1
40
34
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
3-3
Issue
1
Volume
19
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine; NEOMED College of Graduate Studies
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A new zygodactylid species indicates the persistence of stem passerines into the early Oligocene in North America.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
BMC evolutionary biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Time Factors; Animals; Species Specificity; Fossils; Body Size; Skull/anatomy & histology; *Phylogeny; Geography; North America; *Paleobiogeography; *Paleogene; *Passeriformes; *Zygodactylidae; Extremities/anatomy & histology; Feathers/anatomy & histology; Passeriformes/*classification; Spine/anatomy & histology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hieronymus Tobin L; Waugh David A; Clarke Julia A
Description
An account of the resource
BACKGROUND: The lake deposits of the informal Ruby Paper Shale unit, part of the Renova Formation of Montana, have yielded abundant plant fossils that document Late Eocene - Early Oligocene global cooling in western North America. A nearly complete small bird with feather impressions was recovered from this unit in in 1959, but has only been informally mentioned. RESULTS: Here we describe this fossil and identify it as a new species of Zygodactylus, a stem lineage passerine with a zygodactyl foot. The new taxon shows morphological traits that are convergent on crown Passeriformes, including an elongate hallux, reduced body size, and a comparative shortening of proximal limb elements. The fossil documents the persistence of this lineage into the earliest Oligocene (~ 33 Ma) in North America. It is the latest occurring North American species of a group that persists in Europe until the Miocene. CONCLUSIONS: Eocene-Oligocene global cooling is known to have significantly remodeled both Palearctic and Nearctic mammal faunas but its impact on related avifaunas has remained poorly understood. The geographic and temporal range expansion provided by the new taxon together with avian other taxa with limited fossil records suggests a similar pattern of retraction in North America followed by Europe.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1186/s12862-018-1319-6</a>
*Paleobiogeography
*Paleogene
*Passeriformes
*Phylogeny
*Zygodactylidae
2019
Animals
BMC evolutionary biology
Body Size
Clarke Julia A
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Extremities/anatomy & histology
Feathers/anatomy & histology
Fossils
Geography
Hieronymus Tobin L
NEOMED College of Graduate Studies
NEOMED College of Medicine
North America
Passeriformes/*classification
Skull/anatomy & histology
Species Specificity
Spine/anatomy & histology
Time Factors
Waugh David A
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
853–858
Issue
2
Volume
150
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Expression of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in lean and obese Zucker rats.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1988
1988-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Female; Male; Animals; Rats; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Obesity/*metabolism; Liver/*enzymology; Cholestyramine Resin/pharmacology; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*metabolism; Steroid Hydroxylases/*metabolism; Microsomes; Zucker/metabolism
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Tang P M; Finkelstein J A; Chiang J Y
Description
An account of the resource
The activity of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase was studied in genetically obese and lean Zucker rats. The liver microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in fatty Zucker rats (fa/fa) is about 50% to 70% lower than that of the lean (Fa/-) rats of the same sex, when animals were sacrificed at the middle of the dark cycle. When rats were sacrificed at the middle of the light cycle, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was the same as in the dark cycle in obese rats of both sexes, but was 65% lower in lean rats. However, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was stimulated by the treatment with cholestyramine in both obese and lean rats. Our results suggested that the diurnal regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity is lost in obese rats but was present under cholestyramine treatment in the genetically obese strain of rats.
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1988
Animals
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Chiang J Y
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/*metabolism
Cholestyramine Resin/pharmacology
Department of Integrative Medical Sciences
Female
Finkelstein J A
Liver/*enzymology
Male
Microsomes
NEOMED College of Medicine
Obesity/*metabolism
Rats
Sex Factors
Species Specificity
Steroid Hydroxylases/*metabolism
Tang P M
Zucker/metabolism
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
514–520
Issue
4
Volume
41
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and agonist inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of lipid research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000
2000-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Animals; Binding Sites; Protein Binding; Rats; Gene Expression Regulation; Species Specificity; Liver/metabolism; Transcriptional Activation; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; Response Elements; *DNA-Binding Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Retinoid X Receptors; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/biosynthesis/*genetics; Clofibric Acid/pharmacology; Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology; Phosphoproteins/metabolism; Pyrimidines/pharmacology; Transcription Factors/*agonists/metabolism; Genes; Receptors; Models; Transcription; Genetic; Enzymologic; Reporter; Retinoic Acid/metabolism; Promoter Regions; Nucleic Acid; Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*agonists; *Regulatory Sequences
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Marrapodi M; Chiang J Y
Description
An account of the resource
Fibrates are widely used hypolipidemic drugs that regulate the expression of many genes involved in lipid metabolism by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of peroxisome proliferators and PPARalpha on the transcription of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in the liver. When cotransfected with the expression vectors for PPARalpha and RXRalpha, Wy14,643 reduced human and rat cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1)/luciferase reporter activities by 88% and 43%, respectively, in HepG2 cells, but not in CV-1 or CHO cells. We have mapped the peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) to a conserved sequence containing the canonical AGGTCA direct repeats separated by one nucleotide (DR1). This DR1 sequence was mapped previously as a binding site for the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) which stimulates CYP7A1 transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed no direct binding of in vitro synthesized PPARalpha/RXRalpha heterodimer to the DR1 sequence. PPARalpha and Wy14,643 did not affect HNF-4 binding to the DR1. However, Wy14,643 and PPARalpha/RXRalpha significantly reduced HNF-4 expression in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that PPARalpha and agonist repress cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity by reducing the availability of
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*DNA-Binding Proteins
*Regulatory Sequences
2000
Animals
Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
Binding Sites
Chiang J Y
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/biosynthesis/*genetics
Clofibric Acid/pharmacology
Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*agonists
Department of Integrative Medical Sciences
Enzymologic
Gene Expression Regulation
Genes
Genetic
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4
Humans
Journal of lipid research
Liver/metabolism
Marrapodi M
Models
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nucleic Acid
Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology
Phosphoproteins/metabolism
Promoter Regions
Protein Binding
Pyrimidines/pharmacology
Rats
Receptors
Reporter
Response Elements
Retinoic Acid/metabolism
Retinoid X Receptors
Species Specificity
Transcription
Transcription Factors/*agonists/metabolism
Transcriptional Activation
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(90)90400-c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(90)90400-c</a>
Pages
255–260
Issue
2
Volume
36
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethanol interoceptive cue and sleep-time duration in HAS and LAS selectively bred rats.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1990
1990-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
Male; Time Factors; Animals; Phenotype; Rats; Species Specificity; Ethanol/*pharmacology; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Hypnotics and Sedatives; Breeding; Sleep/*drug effects
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krimmer E C
Description
An account of the resource
The drug discrimination paradigm was used to evaluate the effects of selective breeding for differential sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of ethanol. Tenth generation high alcohol sensitive (HAS) and low alcohol sensitive (LAS) rats were trained to discriminate between ethanol (0.6 g/kg, IP) and saline vehicle on a
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(90)90400-c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0091-3057(90)90400-c</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Cues
*Discrimination Learning
*Hypnotics and Sedatives
1990
Animals
Breeding
Ethanol/*pharmacology
Krimmer E C
Male
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Phenotype
Rats
Sleep/*drug effects
Species Specificity
Time Factors
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
460–464
Volume
737
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Monoamine-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibits neurite outgrowth, survival, choline acetyltransferase, and dopamine concentration of neurons by blocking neurotrophin-receptor (trk) phosphorylation and signal transduction.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
1994-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Animals; Cell Survival/drug effects; Phosphorylation/drug effects; Signal Transduction/*drug effects; Infant; Neurons/physiology; Rats; Species Specificity; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism; Dopamine/metabolism; alpha-Macroglobulins/*pharmacology; Biogenic Monoamines/*pharmacology; Neurites/physiology; Prosencephalon/cytology/*physiology; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*drug effects; Newborn; Receptors; Nerve Growth Factor/*drug effects
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Koo P H; Liebl D J; Qiu W S; Hu Y Q; Dluzen D E
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1994
alpha-Macroglobulins/*pharmacology
Animals
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Biogenic Monoamines/*pharmacology
Cell Survival/drug effects
Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism
Dluzen D E
Dopamine/metabolism
Hu Y Q
Humans
Infant
Koo P H
Liebl D J
Nerve Growth Factor/*drug effects
Neurites/physiology
Neurons/physiology
Newborn
Phosphorylation/drug effects
Prosencephalon/cytology/*physiology
Qiu W S
Rats
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*drug effects
Receptors
Signal Transduction/*drug effects
Species Specificity
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)90481-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)90481-7</a>
Pages
372–376
Issue
2
Volume
458
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Immunocytochemical analysis of somatostatin in the hypothalamus of obese and non-obese Zucker rats.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Brain research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1988
1988-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Rats; Species Specificity; Obesity/*metabolism; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Hypothalamus/*cytology/pathology; Somatostatin/*analysis/immunology; Zucker
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
DonCarlos L L; Ho R H; Finkelstein J A
Description
An account of the resource
Levels of growth hormone (GH) are reduced in the genetically obese Zucker rat, fa/fa, in comparison to lean littermates. In normal rats, GH release is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory factors of hypothalamic origin. The present experiment focuses on hypothalamic somatostatin (SOM; growth hormone release inhibiting factor) in order to determine if abnormal hypothalamic SOM may be a correlate of depressed GH secretion in fa/fa rats. We compared immunocytochemical localization of hypothalamic SOM between 5 obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats and 5 non-obese littermates. Brain sections from pairs of animals were processed simultaneously. The distribution of SOM immunoreactive cell bodies in the hypothalamus agreed with previous reports. SOM-containing neurons in the periventricular area were counted and analyzed at 4 hypothalamic levels: (1) anterior to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN); (2) through SCN; (3) between SCN and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH); and (4) through VMH. The greatest number of SOM-immunoreactive cell bodies was observed at levels (2) and (3). The numbers of SOM-containing cells did not differ significantly between obese and lean animals. No apparent difference in density of fiber staining was observed in the median eminence.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(88)90481-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0006-8993(88)90481-7</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1988
Animals
Brain research
DonCarlos L L
Finkelstein J A
Ho R H
Hypothalamus/*cytology/pathology
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Obesity/*metabolism
Rats
Somatostatin/*analysis/immunology
Species Specificity
Zucker
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
94–101
Issue
1
Volume
62
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Modulatory effects of testosterone on
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of neurochemistry
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
1994-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Male; Animals; Mice; Species Specificity; Reference Values; Dopamine/*metabolism; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism; Orchiectomy; Drug Implants; Testosterone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Neurotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors/*toxicity; *MPTP Poisoning; Levodopa/pharmacology; Inbred Strains; Inbred C57BL; 3; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1; 2; Parkinson Disease; 6-tetrahydropyridine/antagonists & inhibitors; Secondary/chemically induced/*physiopathology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dluzen D; Jain R; Liu B
Description
An account of the resource
In this experiment, we examined the modulatory effects of testosterone on the parkinsonism-inducing drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in two strains of mice. Orchidectomized male CD-1 and C57/B1 mice were implanted with either empty Silastic capsules or capsules containing testosterone and subsequently treated with MPTP. A small area of the corpus striatum was removed for determination of dopamine (DA) content, whereas the remainder was superfused and used to measure L-DOPA (5 microM)-evoked DA release. In animals treated with MPTP, L-DOPA-evoked DA release was reduced significantly in CD-1 mice, but not in C57/B1 mice, treated with testosterone. No differences in L-DOPA-stimulated DA release between MPTP-versus vehicle-treated mice was observed in either the CD-1 or C57/B1 mice receiving empty Silastic capsules. Corpus striatum DA contents were more severely depleted in the MPTP-sensitive C57/B1 versus the CD-1 mouse strain irrespective of hormone treatment. These results confirm previous results demonstrating differences in these two mouse strains in response to the neurotoxic effects of MPTP upon corpus striatum DA content. More interestingly, they show an important differential modulatory effect of testosterone upon
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*MPTP Poisoning
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1
1994
2
3
6-tetrahydropyridine/antagonists & inhibitors
Animals
Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism
Dluzen D
Dopamine/*metabolism
Drug Implants
Inbred C57BL
Inbred Strains
Jain R
Journal of neurochemistry
Levodopa/pharmacology
Liu B
Male
Mice
Neurotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors/*toxicity
Orchiectomy
Parkinson Disease
Reference Values
Secondary/chemically induced/*physiopathology
Species Specificity
Testosterone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Pages
257–265
Issue
1
Volume
262
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) transcription by the liver orphan receptor (LXRalpha).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Gene
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001
2001-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Animals; Binding Sites; Rats; Species Specificity; Transfection; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects; Organ Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism; Cricetinae; Response Elements; Luciferases/genetics/metabolism; Retinoid X Receptors; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism; Hydroxycholesterols; Liver/physiology; Lovastatin/pharmacology; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology; Nicotinic Acids/pharmacology; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/pharmacology; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology; Cells; Cultured; Receptors; Transcription; Genetic; Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism; Steroid/genetics/*metabolism
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Chiang J Y; Kimmel R; Stroup D
Description
An account of the resource
The cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) plays an important role in regulation of bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Oxysterol receptor, LXR, stimulates, whereas the bile acid receptor, FXR, inhibits CYP7A1 transcription. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of LXRalpha on the regulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 transcription in its native promoter and cellular context. Cotransfection with LXRalpha and RXRalpha expression plasmids strongly stimulated rat CYP7A1/luciferase reporter activity in HepG2 cells and oxysterol was not required. However, LXRalpha had much less effect on hamster and no significant effect on human CYP7A1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, cotransfection with LXRalpha stimulated reporter activity by less than 2-fold and addition of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol caused a small but significant stimulation of rat, human and hamster CYP7A1 promoter activity. At least two direct repeats of AGGTCA-like sequences with 4-base spacing (DR4) and five-base spacing (DR5), in previously identified bile acid response elements of the rat CYP7A1 were able to bind LXRalpha/RXRalpha and confer LXRalpha stimulation. However, LXRalpha did not bind to the corresponding sequences of the human gene and bound weakly to hamster and mouse DR4 sequences. Therefore, rats and mice have the unusual capacity to convert cholesterol to bile acids by LXRalpha-mediated stimulation of CYP7A1 transcription, whereas other species do not respond to cholesterol and develop hypercholesterolemia on a diet high in cholesterol.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2001
Animals
Binding Sites
Cells
Chiang J Y
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism
Cricetinae
Cultured
Department of Integrative Medical Sciences
gene
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
Genetic
Humans
Hydroxycholesterols
Kimmel R
Liver/physiology
Lovastatin/pharmacology
Luciferases/genetics/metabolism
Mevalonic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nicotinic Acids/pharmacology
Organ Specificity
Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/pharmacology
Rats
Receptors
Response Elements
Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism
Retinoid X Receptors
Species Specificity
Steroid/genetics/*metabolism
Stroup D
Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology
Transcription
Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
Transfection
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-23-10449.2002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-23-10449.2002</a>
Pages
10449–10460
Issue
23
Volume
22
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Projection to the inferior colliculus from the basal nucleus of the amygdala.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Acoustic Stimulation/methods; Species Specificity; Action Potentials/physiology; Amygdala/*cytology/physiology; Dextrans; Rhodamines; Fluorescent Dyes; *Stilbamidines; Auditory Cortex/cytology; Auditory Pathways/*cytology/physiology; Axonal Transport/physiology; Brain Stem/cytology; Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Cholera Toxin/pharmacokinetics; Inferior Colliculi/*cytology/physiology; Neurons/cytology/physiology; Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate; Electrodes; Implanted
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Marsh Robert A; Fuzessery Zoltan M; Grose Carol D; Wenstrup Jeffrey J
Description
An account of the resource
This report describes a projection from the amygdala, a forebrain center mediating emotional expression, to the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain integration center of the ascending auditory system. In the IC of mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii) and pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus), we placed deposits of retrograde tracers at physiologically defined sites and then searched for retrogradely labeled somata in the forebrain. Labeling was most sensitive in experiments using cholera toxin B-subunit as tracer. We consistently observed retrograde labeling in a single amygdalar subdivision, the magnocellular subdivision of the basal nucleus (Bmg). The Bmg is distinctive across mammals, containing the largest cells in the amygdala and the most intense acetylcholinesterase staining. Labeled amygdalar cells occurred ipsilateral and contralateral to IC deposits, but ipsilateral labeling was greater, averaging 72%. Amygdalar labeling was observed after tracer deposits throughout the IC, including its central nucleus (ICC). In comparison, labeling in the auditory cortex (layer V) was heavily ipsilateral (averaging 92%). Cortical labeling depended on the location of IC deposits: dorsomedial deposits resulted in the most labeled cells, whereas ventrolateral deposits labeled few or no cortical cells. Cortical labeling occurred after several deposits in the ICC. Across experiments, the average number of labeled cells in the amygdala was similar to that in the auditory cortex, indicating that the amygdalocollicular projection is significant. The results demonstrate a direct, widespread projection from the basal amygdala to the IC. They also suggest the presence of a rapid thalamoamygdalocollicular feedback circuit that may impose emotional content onto processing of sensory stimuli at a relatively low level of an ascending sensory pathway.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-23-10449.2002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1523/jneurosci.22-23-10449.2002</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Stilbamidines
2002
Acoustic Stimulation/methods
Action Potentials/physiology
Amygdala/*cytology/physiology
Animals
Auditory Cortex/cytology
Auditory Pathways/*cytology/physiology
Axonal Transport/physiology
Brain Stem/cytology
Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/physiology
Cholera Toxin/pharmacokinetics
College of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dextrans
Electrodes
Fluorescent Dyes
Fuzessery Zoltan M
Grose Carol D
Implanted
Inferior Colliculi/*cytology/physiology
Marsh Robert A
NEOMED College of Medicine
Neurons/cytology/physiology
Rhodamines
Species Specificity
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Wenstrup Jeffrey J
Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate
-
Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1159/000114378" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1159/000114378</a>
Pages
39–52
Issue
1
Volume
38
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Serotoninergic and enkephalinergic cell groups in the reticular formation of the bat ray and two skates.
Publisher
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Brain, behavior and evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991
1991
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Brain Mapping; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Enkephalin; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Leucine/*physiology; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neurons/physiology; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Serotonin/*physiology; Skates (Fish)/*physiology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/physiology
Creator
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Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Northcutt R G
Description
An account of the resource
The distribution of cells which were immunohistochemically positive for leu-enkephalin (LENK+) or serotonin (5-HT+), two substances widely distributed in the reticular formation, was determined in two species of skates (Raja binoculata and Raja rhina) and a bat ray (Myliobatis californica). The Rajoids are closely related to the Rhinobatoids which contains Platyrhinoidis, an elasmobranch that does not have a nucleus raphe dorsalis. Myliobatis was chosen for an outgroup comparison. Most of the nuclei that were 5-HT+ were also LENK+. The greatest number of labeled cells was in the hypothalamus bordering the third ventricle and in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary. The mesencephalon was rich in cells in the ventral tegmental area bordering the red nucleus. In both genera, there were numerous 5-HT+ and LENK+ fusiform cells paralleling the ventral surface of the metencephalon and myelencephalon. These cells were located in several reticular nuclei but were especially prominent in nucleus reticularis (n.r.) pontis oralis, n.r. magnocellularis, and n.r. paragigantocellularis lateralis. The latter nucleus contained fewer LENK+ than 5-HT+ cells. In both genera, 5-HT+ and LENK+ cells were located in raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus, raphe centralis superior, and raphe linearis. Minor differences in distribution of the remaining 5-HT+ and LENK+ cell groups were found, but these representative elasmobranchs lack a dorsal raphe nucleus which, in mammals, is the largest serotoninergic group.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1159/000114378" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1159/000114378</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1991
Animals
Brain Mapping
Brain, behavior and evolution
Cruce W L
Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology
Enkephalin
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Leucine/*physiology
Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology
Neurons/physiology
Northcutt R G
Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Serotonin/*physiology
Skates (Fish)/*physiology
Species Specificity
Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/physiology
Stuesse S L
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00056.2005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00056.2005</a>
Pages
314–326
Issue
1
Volume
94
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Leading inhibition to neural oscillation is important for time-domain processing in the auditory midbrain.
Publisher
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Journal of neurophysiology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005
2005-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Periodicity; Acoustic Stimulation/methods; Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology; Animals; Anura; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Bicuculline/pharmacology; Chiroptera; Dose-Response Relationship; Echolocation/*physiology; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology; Mesencephalon/*cytology/physiology; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/*physiology; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology; Newborn; Radiation; Reaction Time/drug effects/*physiology; Sound; Species Specificity; Time Factors
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Galazyuk Alexander V; Lin Wenyu; Llano Daniel; Feng Albert S
Description
An account of the resource
A number of central auditory neurons exhibit paradoxical latency shift (PLS), a response characterized by longer response latencies at higher sound levels. PLS neurons are known to play a role in target ranging for echolocating bats that emit frequency-modulated sounds. We recently reported that early inhibition of unit's oscillatory discharges is critical for PLS in the inferior colliculus (IC) of little brown bats. The goal of this study was to determine in echolocating bats and in non-echolocating animals (frogs): 1) the detailed characteristics of PLS and whether PLS was dependent on sound level, frequency, and duration; 2) the time course of inhibition underlying PLS using a paired-pulse paradigm. We found that 22% of IC neurons in bats and 15% in frogs exhibited periodic discharge patterns in response to tone pulses at high sound levels. The firing periodicity was unit specific and independent of sound level and duration. Other IC neurons (28% in bats; 14% in frogs) exhibited PLS. These PLS neurons shared several response characteristics: 1) PLS was largely independent of sound frequency and 2) the magnitude of shift in first-spike latency was either duration dependent or duration tolerant. For PLS neurons, application of bicuculline abolished PLS and unmasked the unit's periodical firing pattern that served as the building block for PLS. In response to paired sound pulses, PLS neurons exhibited delay-dependent response suppression, confirming that high-threshold leading inhibition was responsible for PLS. Results also revealed the timing of excitatory and inhibitory inputs underlying PLS and its role in time-domain processing.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00056.2005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1152/jn.00056.2005</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Periodicity
2005
Acoustic Stimulation/methods
Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology
Animals
Anura
Auditory Pathways/physiology
Bicuculline/pharmacology
Chiroptera
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dose-Response Relationship
Echolocation/*physiology
Feng Albert S
GABA Antagonists/pharmacology
Galazyuk Alexander V
Journal of neurophysiology
Lin Wenyu
Llano Daniel
Mesencephalon/*cytology/physiology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Neural Inhibition/drug effects/*physiology
Neurons/drug effects/*physiology
Newborn
Radiation
Reaction Time/drug effects/*physiology
Sound
Species Specificity
Time Factors
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0912" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0912</a>
Pages
2609–2615
Issue
1651
Volume
275
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Relative growth rates of predator and prey dinosaurs reflect effects of predation.
Publisher
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Proceedings. Biological sciences
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
Aging/physiology; Animals; Dinosaurs/*growth & development; Fossils; Predatory Behavior/*physiology; Sexual Maturation; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cooper Lisa Noelle; Lee Andrew H; Taper Mark L; Horner John R
Description
An account of the resource
Hadrosaurs grew rapidly, and quantifying their growth is key to understanding life-history interactions between predators and prey during the Late Cretaceous. In this study, we longitudinally sampled a sequence of lines of arrested growth (LAGs) from an essentially full-grown hadrosaur Hypacrosaurus stebingeri (MOR 549). Spatial locations of LAGs in the femoral and tibial transverse sections of MOR 549 were measured and circumferences were calculated. For each bone, a time series of circumference data was fitted to several stochastic, discrete growth models. Our results suggest that the femur and the tibia of this specimen of Hypacrosaurus probably followed a Gompertz curve and that LAGs reportedly missing from early ontogeny were obscured by perimedullary resorption. In this specimen, death occurred at 13 years and took approximately 10-12 years to reach 95 per cent asymptotic size. The age at growth inflection, which is a proxy for reproductive maturity, occurred at approximately 2-3 years. Comparisons with several small and large predatory theropods reveal that MOR 549 grew faster and matured sooner than they did. These results suggest that Hypacrosaurus was able to partly avoid predators by outgrowing them.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0912" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1098/rspb.2008.0912</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2008
Aging/physiology
Animals
Cooper Lisa Noelle
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dinosaurs/*growth & development
Fossils
Horner John R
Lee Andrew H
NEOMED College of Medicine
Predatory Behavior/*physiology
Proceedings. Biological sciences
Sexual Maturation
Species Specificity
Taper Mark L
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0773" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0773</a>
Pages
197–200
Issue
2
Volume
6
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Ontogeny of long bone geometry in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons and Cebus apella): implications for locomotor development and life history.
Publisher
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Biology letters
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010
2010-04
Subject
The topic of the resource
Adaptation; Animals; Biological/*physiology; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Size; Bone Development/*physiology; Cebus/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology; Femur/diagnostic imaging/*growth & development; Humerus/diagnostic imaging/*growth & development; Locomotion/*physiology; Radiography; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Young Jesse W; Fernandez David; Fleagle John G
Description
An account of the resource
Studies of a diverse array of animals have found that young individuals often have robust bones for their body size (i.e. augmented cross-sectional dimensions), limiting fracture risk despite general musculoskeletal immaturity. However, previous research has focused primarily on precocial taxa (e.g. rodents, lagomorphs, bovids, goats and emu). In this study, we examined the ontogenetic scaling of humeral and femoral cross-sectional robusticity in a mixed-longitudinal sample of two slow-growing, behaviourally altricial capuchin monkeys. Results showed that, when regressed against biomechanically appropriate size variables (i.e. the product of body mass and bone length), humeral and femoral bending strengths generally scale with negative allometry, matching the scaling patterns observed in previous studies of more precocial mammals. Additionally, bone strength relative to predicted loads (e.g. 'safety factors') peaks at birth and rapidly decreases during postnatal growth, falling to less than 5 per cent of peak values by weaning age. We suggest that increased safety factors during early ontogeny may be an adaptation to mitigate injury from falling during initial locomotor efforts. Overall, the results presented here suggest that ontogenetic declines in relative long bone strength may represent a common pattern among mammals that is perhaps preadaptive for different purposes among different lineages.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0773" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0773</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2010
Adaptation
Animals
Biological/*physiology
Biology letters
Biomechanical Phenomena
Body Size
Bone Development/*physiology
Cebus/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Femur/diagnostic imaging/*growth & development
Fernandez David
Fleagle John G
Humerus/diagnostic imaging/*growth & development
Locomotion/*physiology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Radiography
Regression Analysis
Species Specificity
Young Jesse W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel263</a>
Pages
246–249
Issue
2
Volume
46
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Lack of bone stiffness/strength contribution to osteoarthritis–evidence for primary role of cartilage damage.
Publisher
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Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007
2007-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animal; Animals; Articular/physiopathology; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bird Diseases/*physiopathology; Birds; Bone and Bones/*physiopathology; Cartilage; Disease Models; Mechanical; Osteoarthritis/*physiopathology/*veterinary; Species Specificity; Stress
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rothschild B M; Panza R K
Description
An account of the resource
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess osseous contributions to osteoarthritis, obviating the analysis challenges presented by confounding factors in humans and rarity of osteoarthritis in free-ranging mammals. METHODS: Frequency of osteoarthritis in 21 bird species was examined and contrasted with measures of afflicted element bone stiffness and strength and compression/tension-resistant characteristics. RESULTS: Osteoarthritis was present in the ankle of 0-16% of bird species analysed, independent of bone laminarity, cortical thickness, circularity, polarization, cross-sectional diameter, length and pneumatization. CONCLUSIONS: No correlation of frequency of osteoarthritis with parameters of bone strength and biomechanical parameters was found, suggesting that bone is only secondarily affected in osteoarthritis and that cartilage is the initial target of the disease.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel263" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/rheumatology/kel263</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2007
Animal
Animals
Articular/physiopathology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Bird Diseases/*physiopathology
Birds
Bone and Bones/*physiopathology
Cartilage
Disease Models
Mechanical
Osteoarthritis/*physiopathology/*veterinary
Panza R K
Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
Rothschild B M
Species Specificity
Stress
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00180-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00180-x</a>
Pages
141–144
Issue
1
Volume
65
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Strain differences in neuropathic hyperalgesia.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000
2000-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Chronic Disease; Cytokines/physiology; Hyperalgesia/*etiology; Inbred F344; Inbred Lew; Ligation; Male; Rats; Sciatic Nerve/physiology; Species Specificity; Sprague-Dawley; Wistar
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lovell J A; Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Crisp T
Description
An account of the resource
The purpose of this study was to investigate strain-related differences in the onset and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia following the induction of peripheral nerve injury in two inbred strains of rats (Fischer 344 and Lewis) and two outbred strains of rats (Sprague-Dawley and Wistar). Neuropathic pain was induced via unilateral ligation of the left sciatic nerve with chromic gut sutures. A plantar analgesia meter was used to measure paw-withdrawal latency from the ligated vs. unligated hind paws of inbred vs. outbred strains of rats to investigate strain-related differences in nerve injury-induced thermal hyperalgesia. The results demonstrated no significant effects of animal strain on presurgical paw-withdrawal latency values. Following the sciatic nerve ligation (SNL) surgery, a significant hyperalgesic response was elicited from the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats (outbred strains) for at least 28 days. Conversely, data analyses from the inbred strains failed to demonstrate significant hyperalgesic responses to peripheral nerve injury, with the exception of postsurgical day 10. These data emphasize the importance of considering the strain of the rat being investigated before extrapolating the results from animals experiments to treatment strategies for humans with chronic neuropathic pain.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00180-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00180-x</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2000
Animals
Chronic Disease
Crisp T
Cruce W L
Cytokines/physiology
Hyperalgesia/*etiology
Inbred F344
Inbred Lew
Ligation
Lovell J A
Male
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Rats
Sciatic Nerve/physiology
Species Specificity
Sprague-Dawley
Stuesse S L
Wistar
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9969(96)00056-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9969(96)00056-8</a>
Pages
1053–1063
Issue
11
Volume
41
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Variation in quantitative measures of enamel prisms from different species as assessed using confocal microscopy.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Archives of oral biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1996
1996-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology; Confocal; Crystallography; Dental Enamel/*ultrastructure; Electron; Galago/anatomy & histology; Insectivora/anatomy & histology; Lemur/anatomy & histology; Lemuridae/anatomy & histology; Mammals/*anatomy & histology; Microscopy; Primates/anatomy & histology; Scanning; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dumont E R
Description
An account of the resource
This study presents a statistical analysis of variability in six measures of enamel prism and ameloblast size and spacing gathered using confocal microscopy, and applies the results to a consideration of appropriate sampling strategies for taxonomic analyses. Variability within individuals was examined within depth series. Individual variability was also assessed within a nested analysis of variation for prism measurements between micrographs, specimens and species. While sample depth was not often significantly associated with differences in prism and ameloblast measures, there was significant variation between micrographs taken from the same region of a tooth. The highest levels of variation were found between species, while variation between conspecific individuals was relatively small. These results demonstrate that data gathered from several micrographs are likely to be representative of a specimen, but that several micrographs of a single specimen will rarely illustrate the range of variation contained within a species. It is essential for systematic and taxonomic analyses that several micrographs be used to characterize an individual. It is also recommended that samples from several individuals be used to characterize species. While data from isolated specimens is often of great interest, taxonomic or systematic conclusions based on isolated individuals should be approached cautiously.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9969(96)00056-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0003-9969(96)00056-8</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1996
Animals
Archives of oral biology
Chiroptera/anatomy & histology
Confocal
Crystallography
Dental Enamel/*ultrastructure
Dumont E R
Electron
Galago/anatomy & histology
Insectivora/anatomy & histology
Lemur/anatomy & histology
Lemuridae/anatomy & histology
Mammals/*anatomy & histology
Microscopy
Primates/anatomy & histology
Scanning
Species Specificity
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.008</a>
Pages
40–47
Volume
55
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
MPTP neurotoxicity is highly concordant between the sexes among BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Neurotoxicology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
2016-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
*QTL; *Recombinant inbred mice; *Sex Characteristics; *Sex differences; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1; 2; 3; 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism; 6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology; Animal; Animals; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism; Disease Models; Dopamine/metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/*genetics; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/*metabolism; Homovanillic Acid/metabolism; Inbred Strains; Male; Mice; MPTP Poisoning/chemically induced/*pathology; Serotonin/metabolism; Species Specificity; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alam Gelareh; Miller Diane B; O'Callaghan James P; Lu Lu; Williams Robert W; Jones Byron C
Description
An account of the resource
Continuing our previous work in which we showed wide-ranging strain differences in MPTP neurotoxicity in male mice among ten BXD recombinant inbred strains, we replicated our work in females from nine of the same strains. Mice received a single s.c. injection of 12.5mg/kg MPTP or saline. Forty-eight hours later the striatum was dissected for neurochemical analysis. Striatal dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, DOPAC and HVA, striatal serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-HIAA, were analyzed using HPLC. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic protein that increases during the astroglial response to neural injury, were measured using ELISA. There were wide genetic variations in the DA, DOPAC, HVA, TH and GFAP responses to MPTP. We also performed principal component analysis (PCA) on the difference values, saline minus MPTP, for DA, DOPAC, HVA and TH and mapped the dominant principal component to a suggestive QTL on chromosome 1 at the same location that we observed previously for males. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the sexes for the effect of MPTP on DA, HVA, and TH. Our findings suggest that the systems genetic approach as utilized here can help researchers understand the role of sex in individual differences. The same approach can pave the way to understand and pinpoint the genetic bases for individual differences in pathology attributable to toxicants. Such systems genetics approach has broad implications for elucidating gene-environment contributions to neurodegenerative diseases.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.008</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*QTL
*Recombinant inbred mice
*Sex Characteristics
*Sex differences
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1
2
2016
3
4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
Alam Gelareh
Animal
Animals
Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Disease Models
Dopamine/metabolism
Female
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/*genetics
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/*metabolism
Homovanillic Acid/metabolism
Inbred Strains
Jones Byron C
Lu Lu
Male
Mice
Miller Diane B
MPTP Poisoning/chemically induced/*pathology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Neurotoxicology
O'Callaghan James P
Serotonin/metabolism
Species Specificity
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
Williams Robert W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(93)90056-t" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(93)90056-t</a>
Pages
77–81
Issue
1
Volume
10
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ethanol discrimination in Fawn-Hooded rats is compromised when compared to other strains.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993
1993-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Discrimination Learning; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Ethanol/*pharmacology; Male; Rats; Serotonin/physiology; Species Specificity; Sprague-Dawley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Schechter M D; Meehan S M
Description
An account of the resource
The drug discrimination paradigm was used to evaluate the behavioral differences in response to ethanol between three strains of rats, viz., Sprague-Dawley, N/Nih and Fawn-Hooded. This latter group is thought to have a genetically-transmitted diminished central serotonin function. Each group of rats was trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of 600 mg/kg ethanol and its vehicle in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Results indicate that the Fawn-Hooded rats required a significantly longer time and a higher ethanol dose to reach criterion discrimination performance. Furthermore, the ED50 value of the Fawn-Hooded rats, once trained, was higher than the Sprague-Dawley or N/Nih rats. The possibility that a reciprocal relationship exists between lowered central serotonin concentrations and higher alcohol consumption is suggested and the hypothesis that the diminished ability to recognize the interoceptive stimuli produced by ethanol may result in larger amounts of ethanol being consumed is offered.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(93)90056-t" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0741-8329(93)90056-t</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Discrimination Learning
1993
Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)
Animals
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
Ethanol/*pharmacology
Male
Meehan S M
Rats
Schechter M D
Serotonin/physiology
Species Specificity
Sprague-Dawley
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)00154-f" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)00154-f</a>
Pages
161–168
Issue
1
Volume
26
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A lack of supersensitivity to opioid receptor agonists following chronic spinal opioid receptor antagonist administration in the rat.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
General pharmacology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
1995-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
5)-; Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Animals; D-Penicillamine (2; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Enkephalin; Enkephalins/*pharmacology; Male; Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Narcotic Antagonists/*pharmacology; Opioid/*drug effects; Rats; Receptors; Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/*drug effects; Sprague-Dawley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Keck B J; Stafinsky J L; Uram M; Crisp T
Description
An account of the resource
1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically tested with intrathecal (i.t.) receptor selective opioid antagonists to determine if antinociceptive supersensitivity developed to selective i.t. opioid receptor agonists. 2. A subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump was used to deliver the mu-opioid receptor antagonist CTOP (0.3 nmol) or the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (5.5 nmol) for 7 days. 3. Following a 24 hr washout period, rats received a single i.t. dose (ED50) of either DAMPGO (for CTOP-treated animals) or DPDPE (for naltrindole-treated animals) and the antinociceptive effects of the agents were tested on the tail-flick test. 4. Our findings revealed that chronic spinal treatment with selective opioid receptor antagonists did not induce an antinociceptive supersensitivity to selective opioid receptor agonists. 5. Perhaps this lack of supersensitivity is reflective of difficulties inherent to opioid receptor antagonists that do not possess negative intrinsic activity.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)00154-f" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0306-3623(94)00154-f</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1995
5)-
Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
Animals
Crisp T
D-Penicillamine (2
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
Enkephalin
Enkephalins/*pharmacology
General pharmacology
Keck B J
Male
Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
Narcotic Antagonists/*pharmacology
Opioid/*drug effects
Rats
Receptors
Somatostatin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
Species Specificity
Spinal Cord/*drug effects
Sprague-Dawley
Stafinsky J L
Uram M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(94)90014-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(94)90014-0</a>
Pages
575–584
Issue
3
Volume
18
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Conditioned place preference/aversion to fenfluramine in fawn hooded and sprague-Dawley rats.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
1994-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects; Blood Platelets/metabolism; Brain Chemistry/genetics; Fenfluramine/*pharmacology; Habituation; Inbred Strains; Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency/physiopathology; Psychophysiologic/drug effects; Rats; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology; Species Specificity; Sprague-Dawley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Meehan S M; Schechter M D
Description
An account of the resource
The Fawn Hooded (FH) rat strain possesses a genetic platelet storage pool deficiency which leads to an impaired capacity for platelets to store and release serotonin. While the relationship between this deficit and possible alterations in brain serotonergic levels or function remains unclear, numerous behavioral studies have indicated that FH rats exhibit differential responses to serotonergic agonists and antagonist relative to other strains. The current study used the conditioned place preference paradigm to examine the ability of fenfluramine to produce a conditioned place preference (CPP) or aversion (CPA) in FH and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Results indicated that fenfluramine failed to produce CPP or CPA in SD rats, but did produce a CPA in FH rats. Results are discussed in terms of the use of conditioned place preference to assess putative differences in serotonergic functioning in FH rats.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(94)90014-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0278-5846(94)90014-0</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1994
Animals
Avoidance Learning/*drug effects
Blood Platelets/metabolism
Brain Chemistry/genetics
Fenfluramine/*pharmacology
Habituation
Inbred Strains
Meehan S M
Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency/physiopathology
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
Psychophysiologic/drug effects
Rats
Schechter M D
Serotonin/metabolism/physiology
Species Specificity
Sprague-Dawley
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90475-u" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90475-u</a>
Pages
1015–1021
Issue
4
Volume
43
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Rats bred for differences in preference to cocaine: other behavioral measurements.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1992
1992-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animal/*drug effects; Animals; Behavior; Choice Behavior/*drug effects; Cocaine/*pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Female; Inbred Strains; Male; Motor Activity/drug effects; Rats; Species Specificity; Sprague-Dawley
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Schechter M D
Description
An account of the resource
Cocaine has repeatedly been shown to produce conditioned place preference (CPP) in the rat. The present study employed the heterogenous N/Nih rat stock to produce a selectively bred rat line determined by individual place preference to a conditioning dose of 2.5 mg/kg cocaine. As each of three generations of rats were exposed to the CPP task, cocaine-preferring (CP) males were mated with CP females whereas cocaine-nonpreferring (CNP) male rats were paired with their female counterparts. Rats in litters of the third generation of these selectively bred rats were used in two collateral studies: one involving the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine and the other to investigate the ability of cocaine to stimulate activity. Results indicate that the continued breeding of CP animals has resulted in rats that prefer cocaine, whereas the breeding of CNP rats is defining a line of rats that actually find cocaine aversive. In testing the discriminative stimulus performance of five male CP and five male CNP rats, the learning rates and dose-response relationship to cocaine were not significantly different between these two groups. In contrast, administration of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg cocaine to male and female CP and CNP rats indicated that, although all groups were stimulated by cocaine when compared to vehicle administration, male CNP rats showed a significantly decreased reaction to these two doses of cocaine. The possibility that conditioned place preference and locomotor stimulation are subserved by the same neural substrates, that is, most probably the dopaminergic systems in the nucleus accumbens of the brain, is discussed.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(92)90475-u" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0091-3057(92)90475-u</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1992
Animal/*drug effects
Animals
Behavior
Choice Behavior/*drug effects
Cocaine/*pharmacology
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
Female
Inbred Strains
Male
Motor Activity/drug effects
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Rats
Schechter M D
Species Specificity
Sprague-Dawley
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-002-0912-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-002-0912-5</a>
Pages
329–344
Issue
2
Volume
148
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Multiple mechanisms for HSV-1 induction of interferon alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Archives of virology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2003
2003-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
Fucose/pharmacology; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects; Herpesvirus 1; Human/classification/drug effects/genetics/*physiology; Humans; Interferon-alpha/*biosynthesis; Mutation; Myeloid Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/*virology; Species Specificity; Virus Replication
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rong Q; Alexander T S; Koski G K; Rosenthal K S
Description
An account of the resource
UV-inactivated, infectious, and other forms of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) induced interferon (IFN) production by different routes in myeloid origin mononuclear cells (MOMC) (consisting predominantly of monocytes). GM-CSF activated the MOMC (G-MOMC) to produce greater amounts of interferon while differentiation to DC, by the addition of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and calcium ionophore (GA-MOMC), reduced the levels of interferon production upon challenge with some HSV strains. UV-inactivated virus induced more interferon than infectious virus. L-fucose, an antagonist of the mannose receptor, inhibited the induction of IFN-alpha by UV-inactivated virus and gB(-) virus (defective in penetration) in MOMC and GA-MOMC but not
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-002-0912-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00705-002-0912-5</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2003
Alexander T S
Archives of virology
Fucose/pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
Herpesvirus 1
Human/classification/drug effects/genetics/*physiology
Humans
Interferon-alpha/*biosynthesis
Koski G K
Mutation
Myeloid Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/*virology
Rong Q
Rosenthal K S
Species Specificity
Virus Replication
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02245271" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02245271</a>
Pages
564–568
Issue
4
Volume
107
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Differences in response to the aversive properties and activity effects of low dose ethanol in LAS and HAS selectively bred rats.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Psychopharmacology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1992
1905-6
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects; Conditioning; Dose-Response Relationship; Drug; Ethanol/*pharmacology; Motor Activity/drug effects; Operant/drug effects; Rats; Sleep/drug effects; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Schechter M D; Krimmer E C
Description
An account of the resource
Rats selectively bred for high alcohol sleep times (HAS) and those that are less affected (LAS) by hypnotic doses (3.0-3.6 g/kg) of ethanol were tested for differential responses to the aversive effects of 1.0 g/kg ethanol in a conditioned place preference task. Likewise, the effects of 0.3-1.0 g/kg ethanol on spontaneous locomotor activity over a 30-min period, as well as the loss of righting reflex with a higher ethanol dose (3.0 g/kg), were determined in these animals. The LAS rats reacted more aversively to 1.0 g/kg during conditioned place aversion testing than the HAS animals and also had a shorter mean sleeping time following 3.0 g/kg ethanol. Furthermore, dose-related depression of spontaneous motor activity was seen in the HAS animals and not in the LAS animals over a 30-min period using doses of 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 g/kg (10% w/v) ethanol. Taken together, the results indicate that the intoxicating sequelae of high ethanol doses, such as ataxia and sedation, may not be correlated with the aversive effects of low ethanol doses.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02245271" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf02245271</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1992
Animals
Avoidance Learning/*drug effects
Conditioning
Dose-Response Relationship
Drug
Ethanol/*pharmacology
Krimmer E C
Motor Activity/drug effects
Operant/drug effects
Psychopharmacology
Rats
Schechter M D
Sleep/drug effects
Species Specificity
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf01323238" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf01323238</a>
Pages
2163–2181
Issue
12
Volume
140
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A block in glycoprotein processing correlates with small plaque morphology and virion targetting to cell-cell junctions for an oral and an anal strain of herpes simplex virus type-1.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Archives of virology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
1995
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Protein Processing; Anal Canal/virology; Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops; Electron; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Genetic Complementation Test; Herpesvirus 1; Human/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology; Humans; Indirect; Intercellular Junctions/physiology/*virology; Kinetics; Microscopy; Mouth/virology; Post-Translational; Species Specificity; Vero Cells; Viral Envelope Proteins/*biosynthesis/metabolism; Viral Plaque Assay; Virion/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dick J W; Rosenthal K S
Description
An account of the resource
The characteristics of two clinical isolates of HSV-1 obtained from an oral (424) and an anal (490) lesion were compared with the highly passaged KOS strain. In contrast to KOS, the clinical isolates produced small plaques, were more cell-associated and the predominant viral glycoprotein species for gC and gD in infected cell lysates was the precursor, high mannose glycoform. Total virus production in Vero cells was equivalent for the three virus strains in one-step growths. Pulse-chase studies of glycoprotein C processing showed a reduction in rate at 7.5 h post infection and a significant block in processing at 10.5 h post infection for 424 and 490 but not KOS. Similar results were obtained for gD. The significant reduction in glycoprotein processing for 424 and 490 suggests a block in transport of viral glycoproteins or virions to and through the Golgi apparatus. Extracellular virions and the cell surface, prior to cell lysis, contained the processed gC glycoform suggesting a competent cellular glycan processing system. Upon co-infection of 424 or 490 with KOS or a gC- KOS strain, gC was processed to levels equivalent to KOS indicating that 424 and 490 are not inhibitory but that an activity(s) encoded by KOS facilitates maturation of gC from 424 and 490. Unlike KOS infected Vero cells, virion-containing vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasm at 12 h p.i. and extracellular virions were concentrated at cell-cell junctions of 424 or 490 infected cells but not in the perinuclear region. These results suggest that intracellular transport of viral glycoproteins and virions in 424 and 490 infected cells is different from KOS infected cells. The reduced level of viral glycoprotein maturation, virus release, cell surface presence and presence of virions at cell-cell junctions are consistent with small plaque production in tissue culture cells.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf01323238" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf01323238</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Protein Processing
1995
Anal Canal/virology
Animals
Archives of virology
Cercopithecus aethiops
Dick J W
Electron
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Genetic Complementation Test
Herpesvirus 1
Human/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology
Humans
Indirect
Intercellular Junctions/physiology/*virology
Kinetics
Microscopy
Mouth/virology
Post-Translational
Rosenthal K S
Species Specificity
Vero Cells
Viral Envelope Proteins/*biosynthesis/metabolism
Viral Plaque Assay
Virion/*physiology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.10097" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.10097</a>
Pages
346–353
Issue
3
Volume
67
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparative binding of biotinylated neurotrophins to alpha(2)-macroglobulin family of proteins: relationship between cytokine-binding and neuro-modulatory activities of the macroglobulins.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of neuroscience research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Biotinylation; *Blotting; alpha-Macroglobulins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology; Animals; Cytokines/chemistry/*metabolism; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry; Nerve Growth Factor/chemistry/metabolism; Nerve Growth Factors/chemistry/*metabolism; Neurons/drug effects; Pregnancy Proteins/chemistry/metabolism; Protein Binding/physiology; Rats; Species Specificity; Western
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skornicka Erin L; Shi Xiaoqing; Koo Peter H
Description
An account of the resource
Human alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M), pregnancy zone protein (PZP), rat alpha(1)M and acute-phase rat alpha(2)M belong to the alpha(2)M gene family of proteins, which can react covalently with nucleophilic monoamines to yield monoamine-activated (MA) macroglobulins. The MA forms of human alpha(2)M, PZP and rat alpha(2)M have been demonstrated previously to inhibit various neurotrophin-promoted neuronal activities, whereas MA-alpha(1)M is neurostimulatory and all native macroglobulins are generally inactive. The mechanism of neuromodulation is unknown, but it has been postulated that MA macroglobulins might inhibit neurons via their binding and sequestration of neurotrophins. This study employed a novel biotinylation-Western blot technique to compare the neurotrophin-binding properties of the four macroglobulins, and to correlate their binding activities with their known neuro-modulatory activities. In comparison with their respective native counterparts, human and rat
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.10097" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jnr.10097</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Biotinylation
*Blotting
2002
alpha-Macroglobulins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology
Animals
Cytokines/chemistry/*metabolism
Humans
Iodine Radioisotopes/chemistry
Journal of neuroscience research
Koo Peter H
Nerve Growth Factor/chemistry/metabolism
Nerve Growth Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
Neurons/drug effects
Pregnancy Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
Protein Binding/physiology
Rats
Shi Xiaoqing
Skornicka Erin L
Species Specificity
Western
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903080211" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903080211</a>
Pages
277–292
Issue
2
Volume
308
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Localization of serotonin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and leu-enkephalin immunoreactive cells in the brainstem of the horn shark, Heterodontus francisci.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Journal of comparative neurology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991
1991-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Brain Mapping; Brain Stem/anatomy & histology/*chemistry; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Enkephalin; Leucine/*analysis; Mammals/anatomy & histology; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Neurons/chemistry; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Serotonin/*analysis; Sharks/*anatomy & histology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*analysis
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Stuesse S L; Cruce W L; Northcutt R G
Description
An account of the resource
In previous studies on reptiles and elasmobranchs, we determined that some reticular groups are either absent or may be displaced compared to their locations in mammals. For example, nucleus raphe dorsalis, the largest serotoninergic cell group in mammals, is not present in rays, skates, or guitarfish. In the present study, we chose heterodontid sharks, a sister group to these batoids, for an out-group comparison of this and other characters. We identified cells in the brainstem of Heterodontus francisci by use of antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, or leu-enkephalin and compared the distribution of these nuclei to descriptions in mammals and other elasmobranchs. The majority of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were found in the midbrain tegmentum (A8-A10) and the hypothalamus. In addition, putative A1, A2, A5, A7 (noradrenergic) groups were found in the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Serotonin-positive cells were found in raphe nuclei and scattered lateral to the raphe. We identified probable homologues to raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus, and raphe centralis superior (B8) cell groups, which have been described in mammals. A cluster of cells dorsomedial to the medial longitudinal fasciculus was identified as raphe dorsalis. The distributions of leu-enkephalin and serotonin immunoreactive cells were similar to each other, but the tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive cells rarely intermingle with the former two immunoreactive cell types. Other reticular groups that contained both serotonin- and leu-enkephalin-positive cells included reticularis (r.) ventralis, r. magnocellularis, r. paragigantocellularis lateralis, r. pontis caudalis, and r. pontis oralis medialis and lateralis. Thus, this shark contains many of the major brainstem raphe and catecholaminergic cell groups described for rats, but the relative distribution of the immunopositive cell groups differs in mammals and cartilaginous fish.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903080211" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/cne.903080211</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
1991
Animals
Brain Mapping
Brain Stem/anatomy & histology/*chemistry
Cruce W L
Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry
Enkephalin
Leucine/*analysis
Mammals/anatomy & histology
Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/chemistry
Neurons/chemistry
Northcutt R G
Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/chemistry
Serotonin/*analysis
Sharks/*anatomy & histology
Species Specificity
Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/chemistry
Stuesse S L
The Journal of comparative neurology
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*analysis
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23273" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23273</a>
Pages
2098–2131
Issue
12
Volume
298
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dental maturation, eruption, and gingival emergence in the upper jaw of newborn primates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
2015-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Tooth Eruption/physiology; Animals; anthropoid; Dentition; development; Gingiva/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development; haplorhine; Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Newborn; Odontogenesis/physiology; Permanent; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development; Species Specificity; strepsirrhine; Tarsius; teeth
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith Timothy D; Muchlinski Magdalena N; Jankord Kathryn D; Progar Abbigal J; Bonar Christopher J; Evans Sian; Williams Lawrence; Vinyard Christopher J; DeLeon Valerie B
Description
An account of the resource
In this report we provide data on dental eruption and tooth germ maturation at birth in a large sample constituting the broadest array of non-human primates studied to date. Over 100 perinatal primates, obtained from natural captive deaths, were screened for characteristics indicating premature birth, and were subsequently studied using a combination of histology and micro-CT. Results reveal one probable unifying characteristic of living primates: relatively advanced maturation of deciduous teeth and M1 at birth. Beyond this, there is great diversity in the status of tooth eruption and maturation (dental stage) in the newborn primate. Contrasting strategies in producing a masticatory battery are already apparent at birth in strepsirrhines and anthropoids. Results show that dental maturation and eruption schedules are potentially independently co-opted as different strategies for attaining feeding independence. The most common strategy in strepsirrhines is accelerating eruption and the maturation of the permanent dentition, including replacement teeth. Anthropoids, with only few exceptions, accelerate mineralization of the deciduous teeth, while delaying development of all permanent teeth except M1. These results also show that no living primate resembles the altricial tree shrew (Tupaia) in dental development. Our preliminary observations suggest that ecological explanations, such as diet, provide an explanation for certain morphological variations at birth. These results confirm previous work on perinatal indriids indicating that these and other primates telegraph their feeding adaptations well before masticatory anatomy is functional. Quantitative analyses are required to decipher specific dietary and other influences on dental size and maturation in the newborn primate.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23273" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.23273</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Tooth Eruption/physiology
2015
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Animals
anthropoid
Bonar Christopher J
DeLeon Valerie B
Dentition
development
Evans Sian
Gingiva/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development
haplorhine
Jankord Kathryn D
Jaw/*anatomy & histology/physiology
Muchlinski Magdalena N
Newborn
Odontogenesis/physiology
Permanent
Primates/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development
Progar Abbigal J
Smith Timothy D
Species Specificity
strepsirrhine
Tarsius
Teeth
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Lawrence
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21095" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21095</a>
Pages
775–785
Issue
5
Volume
293
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Murine metapodophalangeal sesamoid bones: morphology and potential means of mineralization underlying function.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2010
2010-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Aging/physiology; Animal Structures; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Development/*physiology; Calcification; Collagen Type II/metabolism; Electron; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/ultrastructure; Fibrocartilage/physiology/ultrastructure; Forelimb/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development; Hindlimb/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development; Mice; Microscopy; Movement/physiology; Muscle; Physiologic/*physiology; Proteoglycans/metabolism; Radiography; Sesamoid Bones/*cytology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development; Skeletal/anatomy & histology/physiology; Species Specificity; Tendons/physiology/ultrastructure; Transmission
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Doherty Alison H; Lowder Elizabeth M; Jacquet Robin D; Landis William J
Description
An account of the resource
Normal murine metapodophalangeal sesamoid bones, closely associated with tendons, were examined in terms of their structure and mineralization with reference to their potential function following crystal deposition. This study utilized radiography, whole mount staining, histology, and conventional electron microscopy to establish a maturation timeline of mineral formation in 1- to
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21095" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.21095</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2010
Aging/physiology
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Animal Structures
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Bone Development/*physiology
Calcification
Collagen Type II/metabolism
Doherty Alison H
Electron
Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/ultrastructure
Fibrocartilage/physiology/ultrastructure
Forelimb/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development
Hindlimb/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development
Jacquet Robin D
Landis William J
Lowder Elizabeth M
Mice
Microscopy
Movement/physiology
Muscle
Physiologic/*physiology
Proteoglycans/metabolism
Radiography
Sesamoid Bones/*cytology/diagnostic imaging/growth & development
Skeletal/anatomy & histology/physiology
Species Specificity
Tendons/physiology/ultrastructure
Transmission
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714</a>
Issue
11
Volume
79
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory function in both a tropical (Alouatta palliata) and seasonally cold-habitat (Macaca fuscata) primate.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of primatology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
2017-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
*energetics; *temperature; *thermal environment; *thermoregulation; *thyroid hormone; Alouatta/*physiology/urine; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology; Macaca/*physiology/urine; Seasons; Species Specificity; Temperature; Thyroid Hormones/*metabolism/urine
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thompson Cynthia L; Powell Brianna L; Williams Susan H; Hanya Goro; Glander Kenneth E; Vinyard Christopher J
Description
An account of the resource
Thyroid hormones boost animals' basal metabolic rate and represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at high latitudes and elevations are often apparent, tropical habitats also display distinct wet and dry seasons with modest changes in thermal environment. We assessed seasonal and temperature-related changes in thyroid hormone levels for two primate species in disparate thermal environments, tropical mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata), and seasonally cold-habitat Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We collected urine and feces from animals and used ELISA to quantify levels of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (fT3 ). For both species, fT3 levels were significantly higher during the cooler season (wet/winter), consistent with a thermoregulatory role. Likewise, both species displayed greater temperature deficits (i.e., the degree to which animals warm their body temperature relative to ambient) during the cooler season, indicating greater thermoregulatory pressures during this time. Independently of season, Japanese macaques displayed increasing fT3 levels with decreasing recently experienced maximum temperatures, but no relationship between fT3 and recently experienced minimum temperatures. Howlers increased fT3 levels as recently experienced minimum temperatures decreased, although demonstrated the opposite relationship with maximum temperatures. This may reflect natural thermal variation in howlers' habitat: wet seasons had cooler minimum and mean temperatures than the dry season, but similar maximum temperatures. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that both tropical howlers and seasonally cold-habitat Japanese macaques utilize thyroid hormones as a mechanism to boost metabolism in response to thermoregulatory pressures. This implies that cool thermal pressures faced by tropical primates are sufficient to invoke an energetically costly and relatively longer-term thermoregulatory pathway. The well-established relationship between thyroid hormones and energetics suggests that the seasonal hormonal changes we observed could influence many commonly studied behaviors including food choice, range use, and activity patterns.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajp.22714</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*energetics
*temperature
*thermal environment
*thermoregulation
*thyroid hormone
2017
Alouatta/*physiology/urine
American journal of primatology
Animals
Basal Metabolism
Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology
Glander Kenneth E
Hanya Goro
Macaca/*physiology/urine
Powell Brianna L
Seasons
Species Specificity
Temperature
Thompson Cynthia L
Thyroid Hormones/*metabolism/urine
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20140" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20140</a>
Pages
219–231
Issue
3
Volume
66
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Etiology of reactive arthritis in Pan paniscus, P. troglodytes troglodytes, and P. troglodytes schweinfurthii.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of primatology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005
2005-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Environment; *Pan paniscus; *Pan troglodytes; Africa South of the Sahara; Animal/*physiology; Animals; Ape Diseases/*etiology/*pathology; Arthritis; Bone and Bones/pathology; Joints/pathology; Reactive/etiology/pathology/*veterinary; Sexual Behavior; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rothschild Bruce M; Ruhli Frank J
Description
An account of the resource
The character of arthritis has not received the same attention in Pan paniscus as it has in P. troglodytes. Reactive arthritis (a form of spondyloarthropathy) in the latter has been considered to be either a sexually transmitted or an infectious-agent diarrhea-related disorder. The unique sexual promiscuity of P. paniscus enables us to distinguish between those hypotheses. The macerated skeletons of 139 adult P. paniscus, P. troglodytes troglodytes, and P. troglodytes schweinfurthii were macroscopically analyzed for osseous and articular pathologies. The sex of the animal was recorded at the time of acquisition. Twenty-one percent of the P. paniscus, 28% of the P. t. troglodytes, and 27% of the P. t. schweinfurthii specimens had peripheral and central joint erosive disease characteristic of spondyloarthropathy. Subchondral pauciarticular distribution and reactive new bone clearly distinguish this disease from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and direct bone/joint infection. The fact that P. paniscus and P. t. troglodytes were similar in terms of disease frequency makes the notion of sexual transmission unlikely. While the frequencies of spondyloarthropathy were indistinguishable among all species/subspecies studied, the patterns of joint involvement were disparate. The Pan paniscus and P. t. troglodytes home ranges are geographically separate. We assessed possible habitat factors (e.g., exposure to specific infectious agents of diarrhea) by comparing P. paniscus and P. t. troglodytes with P. t. schweinfurthii. The latter shared similar patterns and habitats (separated by the Congo River) with P. paniscus. The explanation offered for habitat-specific patterns is differential bacterial exposure-most likely Shigella or Yersinia in P. paniscus and P. t. schweinfurthii.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20140" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajp.20140</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Environment
*Pan paniscus
*Pan troglodytes
2005
Africa South of the Sahara
American journal of primatology
Animal/*physiology
Animals
Ape Diseases/*etiology/*pathology
Arthritis
Bone and Bones/pathology
Joints/pathology
Reactive/etiology/pathology/*veterinary
Rothschild Bruce M
Ruhli Frank J
Sexual Behavior
Species Specificity
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20139" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20139</a>
Pages
205–218
Issue
3
Volume
66
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparison of arthritis characteristics in lowland Gorilla gorilla and mountain Gorilla beringei.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of primatology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005
2005-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Gorilla gorilla; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology; Animals; Ape Diseases/*epidemiology/*pathology; Arthritis/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary; Bone and Bones/pathology; Joints/pathology; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rothschild Bruce M; Ruhli Frank J
Description
An account of the resource
Gorilla gorilla and the less-studied G. beringei occupy very different, geographically separate habitats. We studied the occurrence of various forms of arthritis to examine possible nature/nurture causality. The macerated skeletons of 38 G. beringei and 99 G. gorilla individuals were examined macroscopically for the presence of articular and osseous pathologies. Contrasting with only isolated osteoarthritis and infectious arthritis was the frequent occurrence of a form of erosive arthritis associated with joint fusion. Twenty-one percent of the G. beringei and 20% of G. gorilla specimens were afflicted, which are statistically indistinguishable frequencies. While both had prominent axial disease, they differed in patterns of peripheral arthritis. Whereas G. beringei showed a pauciarticular pattern, the pattern in G. gorilla was more often polyarticular. Susceptibility to spondyloarthropathy was apparently genetically imprinted before Gorilla separated into G. gorilla and G. beringei. However, the different patterns of peripheral joint involvement suggest a causality resulting from lifestyle (e.g., the presence/absence or extent of knuckle walking) or a habitat-related infectious agent.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20139" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajp.20139</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Gorilla gorilla
2005
Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
American journal of primatology
Animals
Ape Diseases/*epidemiology/*pathology
Arthritis/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary
Bone and Bones/pathology
Joints/pathology
Rothschild Bruce M
Ruhli Frank J
Species Specificity
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8</a>
Pages
534–560
Issue
4
Volume
403
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Brainstem neurons with descending projections to the spinal cord of two elasmobranch fishes: thornback guitarfish, Platyrhinoidis triseriata, and horn shark, Heterodontus francisci.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
The Journal of comparative neurology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1999
1999-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Stilbamidines; Animals; Axonal Transport; Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Fishes/*anatomy & histology; Fluorescent Dyes; Horseradish Peroxidase; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology; Neurons/*cytology/physiology; Pons/anatomy & histology/physiology; Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/physiology; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/*anatomy & histology/physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cruce W L; Stuesse S L; Northcutt R G
Description
An account of the resource
We studied two cartilaginous fishes and described their brainstem supraspinal projections because most nuclei in the reticular formation can be identified that way. A retrogradely transported tracer, horseradish peroxidase or Fluoro-Gold, was injected into the spinal cord of Platyrhinoidis triseriata (thornback guitarfish) or Heterodontus fransisci (horn shark). We described labeled reticular cells by their position, morpohology, somatic orientation, dendritic processes, and laterality of spinal projections. Nineteen reticular nuclei have spinal projections: reticularis (r.) dorsalis, r. ventralis pars alpha and beta, r. gigantocellularis, r. magnocellularis, r. parvocellularis, r. paragigantocellularis lateralis and dorsalis, r. pontis caudalis pars alpha and beta, r. pontis oralis pars medialis and lateralis, r. subcuneiformis, r. peduncularis pars compacta, r. subcoeruleus pars alpha, raphe obscurus, raphe pallidus, raphe magnus, and locus coeruleus. Twenty nonreticular nuclei have spinal projections: descending trigeminal, retroambiguus, solitarius, posterior octaval, descending octaval, magnocellular octaval, ruber, Edinger-Westphal, nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, latral mesencephalic complex, periventricularis pretectalis pars dorsalis, central pretectal, ventromedial thalamic, posterior central thalamic, posterior dorsal thalamic, the posterior tuberculum, and nuclei B, F, and J. The large number of distinct reticular nuclei with spinal projections corroborates the hypothesis that the reticular formation of elasmobranches is complexly organized into many of the same nuclei that are found in frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990125)403:4%3C534::aid-cne8%3E3.0.co;2-8</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Stilbamidines
1999
Animals
Axonal Transport
Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology/physiology
Cruce W L
Diencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology
Fishes/*anatomy & histology
Fluorescent Dyes
Horseradish Peroxidase
Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology/physiology
Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/physiology
Neurons/*cytology/physiology
Northcutt R G
Pons/anatomy & histology/physiology
Reticular Formation/anatomy & histology/physiology
Species Specificity
Spinal Cord/*anatomy & histology/physiology
Stuesse S L
The Journal of comparative neurology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U</a>
Pages
185–197
Issue
2
Volume
105
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in primates.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1998
1998-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Walking; Animals; Gait; Hand Strength; Hand/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging; Primates/*anatomy & histology/classification; Radiography; Species Specificity; Ulna/anatomy & histology; Videotape Recording
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lemelin P; Schmitt D
Description
An account of the resource
Primate hands can be classified into two broad categories on the basis of ray proportions and other features. Ectaxonic hands are characterized by a longer fourth ray and are found in most strepsirhines. Most haplorhines possess mesaxonic hands which are characterized by a longer third ray. Preuschoft et al. ([1993] in H. Preuschoft and D.J. Chivers (eds.): Hands of Primates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 21-30) proposed a biomechanical model which predicts that, during quadrupedalism, a mesaxonic hand should be held in a more neutral position with respect to the forearm, whereas an ectaxonic hand should be more ulnarly deviated. The relation between hand positioning and the mesaxony/ectaxony categorization is investigated for 27 primate taxa. Videotapes were recorded for each species walking quadrupedally on arboreal supports. Several species were also videotaped during ground quadrupedalism. The degree of deviation of the hand relative to the substrate and the grips utilized were quantified for 18 species from the videotapes. Primates with mesaxonic hands use deviated hand positions and grips, especially when walking quadrupedally on small poles. Several species with ectaxonic hands use neutral hand positions and grips when walking quadrupedally on similar supports. Also, several primates, with either ectaxonic or mesaxonic hands, display a combination of deviated hand positions and grips when on arboreal substrates and neutral hand positioning when on the ground. The statistical results indicate that hand positioning during quadrupedal walking is more variable than expected based on the mesaxony/ectaxony classification. Furthermore, radiographic data suggest that primates evolved at least two different mechanisms of hand ulnar deviation.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2%3C185::AID-AJPA6%3E3.0.CO;2-U</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Walking
1998
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Gait
Hand Strength
Hand/*anatomy & histology/diagnostic imaging
Lemelin P
Primates/*anatomy & histology/classification
Radiography
Schmitt D
Species Specificity
Ulna/anatomy & histology
Videotape Recording
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2%3C187::AID-AJPA4%3E3.0.CO;2-W" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2%3C187::AID-AJPA4%3E3.0.CO;2-W</a>
Pages
187–202
Issue
2
Volume
102
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cranial shape in fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders: implications for interpreting the fossil record.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997
1997-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Dentition; *Diet; *Fruit; Animals; Biological Evolution; Chiroptera; Discriminant Analysis; Fossils; Primates; Skull/*anatomy & histology; Species Specificity
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dumont E R
Description
An account of the resource
At least 29 species of fossil primates have been referred to fruit, nectar, and/or exudate feeding dietary niches. Many studies have detailed the morphological correlates of fruit feeding in comparison to insectivory and folivory. In contrast, few studies have sought to differentiate the morphological correlates of fruit feeding from those of nectar and exudate feeding. This study investigates the differences between fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders using 22 cranial and dentary shape variables representing 28 species of living marsupials, bats, and primates. Discriminant function analysis is used to investigate the differences between these dietary categories using both the complete data set and a reduced data set composed of variables that might reasonably be available from fragmentary fossil material. The success rates of post-hoc classifications are 94 and 88%, respectively. These results demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate among fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders among fossil taxa with a reasonable degree of certainty using the data and techniques outlined here. Nectar feeders exhibit a unique combination of features that are associated with reduced masticatory strength and their role as pollination agents. Exudate feeder skulls and dentaries exhibit a combination of features that reflect the high stresses encountered by the anterior dentition through bark gouging behavior. Fruit feeders are morphologically diverse, exhibiting cranial and mandibular shape values that overlap with both nectar and exudate feeders. It is suggested that this diversity reflects the variety of physical properties represented among fruits, and the tendency for individual frugivore species to specialize on particular fruits.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2%3C187::AID-AJPA4%3E3.0.CO;2-W" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2%3C187::AID-AJPA4%3E3.0.CO;2-W</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Dentition
*Diet
*Fruit
1997
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Biological Evolution
Chiroptera
Discriminant Analysis
Dumont E R
Fossils
Primates
Skull/*anatomy & histology
Species Specificity