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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00053-16" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00053-16</a>
Pages
249–253
Issue
4
Volume
23
Dublin Core
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Title
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnostic Testing: 30 Years of Evolution.
Publisher
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Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
Date
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2016
2016-04
Subject
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Diagnostic Tests; HIV Infections/*diagnosis; HIV/immunology/isolation & purification; Humans; Immunoassay/*methods/trends; Routine/*methods/trends
Creator
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Alexander Thomas S
Description
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A concern during the early AIDS epidemic was the lack of a test to identify individuals who carried the virus. The first HIV antibody test, developed in 1985, was designed to screen blood products, not to diagnose AIDS. The first-generation assays detected IgG antibody and became positive 6 to 12 weeks postinfection. False-positive results occurred; thus, a two-test algorithm was developed using a Western blot or immunofluorescence test as a confirmatory procedure. The second-generation HIV test added recombinant antigens, and the third-generation HIV tests included IgM detection, reducing the test-negative window to approximately 3 weeks postinfection. Fourth- and fifth-generation HIV assays added p24 antigen detection to the screening assay, reducing the test-negative window to 11 to 14 days. A new algorithm addressed the fourth-generation assay's ability to detect both antibody and antigen and yet not differentiate between them. The fifth-generation HIV assay provides separate antigen and antibody results and will require yet another algorithm. HIV infection may now be detected approximately 2 weeks postexposure, with a reduced number of false-positive results.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00053-16" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1128/CVI.00053-16</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2016
Alexander Thomas S
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
Diagnostic Tests
HIV Infections/*diagnosis
HIV/immunology/isolation & purification
Humans
Immunoassay/*methods/trends
Routine/*methods/trends