Immunohistochemical localization of serotonin, leu-enkephalin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and substance P within the visceral sensory area of cartilaginous fish.
*Brain Chemistry; Animals; Antibodies; Brain Stem/cytology; Enkephalin; Fishes; Immunohistochemistry; Leucine/*analysis; Medulla Oblongata/cytology; Serotonin/*analysis; Substance P/*analysis; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*analysis
We examined the distribution of immunoreactivity to serotonin (5-HT), leu-enkephalin (LENK), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), and substance P (SP) within the primary visceral sensory region of cartilaginous fish. Two genera of sharks, Squalus and Heterodontus, a skate, Raja, a ray, Myliobatis, and a holocephalian, Hydrolagus, were used. Cranial nerves, VII, IX, and X enter the visceral sensory complex from the lateral aspect and divide it into lobes. Based on sagittally cut sections, there are four lobes in Hydrolagus and five in Squalus, corresponding to the number of gill arches. The neurochemicals are differentially distributed within each lobe. LENK+ and 5-HT+ fibers are located in all regions within the visceral sensory complex. SP+ fibers are extremely dense in a dorsolateral subdivision and do not extend as far ventrally as 5-HT+ and LENK+ fibers. The lobes lack 5-HT+ cells, but contain a few LENK+ and SP+ cells. Many TH+ cells are distributed in dorsomedial portions of the complex, but there are few TH+ fibers. Thus, the visceral sensory area of cartilaginous fish contains several divisions that can be distinguished by their neurochemical content.
Stuesse S L; Stuesse D C; Cruce W L
Cell and tissue research
1992
1992-05
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00318799" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00318799</a>
Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens.
*Stilbamidines; Animals; Brain Stem/*chemistry/cytology; Enkephalins/*analysis; Fluorescent Dyes; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Rana pipiens/*metabolism; Somatostatin/*analysis; Spinal Cord/chemistry/cytology; Substance P/*analysis
The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.
Stuesse S L; Adli D S; Cruce W L
Microscopy research and technique
2001
2001-08
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1135" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jemt.1135</a>