uniform response to a given force across the instrumented contact piece. Our design does not easily facilitate the identification of the point of force application. Therefore, joint moments cannot be easily calculated. This limitation, however, does not affect the apparatus's ability to accurately record the magnitude and direction of a force (as shown by other tests). We developed this apparatus to measure jaw forces during tree gouging in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), but the general design can be readily modified to study a variety of primate behaviors on vertical substrates.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.10395</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2004
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biophysics/instrumentation
Ergometry/*instrumentation/*methods
Motor Activity/*physiology
Primates/*physiology
Schmitt Daniel
Vinyard Christopher J