Construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs.
*Models; Animals; Education; Medical; Neural Pathways/*physiology; Neurological; Reflex/*physiology
Employment opportunities in the future will require higher skills and an understanding of mathematics and science. As a result of the growing number of careers that require solid science and mathematics training, the methods of science education are undergoing major reform. To adequately equip students for technologically advanced positions, new teaching methods must be developed that prepare tomorrow's workforce for the challenges of the 21st century. One such method is the use of models. By actively building and manipulating concrete models that represent scientific concepts, students are involved in the most basic level of Piaget's learning scheme: the sensorimotor stage. Models are useful in reaching all students at the foundational levels of learning, and further learning experiences are rapidly moved through higher learning levels. This success ensures greater comprehension and understanding compared with the traditional methods of rote memorization. We developed an exercise for the construction of an inexpensive, easy-to-build model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs. Our exercise also includes many supplemental teaching tools. The exercise is designed to fulfill the need of sound physiological teaching materials for high school students.
Chan V; Pisegna J M; Rosian R L; DiCarlo S E
The American journal of physiology
1996
1996-12
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/advances.1996.271.6.S14" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/advances.1996.271.6.S14</a>
Onset of exercise shifts operating point of arterial baroreflex to higher pressures.
*Blood Pressure; *Physical Exertion; Animals; Arteries/*physiology; Denervation; Heart Rate; Kidney/physiology; Pressoreceptors/*physiology; Rabbits; Reflex/*physiology; Sinus of Valsalva/physiology; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the onset of exercise is dependent on a rapid upward shift of the operating point of the arterial baroreflex. To test this hypothesis, we recorded renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in 16 New Zealand White rabbits during treadmill running (12.6 m/min, 20% grade) under control conditions and during concomitant intravenous infusions of nitroglycerin (NTG) to attenuate the exercise pressor response. In the control condition, MAP increased 18 +/- 2 mmHg. This was associated with an increase in heart rate (HR) (104 +/- 4 beats/min) and RSNA (414 +/- 20%). The increases in RSNA (848 +/- 32%) and HR (155 +/- 5 beats/min) at the onset of exercise were significantly augmented when the rate of development of the exercise pressor response (0.3 +/- 0.03 to 0.12 +/- 0.01 mmHg/s) and the magnitudes of the pressor response (91 +/- 2 to 79 +/- 1 mmHg) were attenuated by infusions of NTG. These data suggest that at the onset of exercise the operating point of the arterial baroreflex is reset toward higher pressures. The MAP, RSNA, and HR responses to exercise were also determined in eight sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rabbits. In the absence of a functional baroreflex, MAP (-46 +/- 2 mmHg), RSNA (-19 +/- 1%), and HR (-62 +/- 3 beats/min) decreased at the onset of exercise and recovered 1 min to -42 +/- 2, +13 +/- 1, and +9 +/- 1% of control, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DiCarlo S E; Bishop V S
The American journal of physiology
1992
1992-01
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.1.H303" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.1.H303</a>