The Facial Integument Of Centrosaurine Ceratopsids: Morphological And Histological Correlates Of Novel Skin Structures
adaptation; Anatomy & Morphology; bovidae; Centrosaurinae; dinosaurs; discrete characters; evolution; horn; molecular phylogeny; ontogeny; Ovibos; Pachyrhinosaurus; papillary horn; selection; sexual selection; social; triceratops
The horned dinosaur Pachyhinosaurus possesses rugose bony bosses across the skull roof in lieu of the projecting bony horn cores seen in most ceratopsians. This elaboration of typical ceratopsian ornaments provides an opportunity to test hypotheses of ceratopsian facial skin morphology and function. We analyze bone morphology and histology associated with several classes of skin features in extant amniotes using a classification tree analysis. We isolate key osteological and histological correlates for unpreserved skin structures, including both a pattern of pitting and resorption characteristic of muskox (Ovibos) frontal horn boss, and a pattern of metaplastic ossification characteristic of rhinoceros nasal horn boss. We also describe correlates for other skin features, such as epidermal scales and horn sheaths. Dermatocranial elements from centrosaurine ceratopsians are then examined for the same osteological and histological correlates. From this comparison we propose that the rugose bosses that replace horn cores in many centrosaurine dinosaurs, most notably Achelousaurus and Pachyrhinosaurus, were covered by a thick pad of cornified skin derived from the caudodorsal side of the primitive horn sheath comparable to the horny boss of extant muskoxen (Ovibos). We examine extant taxa with skin morphologies similar to Pachyrhinosaurus for consistent adaptive relationships between structure and behavior. We determine that high-energy head-butting is consistently associated with the acquisition of thick cornified pads, seen in muskoxen as well as helmeted hornbills [Buceros (=Rhinoplax) vigil] and African buffalo (Syncerus). The association of the bony ornaments of Pachyrhinosaurus with risky agonistic behaviors casts doubt on the role of species recognition as a primary selection pressure driving the diversity of all ceratopsian horns. We conclude that social selection (a broad form of intraspecific competition) is a more appropriate explanation for the diversity of centrosaurine ceratopsian ornaments in the Late Cretaceous. Anat Rec, 292:1370-1396, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hieronymus T L; Witmer L M; Tanke D H; Currie P J
Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
2009
2009-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.20985" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.20985</a>
Personality, Vocational Interests, And Work Values Of Medical Students
career specialty choice; dissatisfaction; interests; Medical students; neo-pi-r; personality; physicians; Psychology; satisfaction; selection; Stability; traits; values
Duffy R D; Borges N J; Hartung P J
Journal of Career Assessment
2009
2009-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708329035" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1069072708329035</a>
Influence Of Controllable Lifestyle On Recent Trends In Specialty Choice By Us Medical Students
General & Internal Medicine; general-surgery; income; lifestyle; primary-care; resident matching program; satisfaction; selection
Dorsey E R; Jarjoura D; Rutecki G W
Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association
2003
2003-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.9.1173" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1001/jama.290.9.1173</a>
Morphometry, Geometry, Function, and the Future
Anatomy & Morphology; evolution; morphology; performance; primates; darwins finches; adaptation; selection; form; evolutionary; fitness; shape; biological anthropology; geometric morphometrics
The proliferation of geometric morphometrics (GM) in biological anthropology and more broadly throughout the biological sciences has resulted in a multitude of studies that adopt landmark-based approaches for addressing a variety of questions in evolutionary morphology. In some cases, particularly in the realm of systematics, the fit between research question and analytical design is quite good. Functional-adaptive studies, however, do not readily conform to the methods available in the GM toolkit. The symposium organized by Terhune and Cooke entitled Assessing function via shape: What is the place of GM in functional morphology? held at the 2013 meetings of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists was designed specifically to explore this relationship between landmark-based methods and analyses of functional morphology, and the articles in this special issue, which stem in large part from this symposium, provide numerous examples of how the two approaches can complement and contrast each other. Here, we underscore some of the major difficulties in interpreting GM results within a functional regime. In combination with other contributions in this issue, we identify emerging areas of research that will help bridge the gap between multivariate morphometry and functional-adaptive analysis. Ultimately, neither geometric nor functional morphometric approaches is sufficient to elaborate the adaptive pathways that explain morphological evolution through natural selection. These perspectives must be further integrated with research from physiology, developmental biology, genomics, and ecology. Anat Rec, 298:328-333, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
McNulty K P; Vinyard C J
Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
2015
2015-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23064" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.23064</a>
Holland's theory applied to medical specialty choice
students; primary care; personality; Psychology; physicians; specialty choice; selection; Career Occupational Preference System Inventory; Holland types
The present study tested the hypothesis that medical specialties classified as technique oriented or patient oriented would be distinguished by RIASEC code, with technique-oriented specialists resembling Investigative-Realistic types and patient-oriented specialists resembling Investigative-Social types. Using longitudinal data obtained from 447 college students who aspired to become physicians, the authors found that the predominant RIASEC code was the same in both groups of specialties, namely, Investigative-Social. The data suggested that most medical students could fit equally well in several different medical specialties. Thus, they should use Holland's model to explore how well their personalities can be expressed in different specialties and practice environments, not use RIASEC codes to match themselves to particular specialties.
Borges N J; Savickas M L; Jones B J
Journal of Career Assessment
2004
2004-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/1069072703257755" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/1069072703257755</a>
COMPARISON OF LY264826-GENTAMICIN WITH VANCOMYCIN-GENTAMICIN AGAINST ENTEROCOCCI FROM BLOOD CULTURES
aureus; coagulase-negative staphylococci; glycopeptides; Infectious Diseases; invitro activity; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; prevalence; resistance; selection; teicoplanin
Watanakunakorn C
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1992
1992-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/jac/29.3.303" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/jac/29.3.303</a>
Dialysis as a resource allocation paradigm: Confronting tragic choices once again?
attitudes; decisions; gender; issues; of-life; quality; selection; stage renal-disease; transplantation; Urology & Nephrology; withdraw dialysis
Rutecki G W; Kilner J F
Seminars in Dialysis
1999
1999-01
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-139X.1999.t01-3-00004.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1046/j.1525-139X.1999.t01-3-00004.x</a>