Browse Items · NEOMED Bibliography Database

Vagal afferents reflexly inhibit exercise in conscious rats.

Activation of vagal afferents reflexly inhibited locomotion induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region in decerebrate cats. However, this reflex has not been tested in intact mammals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test…

Vagal afferents from the uterus and cervix provide direct connections to the brainstem.

Previous anatomical studies demonstrated vagal innervation to the ovary and distal colon and suggested the vagus nerve has uterine inputs. Recent behavioral and physiological evidence indicated that the vagus nerves conduct sensory information from…

Tags: 1999, Animals, Berthoud H R, Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology, Cell and tissue research, Cervix Uteri/*innervation, Collins J J, Estrogen/metabolism, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Lin C E, Neurons/cytology/metabolism, Papka R E, Rats, Receptors, Sprague-Dawley, Uterus/*innervation, Vagus Nerve/*anatomy & histology/metabolism

Use of in vitro superfusion to assess the dynamics of striatal dopamine clearance: influence of estrogen.

To determine the feasibility of assessing dopamine uptake using in vitro superfusion, striatal tissue from ovariectomized female rats was infused with dopamine (1 microM), nomifensine (1 mM), or a combination of dopamine and nomifensine. Treatment…

Tags: 1999, Animals, Brain research, Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*physiology, Disshon K A, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism/pharmacology, Estradiol/*pharmacology, Female, Kinetics, Nomifensine/*pharmacology, Ovariectomy, Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Type VI collagen induces cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for postinfarction remodeling.

Cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and differentiation into hypersecretory myofibroblasts can lead to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production and cardiac fibrosis. In turn, the ECM produced can potentially activate CFs via distinct…

Turnover of histones and histone variants in postnatal rat brain: effects of alcohol exposure.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant public health problem and can result in a continuum of adverse outcomes to the fetus known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Subjects with FASD show significant neurological…

TRPV4 channels mediate cardiac fibroblast differentiation by integrating mechanical and soluble signals.

The phenotypic switch underlying the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into hypersecretory myofibroblasts is critical for cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction. Myofibroblasts facilitate wound repair in the myocardium by secreting…

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. exerts chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.

Due to limited treatment options for advanced-stage metastatic breast cancer, a high priority should be given to develop non-toxic chemopreventive drugs. The value of various natural and dietary agents to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer…

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. displays anti-inflammatory responses during chemically induced rat mammary tumorigenesis through simultaneous and differential regulation of NF-kappaB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.

Trianthema portulacastrum, a medicinal and dietary plant, has gained substantial importance due to its various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. We have recently reported that a characterized T.…

Topographic organization of efferent projections of medial frontal cortex.

By using fluorescent retrograde tracers, we compared efferent projections of the medial frontal cortex to two subcortical areas: the superior colliculus, a somatic motor area, and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, a visceral motor area. Neurons…

Tags: 1993, Animals, Brain Mapping/*methods, Brain research bulletin, Efferent Pathways/physiology, Female, Fluorescent Dyes, Frontal Lobe/*physiology, Male, Microinjections, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Stuesse S L, Superior Colliculi/physiology, Tegmentum Mesencephali/physiology, Zeng D

The noradrenergic component contributing to spinal fentanyl-induced antinociception is supraspinally mediated.

1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with intrathecal (i.t.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) catheters. Fentanyl was injected either i.t. or i.c.v., and the antinociceptive efficacy of fentanyl was evaluated using the tail-flick…

The effects of pregnancy and estrogen on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the uterine cervix, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.

Before parturition the uterine cervix undergoes a ripening process ("softens" and dilates) to allow passage of the fetus at term. The exact mechanism(s) responsible for cervical ripening are unknown, though a role for peptidergic sensory neurons is…

The effects of nicotine on dopamine and DOPAC output from rat striatal tissue.

The effects of varying doses of nicotine infusion upon spontaneous (basal) and subsequent potassium chloride-stimulated dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) output from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments of male rats were…

Tags: 1998, 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/*metabolism, Amphetamine/pharmacology, Anderson L I, Animals, Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology, Corpus Striatum/*drug effects/*metabolism, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, European journal of pharmacology, Ganglionic Stimulants/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Potassium Chloride/pharmacology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The effect of reserpine treatment in vivo upon L-dopa and amphetamine evoked dopamine and DOPAC efflux in vitro from the corpus striatum of male rats.

In the present experiment we tested the effects of L-DOPA and amphetamine upon dopamine and DOPAC efflux in vitro from superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments of male rats who had been pretreated with reserpine. Male rats were treated with…

Tags: 1994, 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/*metabolism, Amphetamine/*pharmacology, Animals, Cell Compartmentation, Corpus Striatum/*drug effects/metabolism, Dluzen D E, Dopamine/*metabolism, Drug Interactions, Journal of neural transmission. General section, Levodopa/*pharmacology, Liu B, Male, Rats, Research Design, Reserpine/*pharmacology, Secretory Rate/drug effects, Sprague-Dawley

The effect of intermittent-release intraperitoneal chemotherapy on wound healing.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the effect on wound healing when intraperitoneal chemotherapy was instilled on a daily basis. STUDY DESIGN: Intraperitoneal carboplatin, Taxol, or saline solution was instilled daily into 70 rats after they…

Tags: 1997, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Carboplatin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Holda S, Hopkins M P, Infusions, Laparotomy, Male, Paclitaxel/administration & dosage/*pharmacology, Parenteral, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Tissue Adhesions/chemically induced, von Gruenigen V E, Weber B, Wound Healing/*drug effects

The effect of immediate intraperitoneal carboplatinum on wound healing.

The effect of introducing intraperitoneal carboplatinum on wound healing immediately after wound closure was studied using a rat model. All animals were opened through a midline incision. A bowel anastomosis was then performed in a single-or…

Tags: 1993, Animals, Carboplatin/*administration & dosage/pharmacology, Clark T, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Gynecologic oncology, Hopkins M P, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Jenison E L, Male, Postoperative Period, Rats, Shellhaas C, Sprague-Dawley, Stakleff K S, Tissue Adhesions/etiology, Wound Healing/*drug effects

The effect of GDNF on nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in response to a two-pulse K(+) stimulation.

We examined the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) upon nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in response to two-pulse potassium (K(+)) stimulation in rats under in vivo microdialysis conditions. The two-pulse infusion…

The discriminative properties of the D1 dopamine agonist dihydrexidine in the rat.

The objective of this study was to train rats to discriminate the interoceptive stimuli produced by a selective dopamine D1 agonist. Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley rats acquired the discrimination of the fully effective, high potency, D1 agonist…

Tags: 1995, Amphetamine/pharmacology, Animals, Apomorphine/pharmacology, Benzazepines/pharmacology, Cocaine/pharmacology, Discrimination (Psychology), Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology, Dopamine D1/*agonists, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Phenanthridines/*pharmacology, Psychopharmacology, Rats, Receptors, Schechter M D, Sprague-Dawley

The aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015, increases release of dopamine: response characteristics.

Addition of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015 (10 microM), to Krebs'-Ringer phosphate (KRP) superfusion medium, significantly increased the release of dopamine in vitro from superfused corpus striatum tissue fragments of male…

Tags: *Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors, 1992, 3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism, Animals, Brain/*drug effects/metabolism, Dluzen D, Dopamine/*metabolism, Hydrazines/*pharmacology, Male, McDermott J, Neuropharmacology, Rats, Reddy A, Sprague-Dawley

The adenosine 2A receptor agonist GW328267C improves lung function after acute lung injury in rats.

There is a significant unmet need for treatments of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary mechanism that leads to resolution of alveolar and pulmonary edema is active vectorial Na(+) and…

Tags: 2012, Acute Lung Injury/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology, Adenosine A2A/*chemistry, Adenosine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, Amiloride/pharmacology, Animals, Biological Transport, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism, Endotoxemia/*drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology, Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers, Epithelial Sodium Channels/metabolism, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology, Folkesson Hans G, Immunoblotting, Kuzenko Stephanie R, Lipson David A, Male, Matthay Michael A, Pneumonia/*drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology, Pulmonary Alveoli/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism, Pulmonary Edema/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology, Rats, Receptor, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Simmons Mark A, Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology, Sprague-Dawley, Triazoles/*therapeutic use

TGFbeta1, TNFalpha, and insulin signaling crosstalk in regulation of the rat cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene expression.

The TGFbeta1/Smad pathway plays a critical role in cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Previous studies show that TGFbeta1, TNFalpha, and insulin inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene transcription and bile acid synthesis in human…

Testosterone causes direct relaxation of rat thoracic aorta.

Several recent studies have provided evidence that gonadal steroid hormones can exert acute (nongenomic) effects on both neural and vascular tissues. This study examines the acute effects of testosterone (T) on vascular reactivity of the rat thoracic…

Suppression of the inflammatory cascade is implicated in resveratrol chemoprevention of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.

PURPOSE: Resveratrol, present in grapes and red wine, has been found to prevent diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-initiated rat liver tumorigenesis, though the chemopreventive mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The current study was designed to…

Suppression of inflammatory cascade is implicated in methyl amooranin-mediated inhibition of experimental mammary carcinogenesis.

Breast cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide and preventive therapy could reverse or delay the devastating impact of this disease. Methyl-amooranin (methyl-25-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate,…

Substance P in the uterine cervix, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord during pregnancy and the effect of estrogen on SP synthesis.

Prior to parturition the non-pliable uterine cervix undergoes a ripening process ("softens" and dilates) to allow a timely passage of the fetus at term. The exact mechanism(s) triggering and involved in cervical ripening are unknown, though evidence…

Strain differences in neuropathic hyperalgesia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate strain-related differences in the onset and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia following the induction of peripheral nerve injury in two inbred strains of rats (Fischer 344 and Lewis) and two outbred…

Tags: 2000, Animals, Chronic Disease, Crisp T, Cruce W L, Cytokines/physiology, Hyperalgesia/*etiology, Inbred F344, Inbred Lew, Ligation, Lovell J A, Male, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Rats, Sciatic Nerve/physiology, Species Specificity, Sprague-Dawley, Stuesse S L, Wistar

Stability of myosin heavy chain isoforms in selectively denervated adult rat muscle spindles.

BACKGROUND: Rat intrafusal fibers consist of multiple isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) whose expression involves complex interactions among motor neurons, sensory neurons, and muscle cells during spindle development. Little is known about the…

Sexual dimorphism in prostanoid-potentiated vascular contraction: roles of endothelium and ovarian steroids.

The effects of constrictor prostanoid (CP) pathway inhibitors on vascular reactivity to vasopressin (VP) and phenylephrine (PE) were examined in thoracic aortas of male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats. Maximal contractile…

Sex differences in nitric oxide-mediated attenuation of vascular reactivity to vasopressin are abolished by gonadectomy.

In the rat thoracic aorta, contractile responses to vasopressin are two-fold higher in females than in males, primarily because nitric oxide-mediated attenuation of contraction is greater in males than in females. To determine the role of the gonadal…

Sex differences in extracellular and intracellular calcium-mediated vascular reactivity to vasopressin in rat aorta.

In rat thoracic aorta, contractile responses to arginine vasopressin are two-fold higher in females than in males. To determine the roles of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ in this sexual dimorphism in vascular function, vascular reactivity and…

Serotonergic mediation of fenfluramine discriminative stimuli in fawn-hooded rats.

Fenfluramine, a drug that induces increased synaptic serotonin, was used to train Fawn-Hooded rats in a drug discrimination paradigm. This strain of rats is thought to possess a genetic serotonin storage abnormality. The intent of the study was to…

Serotonergic involvement in the regulation of prolactin and vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA expression in the rat anterior pituitary.

These studies examined the contribution of serotonin (5-HT) to the control of prolactin (PRL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) messenger RNA expression in rat anterior pituitary. Daily injection of rats with the biosynthetic precursor to…

Sensory nerves and neuropeptides in uterine cervical ripening.

At the time of parturition (fetal delivery) the uterine cervix must "ripen," becoming soft, pliable, and dilated to accommodate the fetus' delivery. The fundamental processes underlying cervical ripening remain poorly understood. Knowledge that…

Selective Targeting of Heme Protein in Cytochrome P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthase by Diphenyleneiodonium.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes mediate mixed-function oxidation reactions important in drug metabolism. The aromatic heterocyclic cation, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), binds flavin in cytochrome P450 reductase and inhibits

Secure cranial-mount intrathecal cannulation - a spinal administration technique in the rat.

In order to identify an acute spinally mediated pharmacological effect of a bioactive substance, without incurring untoward supraspinal effects, it is necessary to administer the agent locally onto the spinal cord. The procedure delineated herein…

Tags: 2000, Analgesics, Anesthesia, Animals, Crisp T, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Injections, Journal of neuroscience methods, Microinjections, Morphine/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Opioid/administration & dosage/pharmacology, Rats, Schechter J B, Spinal Cord/*physiology, Spinal/*instrumentation, Sprague-Dawley, Stereotaxic Techniques/*instrumentation

Scopolamine-physostigmine combination does not substitute for nicotine.

1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg nicotine subcutaneously administered from its saline vehicle in a food-motivated operant discrimination task. Once trained, the discriminative performance was observed to be…

Role of olfactory bulb norepinephrine in the identification and recognition of chemical cues.

In this report the role of olfactory bulb (OB) norepinephrine (NE) in the identification and recognition of urinary chemical cues was examined. In Experiment 1, sexually naive adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either the noradrenergic…

Role of endothelium in sexual dimorphism in vasopressin-induced contraction of rat aorta.

In rat thoracic aorta, contractile responses to arginine vasopressin (AVP) are twofold higher in females than in males. To determine the role of the endothelium in this phenomenon, the effects of endothelium removal and inhibition of nitric oxide…

Rohypnol ("roofies") control of drug discrimination: effect of coadministered ethanol or flumenazil.

The benzodiazepine flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) was employed to control differentially discriminative performance in 10 Sprague-Dawley rats on a food-motivated FR10 schedule. The training dose was 2.5 mg/kg, and 20 min was employed between…

Tags: 1998, Animals, Anti-Anxiety Agents/*pharmacology, Discrimination Learning/*drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Ethanol/*pharmacology, Flumazenil/*pharmacology, Flunitrazepam/*pharmacology, GABA Antagonists/*pharmacology, Male, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Rats, Schechter M D, Sprague-Dawley

RNA interference for CFTR attenuates lung fluid absorption at birth in rats.

BACKGROUND: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against alphaENaC (alpha-subunit of the epithelial Na channel) and CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) was used to explore ENaC and CTFR function in newborn rat lungs. METHODS:…

RNA interference for alpha-ENaC inhibits rat lung fluid absorption in vivo.

We used siRNA against the alpha-ENaC (epithelial Na channel) subunit to investigate ENaC involvement in lung fluid absorption in rats by the impermeable tracer technique during baseline and after beta-adrenoceptor stimulation by terbutaline.…

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