1
40
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00009</a>
Pages
9
Volume
7
ISSN
2296-858X 2296-858X
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Update Year & Number
June 2020 Update I
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
NEOMED Student Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Global and Historical Distribution of Clostridioides difficile in the Human Diet (1981-2019): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 21886 Samples Reveal Sources of Heterogeneity, High-Risk Foods, and Unexpected Higher Prevalence Toward the Tropic.
Publisher
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Frontiers in medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
1905-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
antibiotic-resistance; beef; c; C. difficile; chicken meat; contamination; difficile; epidemiology; fecal samples; food; global; ground meat-products; one health; resistant staphylococcus-aureus; retail meat; toxin genes; vegetables
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander; Mo Kevin Q; Shah Bhavan U; Msuya Joan; Bijedic Nina; Deshpande Abhishek; Ilic Sanja
Description
An account of the resource
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is a spore-forming bacterium that causes life-threatening intestinal infections in humans. Although formerly regarded as exclusively nosocomial, there is increasing genomic evidence that person-to-person transmission accounts for only <25% of cases, supporting the culture-based hypothesis that foods may be routine sources of CD-spore ingestion in humans. To synthesize the evidence on the risk of CD exposure via foods, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the culture prevalence of CD in foods between January 1981 and November 2019. Meta-analyses, risk-ratio estimates, and meta-regression were used to estimate weighed-prevalence across studies and food types to identify laboratory and geographical sources of heterogeneity. In total, 21886 food samples were tested for CD between 1981 and 2019 (96.4%, n = 21084, 2007-2019; 232 food-sample-sets; 79 studies; 25 countries). Culture methodology, sample size and type, region, and latitude were sources of heterogeneity (p < 0.05). Although non-strictly-anaerobic methods were reported in some studies, and we confirmed experimentally that improper anaerobiosis of media/sample-handling affects CD recovery in agar (Fisher, p < 0.01), most studies (>72%) employed the same (one-of-six) culture strategy. Because the prevalence was also meta-analytically similar across six culture strategies reported, all studies were integrated using three meta-analytical methods. At the study level (n = 79), the four-decade global cumulative-prevalence of CD in the human diet was 4.1% (95%CI = -3.71, 11.91). At the food-set level (n = 232, mean 12.9 g/sample, similar across regions p > 0.2; 95%CI = 9.7-16.2), the weighted prevalence ranged between 4.5% (95%CI = 3-6%; all studies) and 8% (95%CI = 7-8%; only CD-positive-studies). Risk-ratio ranking and meta-regression showed that milk was the least likely source of CD, while seafood, leafy green vegetables, pork, and poultry carried higher risks (p < 0.05). Across regions, the risk of CD in foods for foodborne exposure reproducibly decreased with Earth latitude (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CD in the human diet is a global non-random-source of foodborne exposure that occurs independently of laboratory culture methods, across regions, and at a variable level depending on food type and latitude. The latitudinal trend (high
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00009" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3389/fmed.2020.00009</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Format
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journalArticle
2020
antibiotic-resistance
Beef
Bijedic Nina
c
C. difficile
chicken meat
Contamination
Deshpande Abhishek
difficile
Epidemiology
fecal samples
Food
Frontiers in medicine
global
ground meat-products
Ilic Sanja
Journal Article
journalArticle
June 2020 Update I
Mo Kevin Q
Msuya Joan
NEOMED College of Medicine Student
NEOMED Student Publications
one health
resistant staphylococcus-aureus
retail meat
Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander
Shah Bhavan U
toxin genes
Vegetables
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x</a>
Pages
133–144
Issue
2
Volume
43
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Behaviors and Characteristics of African American and European American Females That Impact Weight Management.
Publisher
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Journal of Nursing Scholarship
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011
Subject
The topic of the resource
Female; Socioeconomic Factors; Aged; Body Mass Index; Income; Exercise; Health Status; Dietary Fats; Fruit; Self Report; Demography; Psychosocial; Human; Questionnaires; Descriptive Statistics; Scales; Data Analysis Software; Comparative Studies; Middle Age; Coefficient Alpha; Confidence; Exploratory Research; Blacks; Whites; Support; Physical Activity; Women; Secondary Analysis; Race Factors; Body Weights and Measures; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Self-Efficacy; Vegetables; Weight Control; Health Behavior – Ethnology; Obesity – Risk Factors
Creator
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Capers Cynthia Flynn; Baughman Kristin; Logue Everett
Description
An account of the resource
This report explores the extent to which sociodemographic and psychosocial factors could explain differences in obesity or dietary and exercise behaviors between middle-aged African American (AA) and European American (EA) women seen in primary care. We focus on 'race × predictor' interactions that could explain how AA and EA women differ in ways that affect the prevalence of obesity. This comparative exploratory study uses data from the baseline examination of the Reasonable Eating and Activity to Change Health (REACH) trial, which included 173 AA women and 278 EA women. Inclusion criteria were membership in one of the study family medicine practices, an elevated body mass index (greater than 27 kg/m), age 40 to 69 years, and no contraindications to increased activity and dietary change. Secondary data analyses were employed. There was evidence of race differences in the level of multiple variables related to weight management but there were only three significant 'race × predictor' interactions out of 48 comparisons: (a) race × physical health, with BMI as the dependent variable; (b) race × the percentage of dietary fat, with total dietary kilocalories as the dependent variable; and (c) race × median income, with exercise minutes per week as the dependent variable. The results support the proposition that the weight management experience of AA and EA primary care women is similar after different exposure levels are taken into account. The results contribute to the body of literature that addresses obesity management for AA and EA women in primary care settings. Findings illustrate the need for obesity prevention and management efforts from both multidisciplinary primary care providers and community-wide public health interventions. AA and EA women have different resources, but the same factors generally influence weight management, whether one is AA or EA. This suggests that clinical interventions and public health interventions for AA and EA women can be designed around the same principles while paying attention to relevant cultural issues.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01393.x</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2011
Aged
Baughman Kristin
Blacks
Body Mass Index
Body Weights and Measures
Capers Cynthia Flynn
Coefficient Alpha
Comparative Studies
confidence
Data Analysis Software
Demography
Department of Family & Community Medicine
Descriptive Statistics
Dietary Fats
Eating Behavior
Energy Intake
Exercise
Exploratory Research
Female
Fruit
Health Behavior – Ethnology
Health Status
Human
Income
Journal of Nursing Scholarship
Logue Everett
Middle Age
NEOMED College of Medicine
Obesity – Risk Factors
Physical Activity
Psychosocial
Questionnaires
Race Factors
Scales
Secondary Analysis
Self Report
self-efficacy
Socioeconomic Factors
Support
Vegetables
Weight Control
Whites
Women