1
40
2
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1086/321886" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1086/321886</a>
Pages
305–311
Issue
3
Volume
33
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from an extinct bison dated 17,000 years before the present.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001
2001-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ancient; Animals; Bacterial/*analysis/history; Bison/*microbiology; DNA; History; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*genetics; Paleontology; Tuberculosis/*history/veterinary; Wyoming
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rothschild B M; Martin L D; Lev G; Bercovier H; Bar-Gal G K; Greenblatt C; Donoghue H; Spigelman M; Brittain D
Description
An account of the resource
In order to assess the presence of tuberculosis in Pleistocene bison and the origin of tuberculosis in North America, 2 separate DNA extractions were performed by 2 separate laboratories on samples from the metacarpal of an extinct long-horned bison that was radiocarbon dated at 17,870+/-230 years before present and that had pathological changes suggestive of tuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification isolated fragments of tuberculosis DNA, which were sequenced, and on which spoligotyping was also performed to help determine its relationship to the various members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Extensive precautions against contamination with modern M. tuberculosis complex DNA were employed, including analysis of paleontologic and modern specimens in 2 geographically separate laboratories.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1086/321886" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1086/321886</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2001
Ancient
Animals
Bacterial/*analysis/history
Bar-Gal G K
Bercovier H
Bison/*microbiology
Brittain D
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DNA
Donoghue H
Greenblatt C
History
Lev G
Martin L D
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*genetics
Paleontology
Rothschild B M
Spigelman M
Tuberculosis/*history/veterinary
Wyoming
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041923" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041923</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
9-9
Issue
7
Volume
7
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Lipid Virulence Factors Preserved In The 17,000-year-old Skeleton Of An Extinct Bison, Bison Antiquus
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Plos One
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012
2012-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
acquired genomic islands; dna; evolution; homo-erectus; Science & Technology - Other Topics; trehalose
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Lee O Y C; Wu H H T; Donoghue H D; Spigelman M; Greenblatt C L; Bull I D; Rothschild B M; Martin L D; Minnikin D E; Besra G S
Description
An account of the resource
Tracing the evolution of ancient diseases depends on the availability and accessibility of suitable biomarkers in archaeological specimens. DNA is potentially information-rich but it depends on a favourable environment for preservation. In the case of the major mycobacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, robust lipid biomarkers are established as alternatives or complements to DNA analyses. A DNA report, a decade ago, suggested that a 17,000-year-old skeleton of extinct Bison antiquus, from Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming, was the oldest known case of tuberculosis. In the current study, key mycobacterial lipid virulence factor biomarkers were detected in the same two samples from this bison. Fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated the presence of mycolic acids of the mycobacterial type, but they were degraded and could not be precisely correlated with tuberculosis. However, pristine profiles of C-29, C-30 and C-32 mycocerosates and C-27 mycolipenates, typical of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, were recorded by negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry of pentafluorobenzyl ester derivatives. These findings were supported by the detection of C-34 and C-36 phthiocerols, which are usually esterified to the mycocerosates. The existence of Pleistocene tuberculosis in the Americas is confirmed and there are many even older animal bones with well-characterised tuberculous lesions similar to those on the analysed sample. In the absence of any evidence of tuberculosis in human skeletons older than 9,000 years BP, the hypothesis that this disease evolved as a zoonosis, before transfer to humans, is given detailed consideration and discussion.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041923" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1371/journal.pone.0041923</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2012
acquired genomic islands
Besra G S
Bull I D
DNA
Donoghue H D
Evolution
Greenblatt C L
homo-erectus
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Lee O Y C
Martin L D
Minnikin D E
PloS one
Rothschild B M
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Spigelman M
trehalose
Wu H H T