1
40
3
-
Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.897" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.897</a>
Pages
e897–e897
Volume
3
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Organization and distribution of glomeruli in the bowhead whale olfactory bulb.
Publisher
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PeerJ
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
1905-7
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cetacea; Baleen whale; Brain; Mysticeti; Olfactory marker protein; Olfactory receptor
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kishida Takushi; Thewissen J G M; Usip Sharon; Suydam Robert S; George John C
Description
An account of the resource
Although modern baleen whales (Mysticeti) retain a functional olfactory system that includes olfactory bulbs, cranial nerve I and olfactory receptor genes, their olfactory capabilities have been reduced to a great degree. This reduction likely occurred as a selective response to their fully aquatic lifestyle. The glomeruli that occur in the olfactory bulb can be divided into two non-overlapping domains, a dorsal domain and a ventral domain. Recent molecular studies revealed that all modern whales have lost olfactory receptor genes and marker genes that are specific to the dorsal domain. Here we show that olfactory bulbs of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) lack glomeruli on the dorsal side, consistent with the molecular data. In addition, we estimate that there are more than 4,000 glomeruli elsewhere in the bowhead whale olfactory bulb, which is surprising given that bowhead whales possess only 80 intact olfactory receptor genes. Olfactory sensory neurons that express the same olfactory receptors in rodents generally project to two specific glomeruli in an olfactory bulb, implying an approximate 1:2 ratio of the number of olfactory receptors to the number of glomeruli. Here we show that this ratio does not apply to bowhead whales, reiterating the conceptual limits of using rodents as model organisms for understanding the initial coding of odor information among mammals.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.897" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.7717/peerj.897</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2015
Baleen whale
Brain
Cetacea
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George John C
Kishida Takushi
Mysticeti
NEOMED College of Medicine
Olfactory marker protein
Olfactory receptor
PeerJ
Suydam Robert S
Thewissen J G M
Usip Sharon
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1086/676309" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1086/676309</a>
Pages
576–584
Issue
4
Volume
87
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones.
Publisher
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Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2014
2014-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amino Acids; Animals; Apatites; Artiodactyla/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Bone and Bones/*chemistry; Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Minerals; Phylogeny; Trichechus/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kim Sora L; Thewissen J G M; Churchill Morgan M; Suydam Robert S; Ketten Darlene R; Clementz Mark T
Description
An account of the resource
Abstract Cetaceans are obligate aquatic mammals derived from terrestrial artiodactyls. The defining characteristic of cetaceans is a thick and dense lip (pachyosteosclerotic involucrum) of an ear bone (the tympanic). This unique feature is absent in modern terrestrial artiodactyls and is suggested to be important in underwater hearing. Here, we investigate the mineralogical and biochemical properties of the involucrum, as these may hold clues to the aquatic adaptations of cetaceans. We compared bioapatites (enamel, dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone) of cetaceans with those of terrestrial artiodactyls and pachyosteosclerotic ribs of manatees (Sirenia). We investigated organic, carbonate, and mineral composition as well as crystal size and crystallinity index. In all studied variables, bioapatites of the cetacean involucrum were intermediate in composition and structure between those of tooth enamel on the one hand and those of dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone on the other. We also studied the amino acid composition of the cetacean involucrum relative to that of other skeletal bone. The central involucrum had low glycine and hydroxyproline concentrations but high concentrations of nonessential amino acids, unlike most bone samples but similar to the tympanic of hippos and the (pachyosteosclerotic) ribs of manatees. These amino acid results are evidence of rapid bone development. We hypothesize that the mineralogical and amino acid composition of cetacean bullae differs from that of other bone because of (1) functional modifications for underwater sound reception and (2) structural adaptations related to rapid ossification.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1086/676309" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1086/676309</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2014
Amino Acids
Animals
Apatites
Artiodactyla/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Bone and Bones/*chemistry
Churchill Morgan M
Clementz Mark T
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Ketten Darlene R
Kim Sora L
Minerals
NEOMED College of Medicine
Phylogeny
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ
Suydam Robert S
Thewissen J G M
Trichechus/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190498" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190498</a>
Pages
e0190498–e0190498
Issue
1
Volume
13
Dublin Core
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Title
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Validation of Growth Layer Group (GLG) depositional rate using daily incremental growth lines in the dentin of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) teeth.
Publisher
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PloS one
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2018
1905-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; *Beluga Whale; Dentin/*growth & development; Tooth/*growth & development
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Waugh David A; Suydam Robert S; Ortiz Joseph D; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
Counts of Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) in the dentin of marine mammal teeth are widely used as indicators of age. In most marine mammals, observations document that GLGs are deposited yearly, but in beluga whales, some studies have supported the view that two GLGs are deposited each year. Our understanding of beluga life-history differs substantially depending on assumptions regarding the timing of GLG deposition; therefore, resolving this issue has important considerations for population assessments. In this study, we used incremental lines that represent daily pulses of dentin mineralization to test the hypothesis that GLGs in beluga dentin are deposited on a yearly basis. Our estimate of the number of daily growth lines within one GLG is remarkably close to 365 days within error, supporting the hypothesis that GLGs are deposited annually in beluga. We show that measurement of daily growth increments can be used to validate the time represented by GLGs in beluga. Furthermore, we believe this methodology may have broader applications to age estimation in other taxa.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190498" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1371/journal.pone.0190498</a>
Rights
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Beluga Whale
2018
Animals
Dentin/*growth & development
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
NEOMED College of Medicine
Ortiz Joseph D
PloS one
Suydam Robert S
Thewissen J G M
Tooth/*growth & development
Waugh David A