Public Health Accreditation and Metrics for Ethics: A Case Study on Environmental Health and Community Engagement.
Public Health Administration; Access to Information; Professional; Ethics; Consumer Participation; Policy Making; Community Role; Coercion; Environmental Health; Property; Sanitation; Accreditation – Standards
As public health departments around the country undergo accreditation using the Public Health Accreditation Board standards, the process provides a new opportunity to integrate ethics metrics into day-to-day public health practice. While the accreditation standards do not explicitly address ethics, ethical tools and considerations can enrich the accreditation process by helping health departments and their communities understand what ethical principles underlie the accreditation standards and how to use metrics based on these ethical principles to support decision making in public health practice. We provide a crosswalk between a public health essential service, Public Health Accreditation Board community engagement domain standards, and the relevant ethical principles in the Public Health Code of Ethics (Code). A case study illustrates how the accreditation standards and the ethical principles in the Code together can enhance the practice of engaging the community in decision making in the local health department.
Bernheim RG; Stefanak M; Brandenburg T; Pannone A; Melnick A
Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
2013
2013-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0b013e31824acb25" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/PHH.0b013e31824acb25</a>
The ethical and pedagogical effects of modeling "not-so-universal" precautions.
Female; Humans; Male; Adolescent; Young Adult; United States; Focus Groups; Curriculum; Patient Safety; Students; Education; Professional; Internship and Residency; *Universal Precautions; Self Care; Human; Thematic Analysis; Student Attitudes; Ethics; Audiorecording; Practice; *Ethics; Medical; *Health Knowledge; Attitudes; Practice Patterns; Organizational; *Models; Medical/psychology; Preventive Health Care; Role Models
AIM: We sought to understand current medical students' levels of training and knowledge, and their attitudes regarding universal precautions practices and underlying professional and ethical issues. METHOD: A total of 54 US medical students at two schools were interviewed to determine the level of understanding and training students receive about universal precautions, their feelings about the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of universal precautions, the frequency and kinds of universal precautions used by healthcare professionals as observed by medical students, and students' perspectives about the lack of or inconsistent use of universal precautions. RESULTS: Pre-clinical students focused on safe-sex practices among students and professionals, as well as simple, important acts to protect oneself against infection and disease, such as hand-washing. Clinical students, on the other hand, had more exposure to observing and practicing universal precautions, thus presented us with more, in-depth responses pertaining to inconsistent and ineffective use of universal precautions among peers and role models. Several themes were noted from students' responses. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previously acquired data that universal precautions are not consistently or appropriately used by healthcare professionals, it is a significant and novel study in that it reveals a hidden, ethical, and clinical problem in medical education.
Aultman Julie M; Borges Nicole J
Medical teacher
2011
1905-7
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2011.530310" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3109/0142159X.2011.530310</a>
Effects of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction on Pitch Selection in Major League Baseball Pitchers.
Adult; Analysis of Variance; Athletes; Baseball; Collateral Ligaments – Surgery; Descriptive Statistics; Human; Major League Baseball; pitcher; Post Hoc Analysis; Pretest-Posttest Design; Professional; Prospective Studies; Reconstructive – Methods; Repeated Measures; Retrospective Design; Surgery; T-Tests; Tommy John; Ulna – Surgery; ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction
Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries represent one of the most common impairments to the throwing arm of professional pitchers. Return to play and postoperative performance metrics have been studied extensively, but pitch selection before and after surgery has not been evaluated. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to characterize the effects of UCL reconstruction on pitch selection in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. We hypothesized that pitchers will throw fewer fastballs and a greater percentage of off-speed pitches after undergoing UCL reconstruction. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using publicly available data, we evaluated MLB pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2003 and 2014. Pitching data were collected for the 2 seasons before UCL reconstruction as well as the first 2 seasons after reconstruction; the data consisted of the total number of pitches thrown and the percentage of fastballs, curveballs, changeups, and sliders. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used with post hoc least significant difference pairwise t tests to evaluate for statistical significance at P \textless .05. Results: Overall, 87 pitchers (mean age, 28.2 +/- 3.5 years) met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant difference in the total number of pitches thrown before and after surgery (P \textless .01) as well as in the percentage of fastballs thrown before and after surgery (P = .02). There was also a statistically significant increase in the use of curveballs between 1 and 2 years postoperatively (7.5% and 8.8%, respectively; P = .01). No other findings were statistically significant. Conclusion: Pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction were shown to have a statistically significant decline in the percentage of fastballs thrown postoperatively as compared with before injury, with a compensatory trend toward an increased use of curveballs and sliders.
Peterson Eric E; Handwork Patrick; Soloff Lonnie; Schickendantz Mark S; Frangiamore Salvatore J
Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine
2018
2018-11
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118810003" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/2325967118810003</a>
Narrative analysis of the ethics in providing advance care planning.
*Long-Term Care; Accountability; Advance care planning; Advance Care Planning – Ethical Issues; Advance Care Planning/*ethics; care managers; Case Managers; Courage; Decision Making/*ethics; Empowerment; end-of-life decisions; ethical dilemmas; Ethics; Focus Groups; Funding Source; Human; Humans; narrative analysis; Narratives; Nurses/*psychology; Ohio; Open-Ended Questionnaires; Patient Care Management/*ethics; Professional; Qualitative Studies; Questionnaires; registered nurses; Registered Nurses; Respect; Secondary Analysis; social workers; Social Workers; Thematic Analysis
Our objective was to better understand the values and ethical dilemmas surrounding advance care planning through stories told by registered nurses and licensed social workers, who were employed as care managers within Area Agencies on Aging. We conducted eight focus groups in which care managers were invited to tell their stories and answer open-ended questions focusing on their interactions with consumers receiving home-based long-term care. Using narrative analysis to understand how our participants thought through particular experiences and what they valued, we identified seven themes representative of their work with consumers and families: humility, respect, responsibilities, boundaries, empowerment, courage, and veracity.
Baughman Kristin R; Aultman Julie M; Ludwick Ruth; O'Neill Anne
Nursing ethics
2014
2014-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0969733013486795" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/0969733013486795</a>
Commentary: Knowing it when we see it: reflections on pornography.
*Erotica; *Ethics; *Internship and Residency; 20th Century; Education; Female; Feminism/*history; Graduate/ethics; History; Humans; Male; Medical; Professional; Professional Competence; Sexual Harassment; Textbooks as Topic/*history; Undergraduate/ethics
This commentary asks, of what contemporary use is the excavation of a specific incident of sexually intimidating and otherwise inappropriate behavior in medical education's history? The question is posed in response to the accompanying article by Halperin detailing the publication and critical reception of an anatomy textbook that adopted a demeaning attitude toward women and featured pinup style photographs of nude women. The author contends that the generational context of feminist response to this incident and others like it is critical in shaping the current discussion. Today's third-generation feminists recognize the injustice of exploitative or offensive behaviors, but because of a fear of retaliation or negative consequence, they may nonetheless decline to respond in an official or whistle-blowing capacity-despite efforts to normalize appropriate faculty-learner interactions and to provide safe reception for those affected by abuses of power or authority. Revisiting an incident such as the one Halperin recounts reminds readers of both genders and all career stages that violations of professional mores between teacher and learner still occur and that the price of speaking up remains high.
Hull Sharon K
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
2009
2009-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181939222" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181939222</a>
International Federation for emergency medicine model curriculum for continuing professional development.
*Curriculum; *International Cooperation; CMD - Continuous Professional Development; CME - Continuing Medical Education; Continuing; Continuing/*methods; Curriculum; Curriculum Development; Education; Emergency Medicine; Emergency Medicine – Education; Emergency Medicine/*education; Humans; International Agencies; Internship and Residency; Medical; Medical Organizations; Professional; Professional Development; Training
Hobgood Cherri; Mulligan Terrence; Bodiwala Gautam; Cameron Peter; Holliman James Jim; Kwan James; Singer Andrew; Jouriles Nicholas
CJEM
2015
2015-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2014.79" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1017/cem.2014.79</a>