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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.569" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.569</a>
Pages
569–571
Issue
6
Volume
282
Dublin Core
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Title
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Andrew Jackson's exposure to mercury and lead: poisoned president?
Publisher
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JAMA
Date
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1999
1999-08
Subject
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*Cause of Death; *Famous Persons; 19th Century; Atomic; Chronic/history; Hair/*chemistry; History; Humans; Kidney Failure; Lead Poisoning/etiology/*history; Lead/*analysis; Mercury Compounds/adverse effects/therapeutic use; Mercury Poisoning/etiology/*history; Mercury/*analysis; Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects/therapeutic use; Spectrophotometry; United States
Creator
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Deppisch L M; Centeno J A; Gemmel D J; Torres N L
Description
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Historians have suggested that US president Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) experienced lead and mercury poisoning following his therapeutic use of calomel (mercurous chloride) and sugar of lead (lead acetate). To evaluate these claims, we performed direct physical measurement of 2 samples of Jackson's hair (1 from 1815, 1 from 1839). Following pretreatment and acid digestion, mercury was measured using cold vapor generation techniques, while lead levels were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mercury levels of 6.0 and 5.6 ppm were obtained from the 1815 and 1839 hair specimens, respectively. Lead levels were significantly elevated in both the 1815 sample (mean lead level, 130.5 ppm) and the 1839 sample (mean lead level, 44 ppm). These results suggest that Jackson had mercury and lead exposure, the latter compatible with symptomatic plumbism in the 1815 sample. However, Jackson's death was probably not due to heavy metal poisoning.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.6.569" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1001/jama.282.6.569</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Cause of Death
*Famous Persons
1999
19th Century
Atomic
Centeno J A
Chronic/history
Deppisch L M
Gemmel D J
Hair/*chemistry
History
Humans
JAMA
Kidney Failure
Lead Poisoning/etiology/*history
Lead/*analysis
Mercury Compounds/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Mercury Poisoning/etiology/*history
Mercury/*analysis
Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects/therapeutic use
Spectrophotometry
Torres N L
United States