Estrogen, Testosterone, And Methamphetamine Toxicity
17-beta-estradiol; c57/b1 mice; differences; female; gonadal steroids; inhibition; mptp-induced neurotoxicity; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection; neurotoxicity; nigrostriatal; nigrostriatal dopaminergic system; parkinsons-disease; sex; sexual differences; striatum; tamoxifen
Dluzen D E; McDermott J L
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs of Abuse and Neurotoxicity: Cocaine, Ghb, and Substituted Amphetamines
2006
2006
Book Chapter
n/a
Estrogen, Anti-estrogen, And Gender - Differences In Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity
breast cancer; dopamine; environmental-temperature; GFAP; in-vivo; mediated neuroprotection; mptp-induced neurotoxicity; nigrostriatal; nigrostriatal dopaminergic system; PAI-1; parkinsons-disease; parkinsons-disease; rat-brain; sex-differences; sexual differences; striatal dopamine; tamoxifen; testosterone; thermoregulation
Dluzen D E; McDermott J L
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Drugs of Abuse Ii: Cocaine, Substituted Amphetamines, Ghb, and Opiates
2002
2002
Book Chapter
n/a
Low locoregional recurrence rate among node-negative breast cancer patients with tumors 5 cm or larger treated by mastectomy, with or without adjuvant systemic therapy and without radiotherapy: Results from five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized clinical trials
chemotherapy; irradiation; Oncology; postmastectomy radiotherapy; postoperative radiotherapy; premenopausal women; radiation-therapy; receptor-positive tumors; risk-factors; sequential methotrexate; tamoxifen
Purpose Lymph node (LN)-negative breast cancer tumors >= 5 cm occur infrequently, and their optimal management is not well defined. In this study, we assess patterns of locoregional failure (LRF) in LN-negative patients who underwent mastectomy, either with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy and without postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). Patients and Methods Of 8,878 breast cancer patients enrolled onto National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-13, B-14, B-19, B-20, and B-23 node-negative trials, 313 had tumors that were 5 cm or larger (median, 5.5 cm; range, 5.0 to 15.5 cm) at pathology and were treated by mastectomy. Median follow-up time was 15.1 years. Therapy included adjuvant chemotherapy in 34.2% of patients; tamoxifen in 21.1%; chemotherapy plus tamoxifen in 19.2%; and no systemic therapy in 25.5%. Results Twenty-eight patients experienced LRF. The overall 10-year cumulative incidences of isolated LRF, LRF with and without distant failure (DF) and DF alone as first event were 7.1%, 10.0%, and 23.6%, respectively. cumulative incidences for isolated LRF as first event for patients with tumors of 5 cm or more than 5 cm were 7.0% and 7.2%, respectively (P=.9). For patients who underwent no systemic treatment, chemotherapy alone, tamoxifen alone, of chemotherapy plus tamoxifen, the incidences were 12.6%, 5.6%, 4.6%, and 5.3%, respectively (P=.2). The majority of failures occurred on the chest wall (24 of 28 patients). Multivariate analysis did not identify significant prognostic factors for LRF. Conclusion In patients with LN-negative tumors >= 5 cm who are treated by mastectomy with or without adjuvant systemic therapy and no PMRT, LRF as first event remains low. PMRT should not be routinely used for these patients.
Taghian A G; Jeong J H; Mamounas E P; Parda D S; Deutsch M; Costantino J P; Wolmark N
Journal of Clinical Oncology
2006
2006-08
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.9054" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1200/jco.2006.06.9054</a>
TAMOXIFEN AND ESTROGEN LOWER CIRCULATING LIPOPROTEIN(A) CONCENTRATIONS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
binding-proteins; breast-cancer; cardiovascular risk-factors; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; coronary heart-disease; estrogen replacement; growth factor-i; insulin-like growth factor i; lipoprotein(a); lp(a) lipoprotein; menopause; replacement therapy; serum lipoprotein(a); smooth-muscle cells; somatomedin-c; tamoxifen; therapy
Data in the literature suggest that circulating levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) respond similarly to therapy with growth hormone, estrogen, or tamoxifen. To more clearly document these relations, we designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of tamoxifen and continuous estrogen on circulating levels of Lp(a), IGF-I, and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in healthy postmenopausal women. Both estrogen and tamoxifen decreased serum levels of IGF-I to 30% below baseline during the 3 months of treatment, while IGFBP-3 levels were unchanged. Plasma Lp(a) levels decreased to 24% below baseline after 1 month of treatment with either estrogen or tamoxifen (P < .05 for estrogen only); after 3 months Lp(a) decreased to 34% below baseline with tamoxifen therapy (P < .05) but returned to only 16% below baseline with estrogen. The correlation between Lp(a) and IGF-I was highly significant (P < .0001). We conclude that (1) tamoxifen lowers plasma Lp(a) levels in healthy postmenopausal women, (2) the suppressive effects of tamoxifen and estrogen on circulating Lp(a) concentration diverge after the first month of therapy, and (3) circulating levels of Lp(a) and IGF-I are strongly correlated with each other, an indication that they may share regulatory influences.
Shewmon D A; Stock J L; Rosen C J; Heiniluoma K M; Hogue M M; Morrison A; Doyle E M; Ukena T; Weale V; Baker S
Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis
1994
1994-10
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1586" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1586</a>
Impact of the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay Compared With Standard Clinicopathologic Guidelines in Adjuvant Therapy Selection for Node-Negative, Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
chemotherapy; clinical-trials; fluorouracil; gene-expression; Oncology; prognostic signature; randomized-trials; sequential methotrexate; Surgery; tamoxifen; validation; women
Background. The development of multigene assays has proved useful in the clinical management of early-stage breast cancer. The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay has been shown to quantify risk of distant recurrence and predict chemotherapy benefit in node-negative and node-positive, estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. Small, single-institution series have shown that, compared with standard clinicopathologic criteria, use of RS significantly affects adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of RS use and its effect on chemotherapy recommendations in node-negative, ER-positive breast cancer patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patient and tumor characteristics and adjuvant treatment information were obtained on 183 patients with RS results between January 2004 and October 2009. Risk categories were assigned based on the RS and on standard clinicopathologic criteria according to guidelines from NCCN, St. Gallen, and Adjuvant!. Results. A total of 14 patients were excluded for negative ER status (n = 2), insufficient data (n = 4), inclusion in TAILORx trial (n = 7), and recurrent breast cancer (n = 1), leaving 169 patients in the cohort. RS use increased 3-fold over the study period (from 18% in 2004 to 50% in 2009). Tumor grade, ER status, and PR status were significantly correlated with RS category. Overall concordance between RS and NCCN, St. Gallen, and Adjuvant! was 10, 48, and 50%, respectively. Depending on the guideline used for comparison, adjuvant therapy recommendations changed with the addition of the RS in 27-74% of cases. Conclusions. RS use is increasing, and the assay significantly reduced adjuvant chemotherapy utilization in node-negative, ER -positive breast cancer patients.
Partin J F; Mamounas E P
Annals of Surgical Oncology
2011
2011-11
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-1698-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1245/s10434-011-1698-z</a>
Pomegranate exerts chemoprevention of experimentally induced mammary tumorigenesis by suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
*Punicaceae/chemistry; 10-Dimethyl-1; 2-benzanthracene; 9; Animal Studies; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents/*therapeutic use; Apoptosis; Apoptosis/*drug effects; Breast Neoplasms – Mortality; Breast Neoplasms – Prevention and Control; Breast Neoplasms – Risk Factors; Cell Physiology; Cell Proliferation/*drug effects; Diet – Evaluation; Experimental/pathology/*prevention & control; Female; Funding Source; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Human; Immunohistochemistry; Mammary Neoplasms; Mutation; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Neoplasms – Prevention and Control; Phytotherapy; Pomegranate; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis; Rats; Sprague-Dawley; Tamoxifen; United States
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the United States and discovery and development of safe chemopreventive drugs is urgently needed. The fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum) is gaining importance because of its various health benefits. This study was initiated to investigate chemopreventive potential of a pomegranate emulsion (PE) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) rat mammary carcinogenesis. The animals were orally administered with PE (0.2-5.0 g/kg), starting 2 wk before and 16 wk following DMBA treatment. PE exhibited a striking reduction of DMBA-induced mammary tumor incidence, total tumor burden, and reversed histopathological changes. PE dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in mammary tumors. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PE increased intratumor Bax, decreased Bcl2 and manifested a proapoptotic shift in Bax/Bcl2 ratio. In addition, our gene expression study showed PE-mediated upregulation of Bad, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, poly (ADP ribose) polymerase and cytochrome c in mammary tumors. Thus, PE exerts chemoprevention of mammary carcinogenesis by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis mediated through upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl2 in concert with caspase cascades. Pomegranate bioactive phytoconstituents could be developed as a chemopreventive drug to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Bishayee Anupam; Mandal Animesh; Bhattacharyya Piyali; Bhatia Deepak
Nutrition and cancer
2016
1905-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2016.1115094" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1080/01635581.2016.1115094</a>