Improving Outcomes in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.
Physician-Patient Relations; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Survival; Education; Practice Guidelines; Antineoplastic Agents; Adjuvant; Chemotherapy; Treatment Outcomes; Race Factors; Early Detection of Cancer; Lumpectomy; Continuing (Credit); Breast Neoplasms – Mortality; Breast Neoplasms – Pathology; Breast Neoplasms – Therapy; Breast Neoplasms – Classification; Breast Neoplasms – Psychosocial Factors; Hormonal – Therapeutic Use
Glück Stefan; Mamounas Terry; Klem Jennifer
Oncology (08909091)
2010
2010-10-03
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Behaviors and Characteristics of African American and European American Females That Impact Weight Management.
Female; Socioeconomic Factors; Aged; Body Mass Index; Income; Exercise; Health Status; Dietary Fats; Fruit; Self Report; Demography; Psychosocial; Human; Questionnaires; Descriptive Statistics; Scales; Data Analysis Software; Comparative Studies; Middle Age; Coefficient Alpha; Confidence; Exploratory Research; Blacks; Whites; Support; Physical Activity; Women; Secondary Analysis; Race Factors; Body Weights and Measures; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Self-Efficacy; Vegetables; Weight Control; Health Behavior – Ethnology; Obesity – Risk Factors
This report explores the extent to which sociodemographic and psychosocial factors could explain differences in obesity or dietary and exercise behaviors between middle-aged African American (AA) and European American (EA) women seen in primary care. We focus on 'race × predictor' interactions that could explain how AA and EA women differ in ways that affect the prevalence of obesity. This comparative exploratory study uses data from the baseline examination of the Reasonable Eating and Activity to Change Health (REACH) trial, which included 173 AA women and 278 EA women. Inclusion criteria were membership in one of the study family medicine practices, an elevated body mass index (greater than 27 kg/m), age 40 to 69 years, and no contraindications to increased activity and dietary change. Secondary data analyses were employed. There was evidence of race differences in the level of multiple variables related to weight management but there were only three significant 'race × predictor' interactions out of 48 comparisons: (a) race × physical health, with BMI as the dependent variable; (b) race × the percentage of dietary fat, with total dietary kilocalories as the dependent variable; and (c) race × median income, with exercise minutes per week as the dependent variable. The results support the proposition that the weight management experience of AA and EA primary care women is similar after different exposure levels are taken into account. The results contribute to the body of literature that addresses obesity management for AA and EA women in primary care settings. Findings illustrate the need for obesity prevention and management efforts from both multidisciplinary primary care providers and community-wide public health interventions. AA and EA women have different resources, but the same factors generally influence weight management, whether one is AA or EA. This suggests that clinical interventions and public health interventions for AA and EA women can be designed around the same principles while paying attention to relevant cultural issues.
Capers Cynthia Flynn; Baughman Kristin; Logue Everett
Journal of Nursing Scholarship
2011
2011
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x</a>
Characteristics of Prehospital ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctions.
Female; Male; Prospective Studies; Emergency Medical Services; Demography; Data Collection; Patient Care; Academic Medical Centers; Confidence Intervals; Human; Data Analysis; Middle Age; Outcomes (Health Care); Emergency Service; Databases; Angioplasty; Race Factors; Prehospital Care; Percutaneous Coronary; Transluminal; Myocardial Infarction – Diagnosis; Myocardial Infarction – Therapy; Cardiac Patients – Evaluation; Chest Pain – Diagnosis; Myocardial Infarction – Symptoms; ST Segment – Evaluation
Introduction. Despite attention directed at treatment times of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs), little is known about the types of STEMIs presenting to the emergency department (ED). Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative frequencies and characteristics of emergency medical services (EMS) STEMIs compared with those in patients who present to the ED by walk-in. This information may be applied in EMS training, system planning, and public education. Methods. This was a query of a prospectively gathered database of all STEMIs in patients presenting to Summa Akron City Hospital ED in 2009 and 2010. We collected demographic information, chief complaint, mode and time of arrival, and STEMI pattern (anterior, lateral, inferior, or posterior). We excluded transfers and in-hospital STEMIs. We calculated means, percentages, significance, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) ± 10%. Results. We analyzed data from 308 patients. Most patients (241/308, 78%, CI 73%-83%) arrived by EMS, were male (203/308, 66%, CI 60%-71%), and were white (286/308, 93%, CI 89%-96%). Patients arriving by EMS were older (average 63 years, range 35-95) than walk-in patients (average 57 years, range 24-92). Two percent (5/241, 2%, CI 1%-5%) of EMS STEMI patients were under 40 years of age, compared with 10% (7/67, 10%, CI 4%-20%) of walk-in patients (p = 0.0017). The most common chief complaint was chest pain (278/308, 90%, CI 86%-93%). Inferior STEMIs were most common (167/308, 54%, CI 49%-60%), followed by anterior (127/308, 41%, CI 48%-60%), lateral (8/308, 3%, CI 1%-5%), and posterior (6/308, 2%, CI 1%-4%). A day-of-the-week analysis showed that no specific day was most common for STEMI presentation. Forty percent (122/308, 40%, CI 34%-45%) of patients presented during open catheterization laboratory hours (Monday through Friday, 0730-1700 hours). There was no significant statistical difference between EMS and walk-in patients with regard to STEMI pattern or patient demographics. Conclusions. In this study, 95% (294/308) of all STEMIs were inferior or anterior infarctions, and these types of presentations should be stressed in EMS education. Most STEMI patients at this institution arrived by ambulance and during off-hours. Younger patients were more likely to walk in. We need further study, but we may have identified a target population for future interventions. Key words: emergency medical services; allied health personnel; electrocardiography; myocardial infarction; heart catheterization; STEMI
Celik Daniel H; Mencl Francis R; DeAngelis Anthony; Wilde Joshua; Steer Sheila H; Wilber Scott T; Frey Jennifer A; Bhalla Mary Colleen
Prehospital Emergency Care
2013
2013-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.785619" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3109/10903127.2013.785619</a>
Deaths of Despair: Why? What to Do?
United States; Age Factors; HEALTH; SOCIAL capital; Cause of Death; Geographic Factors; Race Factors; INCOME distribution – United States; Mortality – Trends – United States; MORTALITY – United States; PUBLIC health – United States; WHITE people – United States
Scutchfield F Douglas; Keck C William
American Journal of Public Health
2017
2017-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2105/AJPH.2017.303992</a>
Screen Exposure During Daily Routines and a Young Child's Risk for Having Social-Emotional Delay.
*Child Development; Activities of Daily Living; Affective Disorders; Caregivers; Child; child development; Child Development – Evaluation; Computers/*statistics & numerical data; Cross Sectional Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; emotions; Female; Human; Humans; Infant; Male; media; New York; Ohio; Preschool; Questionnaires; Race Factors; Risk Factors; screen; Sedentary Behavior; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Television/*statistics & numerical data
This cross-sectional study assessed associations between social-emotional development in young children and their number of daily routines involving an electronic screen. We hypothesized children with poor social-emotional development have a significant portion of daily routines occurring with a screen. Two hundred and ten female caregivers of typically developing children 12 to 36 months old completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ: SE) and a media diary. Caregivers completed the diary for 1 day around 10 daily routines (Waking Up, Diapering/Toileting, Dressing, Breakfast, Lunch, Naptime, Playtime, Dinner, Bath, and Bedtime). Median number of daily routines occurring with a screen for children at risk and not at risk for social-emotional delay (as defined by the ASQ: SE) was 7 versus 5. Children at risk for social-emotional delay were 5.8 times more likely to have \textgreater/=5 routines occurring with a screen as compared to children not at risk for delay (chi1(2) = 9.28, N = 210, P = .002; 95% confidence interval = 1.66-20.39).
Raman Sajani; Guerrero-Duby Sara; McCullough Jennifer L; Brown Miraides; Ostrowski-Delahanty Sarah; Langkamp Diane; Duby John C
Clinical pediatrics
2017
2017-11
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/0009922816684600" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/0009922816684600</a>