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August 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
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Sinus Bradycardia (Nursing).
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Statpearls
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2021
2021-01
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Hafeez Y; Grossman SA; Pratt NJ
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The sinoatrial node (SA) is the default pacemaker and therefore a crucial component of the heart's conduction system. It is located subepicardially and is crescent in shape. The sinoatrial node is innervated by vagus and sympathetic nerves. The sinoatrial nodal artery supplies blood to the sinoatrial node, it branches off the right coronary artery in 60% of cases, whereas in 40% of cases it comes off the left circumflex coronary artery. Sinus bradycardia is a cardiac rhythm with appropriate cardiac muscular depolarization initiating from the sinus node generating less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Diagnosis of sinus bradycardia requires visualization of an electrocardiogram showing a normal sinus rhythm at a rate lower than 60 bpm. Where a normal sinus rhythm has the following criteria: Regular rhythm, with a P wave before every QRS. P wave is upright in leads 1 and 2, P wave is biphasic in V1. The maximum height of a P wave is less than or equal to 2.5 mm in leads 2 and 3. The rate of the rhythm is between 60 bpm and 100 bpm.
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2021
August 2021 List
bookSection
Grossman SA
Hafeez Y
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
Pratt NJ
StatPearls
-
Text
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Update Year & Number
August 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Uterine Atony.
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Statpearls
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2021
2021-01
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Gill P; Patel A; Van Hook JW
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Uterine atony refers to the corpus uteri myometrial cells inadequate contraction in response to endogenous oxytocin that is released in the course of delivery. It leads to postpartum hemorrhage as delivery of the placenta leaves disrupted spiral arteries which are uniquely void of musculature and dependent on contractions to mechanically squeeze them into a hemostatic state. Uterine atony is a principal cause of postpartum hemorrhage, an obstetric emergency. Globally, this is one of the top 5 causes of maternal mortality.
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bookSection
2021
August 2021 List
bookSection
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill P
NEOMED College of Medicine
Patel A
StatPearls
Van Hook JW
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Text
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Update Year & Number
June 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of General Surgery
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Lower Genitourinary Trauma.
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StatPearls
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2021
2021-01
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Tullington JE; Blecker N
Description
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Traumatic injuries can range from minor wounds to major, complex injuries causing shock and multi-system organ dysfunction. Trauma is the leading cause of death in patients between the ages of 15 and 24. It accounts for approximately 30% of all ICU admissions annually. The lower urogenital (GU) tract is composed of the bladder, urethra, vagina, uterus, ovaries, penis, scrotum, and testes. The lower GU tract is typically protected by the bony pelvis. The pelvis is a ring structure composed of the sacrum, the coccyx, and the innominate bones: the pubis, ischium, and ilium. The innominate bones join anteriorly at the pubic symphysis. Bladder Anatomy The urinary bladder functions as a reservoir. The size, shape, and spatial relation to surrounding organs differs depending on the volume within the bladder. An empty bladder lies within the protection of the bony pelvis. However, as the bladder fills, it extends superiorly into the abdominal cavity and is more prone to traumatic forces. The base of the bladder is closely related to the vagina in females and the rectum in males. The bladder neck is the most inferior portion and is generally the most fixed portion of the bladder. The pubovesical ligaments fix the bladder neck to the pubic bones in both males and females. It is essentially the internal urethral orifice. The anterior bladder is separated from the transverses fascia by adipose tissue, which is the retropubic space (space of Retzius). Bilateral ureters drain into the bladder at the ureteral orifices located on the trigone. The inferolateral surfaces are not covered by peritoneum. In males, the superior portion of the bladder is covered with peritoneum, which continues posteriorly and over the rectum to form the rectovesical pouch. In females, the superior surface is also mostly covered in peritoneum being reflected at the uterus, forming the vesicouterine pouch. The remainder of the superior bladder is separated from the cervix by areolar tissue. As the bladder fills and becomes distended, the anterior portion, which is not covered by peritoneum, is exposed over the pubic bones. The blood supply is mainly from the superior and inferior vesical arteries. These arise from the internal iliac artery. The veins that drain the bladder form a plexus on the inferolateral surface of the bladder and then drain into the internal iliac veins. Lymphatic drainage is generally to the external iliac nodal basin. There is both sympathetic (T10-L2) and parasympathetic (S2-S4) innervation to the bladder, which arises from the pelvic plexus. The bladder consists of 4 layers, the urothelium, lamina propria, muscularis propria, and serosa. The muscularis propria is the detrusor muscle and consists of 3 layers: inner and outer longitudinal and a circular layer. The detrusor is a smooth muscle. It relaxes to allow the bladder to fill and then contracts to empty the bladder. Bladder contraction is via parasympathetic actions. Urethra Anatomy The male urethra is about 18 to 20 cm in length. It is a conduit from the inferior bladder to the external urethral meatus. The posterior urethra is about 4 cm in length and is located above the corpus spongiosum. The prostatic urethra is a portion of the posterior urethra. The lowest portion of the prostatic urethra is fixed in place by the puboprostatic ligament rendering it immobile. The anterior urethra is surrounded by corpus spongiosum. The urethral artery branches from the internal pudendal artery just below the perineal membrane and travels within the spongiosum to the glans penis, giving off branches to the urethra. The dorsal penile artery helps provide blood to the urethra via the circumflex branches. The anterior urethra has venous drainage via the dorsal veins of the penis and the internal pudendal veins. These then drain into the prostatic plexus. The posterior urethra drains into the prostatic and vesicle plexus, which then drains into the internal iliac veins. The posterior urethra generally drains into the internal iliac nodes, whereas the anterior urethra drains into the deep inguinal lymph nodes. The prostatic plexus supplies the prostatic urethra. The internal urethra sphincter receives sympathetic innervation from the pelvic plexus to prevent retrograde ejaculation. Parasympathetic innervation is from S2 to S4. The female urethra is about 4 cm in total length. It is fixed anteriorly by the suspensory ligament of the clitoris and beneath the pubis by the posterior pubourethral ligaments. Female urethras are primarily supplied by the vaginal artery, with some flow coming from the inferior vesicle artery. The urethral veinous plexus drains into the vestal venous plexus around the bladder and into the internal pudendal veins. The lymphatics drain into both the internal and external iliac nodal basins. Parasympathetic innervation, similar to males, originates from the S2 to S4 nerves. Vagina, Uterus, and Ovaries Anatomy Female external genitalia consists of the mons pubis, labia minora and majora, clitoris, vestibule, and vestibular bulb. The mons pubis is the rounded area of adipose tissue anterior to the pubic symphysis. The labia majora are two folds that run longitudinally from the mons pubis to the perineum. Each is composed of adipose tissue, smooth muscles, and a deep membranous layer called Colles fascia, which is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia. The vestibule is the cavity between the labia minora; it contains the vaginal and external urethral orifices. Blood supply to the external genitalia arises from superficial and deep branches of the external pudendal branches of the femoral artery superior and the internal pudendal artery inferiorly. The vagina is a tube structure composed of fibromuscular tissue that goes from the vestibule to the uterus. The anterior vaginal wall supports the inferior bladder and the urethra. The upper portion of the posterior vagina is separated from the rectum by Denonvillier’s fascia and peritoneum (rectouterine pouch). The vagina receives its blood supply from the azygos arteries, which are branches of the uterine artery coming from the internal iliac artery. They run along the anterior and posterior vaginal walls. The venous drainage is via the vaginal veins, which empty into the internal iliac veins. The lymphatic vessels drain into the internal iliac, external iliac, and superficial inguinal basins. The pudendal nerve supplies the lower vagina; S2 to S4 nerves supply the upper vagina. The uterus is a muscular organ that is located between the bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly. The uterus is a mobile organ, so its position can vary depending on the contents of the bladder and rectum. The uterus is very thick and muscular. It is composed of three layers: inner endometrium, middle myometrium, and the outer serosa. The anterior surface is covered in peritoneum that folds back to the bladder (uterovesical fold), whereas the posterior surface’s peritoneum continues onto the rectum (rectouterine pouch, or pouch of Douglas). The cervix communicates with the uterus at the internal os and the vaginal canal at the external os. The uterus receives its blood supply from the uterine artery. The uterine artery branches from the internal iliac and traverses the ureter anteriorly at the broad ligament. It is important to remember this relationship to avoid injury to the ureter while ligating the uterine artery. It then inserts into the uterus around the uterocervical junction. The uterine veins drain into the internal iliac veins. The lymphatic vessels drain into three nodal basins: the internal iliac, external iliac, and obturator. Innervation to the uterus is primarily from the inferior hypogastric plexus. Fallopian tubes run from the upper body of the uterus, with an opening into the uterus, to the abdominal os where the fimbria extends toward the ovary. The fallopian tube is broken into four sections: intramural, isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. The fimbriae are finger-like projections that extend from the infundibulum toward to ovary and aid in capturing oocytes as they are released from the ovary. Blood supply to the fallopian tubes is from branches of the ovarian and uterine arteries. The lateral two-thirds of the Fallopian tube drains into the pampiniform plexus to the ovarian veins. The medial portion drains into the uterine plexus. The lymphatic vessels drain into the para-aortic nodes and the internal iliac nodal basin. The ovaries lie on each side of the uterus, close to the abdominal wall. The ovaries are suspended in the mesovarium, a double fold of peritoneum. Ovaries consist of an inner medulla and an outer cortex. The ovary is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue called the tunica albuginea. The suspensory ligament attaches to the superolateral surface of the ovary and contains the ovarian vessels and nerve. The ovarian ligament attaches the inferomedial portion of the ovary to the lateral uterus. The ovaries are supplied by the ovarian arteries, which branch directly from the aorta below the renal arteries. The veins draining the ovary form a plexus known as the pampiniform plexus. These form into the ovarian vein, which drains into the inferior vena cava on the right and the left renal vein on the left. Lymphatics drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes. Penis, Scrotum, and Testes Anatomy The penis is composed of four parts: base, shaft, glans, and foreskin (in uncircumcised males). The base is attached to the pubis by two suspensory ligaments, which are continuous with Buck’s fascia. The penis contains 2 columns of erectile tissue: 2 corpus cavernosa anteriorly and the corpus spongiosum posteriorly. The corpus spongiosum enlarges at the distal end and forms the glans of the penis. The glans is covered by foreskin in uncircumcised males. The skin overlying the shaft is mobile due to the lack of connections to the underlying fascia, whereas the skin of the glans is immobile due to its attachment to the underlying tunica albuginea. Under the penile skin lies the dartos fascia of the penis, then the deeper, tougher Buck’s fascia. Buck’s fascia covers both corpus cavernosum and splits to cover the corpus spongiosum. Blood supply to the corporal bodies rises from the penile artery, a branch of the internal pudendal artery. The penile artery has 3 main branches that supply the penis: cavernous artery, bulbourethral artery, and the dorsal penile artery. It is important to note these branches are highly variable. Three venous systems drain the penis: superficial, intermediate, and deep. The superficial system is within the dartos fascia; it forms a single superficial dorsal vein. The superficial dorsal vein is located just below the dartos fascia and ultimately drains into the great saphenous vein. The intermediate drainage occurs through the circumflex and deep dorsal veins. These are located within and deep to Buck’s fascia. They drain into the prostatic plexus. The deep system drains the proximal third of the penis via the deep and crural cavernous veins, ultimately draining into the internal dental vein. Lymphatic vessels drain into the superficial and deep inguinal nodal basins and the internal iliac nodes. The glans penis has the most sensation and is provided by the dorsal nerve. The dorsal nerve runs deep to Buck’s fascia on either side of the deep dorsal vein. Parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to the corpus cavernosa is provided by the cavernous nerve, coming from the pelvic plexus. The scrotum is a dual-chambered sac composed of multiple tissue layers and contains the testicles, the vas deferens, and the epididymis. The scrotal layers include skin, dartos muscle, spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, and the internal spermatic fascia. Dartos is continuous with Colle’s fascia of the perineum and the dartos fascia of the penis. The gubernaculum fixes the testis in place within the scrotum. Arterial supply is from the external pudendal artery (from the femoral artery), scrotal branches of the internal pudendal artery, and cremasteric branches from the inferior epigastric artery. Venous drainage follows the arterial supply. Lymphatic drainage is to the ipsilateral superficial inguinal nodal basins. Innervation is provided by the ilioinguinal nerve (L1), genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2), posterior scrotal branches of the perineal nerve (S2-S4), and the perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3). The testes are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord with the left testis lying lower than the right. Within the testis are the seminiferous tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs within the tubules. The testis is enclosed in a capsule that is composed of 3 layers: tunica vasculosa (innermost), tunica albuginea (middle), and the outer tunica vaginalis. The tunica vasculosa contains a plexus of blood vessels. The tunica albuginea is a dense layer composed mainly of collagen fibers. Posteriorly, it injects inward to form an incomplete fibrous septum within the testis. The tunica vaginalis is an extension of the peritoneal processus vaginalis; failure to obliterate the processus vaginalis results in direct communication between the peritoneal cavity and the scrotum. The testis receives its blood supply from multiple arteries. The testicular artery supplies about two-thirds of the testis. The remaining one-third comes from a combination of small arteries, including the vasal artery and the cremasteric arteries. The testicular artery arises from the aorta. The vasal artery arises from the superior vesicle artery, and the cremasteric artery is a branch of the inferior epigastric artery. The testis drains into the pampiniform plexus, which ultimately forms a single vein that drains into the inferior vena cava on the right and the left renal vein on the left. The lymphatic vessels drain predominantly into the inter-aortocaval and para-caval nodes. Sympathetic innervation is by the T10 nerve; sensory innervation is via T10 and the genitofemoral nerve (L1 and L2).
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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bookSection
2021
Blecker N
bookSection
Department of General Surgery
June 2021 List
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Tullington JE
-
Text
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Update Year & Number
June 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Internal Medicine
NEOMED Student Publications
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Biochemistry, Hemoglobin Synthesis.
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StatPearls
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2021
2021-01
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Farid Y; Bowman NS; Lecat P
Description
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Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes that transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Each hemoglobin molecule is a tetramer made of four polypeptide globin chains. Each globin subunit contains a heme moiety formed of an organic protoporphyrin ring and a central iron ion in the ferrous state (Fe2+). The iron molecule in each heme moiety can bind and unbind oxygen, allowing for oxygen transport in the body. The most common type of hemoglobin in the adult is HbA, which comprises two alpha-globin and two beta-globin subunits. Different globin genes encode each type of globin subunit.[1] The two main components of hemoglobin synthesis are globin production and heme synthesis. Globin chain production occurs in the cytosol of erythrocytes and occurs by genetic transcription and translation. Many studies have shown that the presence of heme induces globin gene transcription. Genes for the alpha chain are on chromosome 16, and genes for the beta chain are on chromosome 11. Heme synthesis occurs in both the cytosol and the mitochondria of erythrocytes. It begins with glycine and succinyl coenzyme A and ends with the production of a protoporphyrin IX ring. The binding of the protoporphyrin to a Fe2+ ion forms the final heme molecule.[2]
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bookSection
2021
bookSection
Bowman NS
Department of Internal Medicine
Farid Y
June 2021 List
Lecat P
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Student Publications
StatPearls
-
Text
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544352/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544352/</a>
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Update Year & Number
March 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
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Anatomy, Head and Neck, Digastric Muscle.
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StatPearls
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2021
2021-01
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Tranchito EN; Bordoni B
Description
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The digastrics are a pair of muscles individually made up of two distinct muscle bellies: the anterior and posterior digastrics. They derive embryonically from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Together, they function in swallowing, chewing, and speech, and serve as important surgical landmarks in neck dissections and are used routinely for reconstruction. Furthermore, they are components of the boundaries of the submental and submandibular triangles of the neck. There are numerous anatomical variants of the digastrics which can be misleading on MRI or CT. Careful consideration of these variations is critical in clinical assessment and surgical planning.
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544352/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544352/</a><a href="http://doi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"></a>
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bookSection
2021
bookSection
Bordoni B
March 2021 List
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Student Publications
StatPearls
Tranchito EN
-
Text
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556070/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556070/</a>
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Update Year & Number
June 2020 Update I
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of General Surgery
Affiliated Hospital
Summa Health System
Dublin Core
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Title
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Pelvic Trauma
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StatPearls
Date
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2020
2020-01
Creator
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Tullington Jessica E; Blecker Nathan
Description
An account of the resource
Traumatic injuries can range from minor wounds to major, complex injuries causing shock and multi-system organ dysfunction. Trauma is the leading cause of death of patients between the ages of 15 and 24. It accounts for approximately 30% of all ICU admissions annually.[1] Pelvic trauma raises concern due to the high energy that is generally required to cause the injury. It is frequently associated with additional injuries, transfusions requirements, and prolonged rehabilitation. The pelvis is a ring structure composed of bone. It consists of the sacrum, coccyx, and the innominate bones: the pubis, ischium, and ilium. The innominate bones join to form the acetabulum. The innominate bones join anteriorly at the pubic symphysis. It contains blood vessels, nerves, urogenital organs, and the rectum. The pelvis is anatomically associated with a number of vascular structures. The aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at about the L4 level. The common iliac arteries then further divide into the internal and external branches at the sacroiliac joint. The superior gluteal artery is the most commonly injured vessel in pelvic trauma; it branches from the internal iliac artery and exits the pelvis at the sciatic notch. Other intrapelvic arteries that are associated with injuries include the inferior gluteal artery, rectal arteries, obturator artery, and the vesical artery. Veins accompany the arteries and are also prone to injury. The proximity of the veins and arteries accounts for the high incidence of combined injury. The seriousness of pelvic fractures comes from the association of other injuries, as well as the potential for hematoma and hemorrhagic shock.[2] Hemorrhage from pelvic fractures is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Nerve injuries are less common than vascular injuries with pelvic trauma. Lumbosacral plexus injuries account for the majority of nerve injuries after pelvic trauma. The plexus is in close proximity to the sacroiliac joint and the acetabulum, two of the more common pelvic injury locations. Root avulsion is possible and is typically only seen in more severe pelvic trauma. The lumbar plexus can be injured, though this is less common. Usually, injury occurs from traction or compression from a retroperitoneal bleed.[3]
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556070/">NBK556070/</a>
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bookSection
2020
Blecker Nathan
Book Chapter
bookSection
Department of General Surgery
June 2020 Update I
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Summa Health System
Tullington Jessica E
-
Text
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544224/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544224/</a>
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NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
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Title
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Neuroanatomy, Superior Colliculus
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StatPearls
Date
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2019
2019
Creator
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Zubricky Ryan D; M Das Joe
Description
An account of the resource
The superior colliculus is a paired structure in the rostral midbrain that is involved in incorporating environmental stimuli and coordinating gaze shifts involving both eye and head movements. It is known as the optic tectum in other vertebrates and contains a topographic map of the contralateral visual field, as well as other inputs from somatosensory and auditory pathways.[1]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544224/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544224/</a>
2019
M Das Joe
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
September 2019 Update
StatPearls
Zubricky Ryan D
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534793/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534793/</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
1905-7
Creator
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Garrett Alexandrea; Geiger Zachary
Description
An account of the resource
The superficial peroneal nerve is also known as the superior fibular nerve. The superficial peroneal nerve originates from the common peroneal nerve alongside the deep peroneal nerve. The superficial peroneal nerve is the smaller of the two nerves.[1] The common peroneal nerve is comprised of fibers from spinal nerves L4 through S1 which itself originates from the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve which is composed of nerve fibers from spinal nerves L4 through S3. The sciatic nerve terminates and bifurcates at the apex of the popliteal fossa and becomes the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve as it wraps around the fibular neck.[2][3] After bifurcation from the common peroneal, the superficial peroneal nerve courses within the peroneus longus muscle.[1] This nerve thus provides motor innervation to the peroneus longus muscle. Additionally, the nerve also innervates the peroneus brevis muscle.[1] The nerve exits through the peroneal muscles on the anterolateral aspect of the lower half of the lower leg approximately 12 cm above the ankle joint at a defect in the crural fascia also known as the deep fascia of the leg.[1] The remainder of the nerve has sensory function provided by two branches inferiorly which are known as the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (the larger of the two branches) and the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve. These nerves provide sensory innervation to the anterolateral aspect of the leg, the dorsum of the foot, and the dorsal aspect of the toes with the exception of the first web space.[1] The first web space is innervated by the dorsal peroneal nerve.[4]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534793/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534793/</a>
2019
Garrett Alexandrea
Geiger Zachary
June 2019 Update
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459193/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459193/</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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Title
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Acute Eclampsia
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
1905-07
Creator
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Gill Prabhcharan; Tamirisa Anita P; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Eclampsia is a uniquely pregnancy-related disorder that manifests as new onset of generalized tonic colonic seizures. It typically occurs after 20 weeks of concluded gestation, although it may occur sooner with plural gestations or molar pregnancies, and may additionally occur in the 6-week postpartum window. It represents the severe end of the preeclampsia spectrum. Preeclampsia spectrum includes symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, severe headaches or vision changes, and may involve hepatic abnormalities (such as elevated liver transaminases with right upper quadrant/epigastric discomfort), elevated blood pressures, and also may include thrombocytopenia, renal abnormalities, and pulmonary edema. In developed countries, resultant maternal mortality may be as high as 1.8%, and in the developing countries, it may be as high as 14%.[1]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459193/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459193/</a>
2019
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill Prabhcharan
June 2019 Update
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Tamirisa Anita P
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
URL Address
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/</a>
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Affiliated Hospital
Aultman Hospital
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Uterine Atony
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Uterine atony refers to the corpus uteri myometrial cells inadequate contraction in response to endogenous oxytocin that is released in the course of delivery. It leads to postpartum hemorrhage as delivery of the placenta leaves disrupted spiral arteries which are uniquely void of musculature and dependent on contractions to mechanically squeeze them into a hemostatic state. Uterine atony is a principal cause of postpartum hemorrhage, an obstetric emergency. Globally, this is one of the top 5 causes of maternal mortality.[1]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/</a>
2019
Aultman Hospital
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill Prabhcharan
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Affiliated Hospital
Aultman Hospital
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Twin Births
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Twin births account for approximately 3% of live births and 97% of multiple bouts in the United States. In the absence of assisted reproductive technology, dizygotic twins are far more common than monozygotic twins and account for 70% of all twin gestations. Whereas the instance of dizygotic twins is variable in different populations, the prevalence of monozygotic twinning is globally constant at 3 to 5 per a thousand births. Except for post-term pregnancy and fetal macrosomia, pregnancy-related risks are exaggerated. Preterm birth is a prominent risk associated with twin gestations with others at risk for fetal growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and abnormal placentation. Other obstetric risks that increase include the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Twin gestation in itself is not an adequate obstetric diagnosis. Definition of the placental chronicity is essential, as monochorionic twin gestations have unique risks associated with them that deserves surveillance.[1]
2019
Aultman Hospital
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill Prabhcharan
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
URL Address
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/</a>
Search for Full-text
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<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/</a>
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Affiliated Hospital
Aultman Hospital
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Abnormal Labor
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Normal labor is characterized by regular and painful uterine contractions that conclude in progressive in labor. A discussion on abnormal labor patterns is reviewed as abnormalities of the first stage (cervical dilation to complete cervical dilation) and the second stage (descent of the presenting part leading to delivery of the baby). The third stage of labor describes expulsion of the placenta. An overview of labor abnormalities encompasses all the stages of labor. First and second-stage abnormalities are described either as protraction disorders (which means that delivery is progressing but is lower than normal) or as arrest disorders (complete cessation in progress). Abnormal third-stage labor meriting intervention is placenta retention beyond 30 minutes, as most third stages are concluded within the first 10 to 20 minutes of delivery.[1]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493238/</a>
2019
Aultman Hospital
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill Prabhcharan
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Induction of Labor
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2019
2019-01
Creator
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Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
This article reviews of methodologies for the induction of uterine contractions so that labor may occur. Physicians induce labor to promote vaginal delivery and to prevent complications of obstetric intervention. These complications are diverse and lead to cesarean section. Labor induction rates levels rose from 9.5% in 1992 to as high as 23.8% in 2010. The rates have been fairly stable since then.[1]
2019
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gill Prabhcharan
NEOMED College of Medicine
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Anatomy, Head and Neck, Deep Petrosal Nerve
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Goosmann Madeline M; Dalvin Mark
Description
An account of the resource
The deep petrosal nerve is a branch from the internal carotid plexus.[1] The plexus is located on the lateral side of the internal carotid as it courses superiorly. The deep petrosal enters the skull through the carotid canal with the internal carotid artery.[1] Without passing completely through the carotid canal, the deep petrosal travels perpendicular to the canal in another bony canal called foramen lacerum. The foramen lacerum is closed with cartilaginous substance superficially. The location of this foramen is between the body of sphenoid where the greater wing of the sphenoid and pterygoid plate meets anteriorly, petrous temporal bone laterally, and basilar occipital bone medially.[1] In foramen lacerum, the deep petrosal nerve joins with the greater petrosal nerve to form the vidian nerve also called the nerve of the pterygoid canal.[1][2][3] The vidian nerve carries parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine ganglion, otherwise known as the sphenopalatine ganglion.[4] Parasympathetic fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion, whereas sympathetic fibers pass through without synapsing.[1][5] The fibers carried by the deep petrosal nerve originated in the intermediate gray horn of the spinal cord around the level of T1, traveled superiorly through the sympathetic chain, and synapsed in the superior cervical ganglion located around the level of C2-C3.[1] Because the sympathetic fibers have already synapsed, they do not synapse again in the pterygopalatine ganglion. The sympathetic fibers continue after the pterygopalatine ganglion to run along the zygomatic nerve to blood vessels and secretomotor elements in the lacrimal gland, nose, and oral cavity.[1]
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Dalvin Mark
Goosmann Madeline M
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Uterine Atony
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Uterine atony refers to the corpus uteri myometrial cells inadequate contraction in response to endogenous oxytocin that is released in the course of delivery. It leads to postpartum hemorrhage as delivery of the placenta leaves disrupted spiral arteries which are uniquely void of musculature and dependent on contractions to mechanically squeeze them into a hemostatic state. Uterine atony is a principal cause of postpartum hemorrhage, an obstetric emergency. Globally, this is one of the top 5 causes of maternal mortality.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Gill Prabhcharan
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Pregnancy, Twins
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Twin births account for approximately 3% of live births and 97% of multiple bouts in the United States. In the absence of assisted reproductive technology, dizygotic twins are far more common than monozygotic twins and account for 70% of all twin gestations. Whereas the instance of dizygotic twins is variable in different populations, the prevalence of monozygotic twinning is globally constant at 3 to 5 per a thousand births. Except for post-term pregnancy and fetal macrosomia, pregnancy-related risks are exaggerated. Preterm birth is a prominent risk associated with twin gestations with others at risk for fetal growth restriction, congenital anomalies, and abnormal placentation. Other obstetric risks that increase include the risk of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Twin gestation in itself is not an adequate obstetric diagnosis. Definition of the placental chronicity is essential, as monochorionic twin gestations have unique risks associated with them that deserves surveillance.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Gill Prabhcharan
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Labor, Abnormal
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Normal labor is characterized by regular and painful uterine contractions that conclude in progressive in labor. A discussion on abnormal labor patterns is reviewed as abnormalities of the first stage (cervical dilation to complete cervical dilation) and the second stage (descent of the presenting part leading to delivery of the baby). The third stage of labor describes expulsion of the placenta. An overview of labor abnormalities encompasses all the stages of labor. First and second-stage abnormalities are described either as protraction disorders (which means that delivery is progressing but is lower than normal) or as arrest disorders (complete cessation in progress). Abnormal third-stage labor meriting intervention is placenta retention beyond 30 minutes, as most third stages are concluded within the first 10 to 20 minutes of delivery.
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Gill Prabhcharan
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Acute Eclampsia
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
Eclampsia is a uniquely pregnancy-related disorder that manifests as new onset of generalized tonic colonic seizures. It typically occurs after 20 weeks of concluded gestation, although it may occur sooner with plural gestations or molar pregnancies, and may additionally occur in the 6-week postpartum window. It represents the severe end of the preeclampsia spectrum. Preeclampsia spectrum includes symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, severe headaches or vision changes, and may involve hepatic abnormalities (such as elevated liver transaminases with right upper quadrant/epigastric discomfort), elevated blood pressures, and also may include thrombocytopenia, renal abnormalities, and pulmonary edema. In developed countries, resultant maternal mortality may be as high as 1.8%, and in the developing countries, it may be as high as 14%.[1]
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Gill Prabhcharan
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Calf Deep Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Garrett Alexandrea; Geiger Zachary
Description
An account of the resource
The deep peroneal nerve is also known as the deep fibular nerve. It originates after the bifurcation of the common peroneal nerve between the upper segment of the peroneus longus and the head of the fibula.[1] The common peroneal nerve (spinal nerves L4 through S1) itself originates from the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve (spinal nerves L4 through S3) which terminates at the apex of the popliteal fossa into the common peroneal and the tibial nerve after wrapping around the neck of the fibula.[2],[3] After bifurcation from the common peroneal nerve, the deep peroneal nerve then traverses deep to the extensor digitorum longus and runs on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane.[1] In the middle of the leg, it is in close association with the anterior tibial artery and then descends with the artery to lie in front of the ankle joint. Here, it gives off the lateral and medial terminal branches. The medial terminal branch accompanies the dorsalis pedis and runs on the dorsum of the foot reaching the first interosseous space where it divides into digital nerves that supply the side of the great and second toes. The lateral terminal branch runs beneath the extensor digitorum brevis and gives off interosseous branches that supply the tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints.[1]
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Garrett Alexandrea
Geiger Zachary
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Superficial Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Garrett Alexandrea; Geiger Zachary
Description
An account of the resource
The superficial peroneal nerve is also known as the superior fibular nerve. The superficial peroneal nerve originates from the common peroneal nerve alongside the deep peroneal nerve. The superficial peroneal nerve is the smaller of the two nerves.[1] The common peroneal nerve is comprised of fibers from spinal nerves L4 through S1 which itself originates from the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve which is composed of nerve fibers from spinal nerves L4 through S3. The sciatic nerve terminates and bifurcates at the apex of the popliteal fossa and becomes the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve as it wraps around the fibular neck.[2][3] After bifurcation from the common peroneal, the superficial peroneal nerve courses within the peroneus longus muscle.[1] This nerve thus provides motor innervation to the peroneus longus muscle. Additionally, the nerve also innervates the peroneus brevis muscle.[1] The nerve exits through the peroneal muscles on the anterolateral aspect of the lower half of the lower leg approximately 12 cm above the ankle joint at a defect in the crural fascia also known as the deep fascia of the leg.[1] The remainder of the nerve has sensory function provided by two branches inferiorly which are known as the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (the larger of the two branches) and the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve. These nerves provide sensory innervation to the anterolateral aspect of the leg, the dorsum of the foot, and the dorsal aspect of the toes with the exception of the first web space.[1] The first web space is innervated by the dorsal peroneal nerve.[4]
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Garrett Alexandrea
Geiger Zachary
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Biochemistry, Hemoglobin Synthesis
Publisher
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StatPearls
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
2018-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Farid Yostina; Lecat Paul
Description
An account of the resource
Hemoglobin is an oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes which transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues. Each hemoglobin molecule is a tetramer made of four polypeptide globin chains. Each globin subunit contains a heme moiety formed of an organic protoporphyrin ring and a central iron ion in the ferrous state (Fe2+). The iron molecule in each heme moiety can bind and unbind oxygen, allowing for oxygen transport in the body. The most common type of hemoglobin in the adult is HbA, which comprises two alpha-globin and two beta-globin subunits. Different globin genes encode each type of globin subunit.[1] The two main components of hemoglobin synthesis are globin production and heme synthesis. Globin chain production occurs in the cytosol of erythrocytes and occurs by genetic transcription and translation. Many studies have shown that the presence of heme induces globin gene transcription. Genes for the alpha chain are on chromosome 16 and genes for the beta chain are on chromosome 11. Heme synthesis occurs in both the cytosol and the mitochondria of erythrocytes. It begins with glycine and succinyl coenzyme A and ends with the production of a protoporphyrin IX ring. Binding of the protoporphyrin to an Fe2+ ion forms the final heme molecule.[2]
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
Farid Yostina
Lecat Paul
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Student Publications
StatPearls
-
Text
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Duplex Ultrasound
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StatPearls
Date
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2018
2018-01
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Cheung Maureen E; Firstenberg Michael S
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Duplex ultrasound is a specialized interpretation of ultrasound waves and an integral tool in medical diagnosis and therapy today. Duplex ultrasonography combines the principles of anatomic and flow ultrasonography to deliver diagnostic information to the interpreter[1]. Doppler ultrasonography refers to the utilization and application of the Doppler effect to sound wave information to interpret movement or flow within tissues[2]. It is important to have a basic understanding of the technology and related physical principles to read and interpret duplex ultrasonography. These principles include the Doppler effect, electronic gating, and varying methods of wave generation[3].
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Cheung Maureen E
Firstenberg Michael S
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Anatomy, Thorax, Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
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StatPearls
Date
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2018
2018-01
Creator
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Burlew Jacob T; Banks Kevin P
Description
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The mediastinal compartment contains multiple critical organs and vessels and serves as the central hub for lymphatic drainage. The mediastinum is classically subdivided into three functional divisions: anterior (pre-vascular), middle (visceral), and posterior (paravertebral) mediastinum. These subdivisions are used to describe the locations of lesions, thereby helping to facilitate a differential diagnosis and communication between providers. Lymph nodes (LNs) are present in all three functional compartments of the mediastinum, though most lymphatic tissue is found in the anterior and middle compartments, and the etiology of lymphatic pathology varies by subdivision. Dividing the mediastinum helps to narrow down the lengthy differential diagnoses which can present in the thorax (including, but not limited to: infections like tuberculosis, nodal spread of lung cancer, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, silicosis, and asbestosis). In contrast to the functional subdivisions, intrathoracic LN locations have been traditionally mapped into 14 stations according to their relationship to landmarks encountered during mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy for lung cancer. Stations 1-9 correspond to mediastinal nodal groups, while stations 10-14 represent hilar and other more peripheral extra mediastinal nodal groups. The most current map of intrathoracic lymph nodes is the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) map. The IASLC atlas supersedes all previous schema and reconciles discrepancies among older popular systems such as the Naruke lymph node classification and the Mountain-Dresler modified version of the American Thoracic Society lymph node map.[1][2][3][4]
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Banks Kevin P
Burlew Jacob T
StatPearls
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Induction of Labor
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StatPearls
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2018
2018-01
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Gill Prabhcharan; Van Hook MD James W
Description
An account of the resource
This article reviews of methodologies for the induction of uterine contractions so that labor may occur. Physicians induce labor to promote vaginal delivery and to prevent complications of obstetric intervention. These complications are diverse and lead to cesarean section. Labor induction rates levels rose from 9.5% in 1992 to as high as 23.8% in 2010. The rates have been fairly stable since then.
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2018
Gill Prabhcharan
StatPearls
Van Hook MD James W