1
40
14
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990</a>
ISSN
1552-5015 1552-5007
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Update Year & Number
August 2020 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Linking gene expression and phenotypic changes in the developmental and evolutionary origins of osteosclerosis in the ribs of bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
2020-07-29
Subject
The topic of the resource
aging; Cetacea; bone; whales; osteoblasts; hyperostosis
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cooper LN; Ball HC; Vinyard CJ; Safadi FF; George JC; Thewissen JGM
Description
An account of the resource
Bowhead whales are among the longest-lived mammals with an extreme lifespan of about 211 years. During the first 25 years of their lives, rib bones increase in mineral density and the medulla transitions from compact to trabecular bone. Molecular drivers associated with these phenotypic changes in bone remain unknown. This study assessed expression levels of osteogenic genes from samples of rib bones of bowheads. Samples were harvested from prenatal to 86-year-old whales, representing the first third of the bowhead lifespan. Fetal to 2-year-old bowheads showed expression levels consistent with the rapid deposition of the bone extracellular matrix. Sexually mature animals showed expression levels associated with low rates of osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. After the first 25 years of life, declines in osteogenesis corresponded with increased expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator of osteogenesis. These findings suggest EZH2 may be at least one epigenetic modifier that contributes to the age-related changes in the rib bone phenotype along with the transition from compact to trabecular bone. Ancient cetaceans and their fossil relatives also display these phenotypes, suggesting EZH2 may have shaped the skeleton of whales in evolutionary history.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22990" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jez.b.22990</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
journalArticle
2020
Aging
August 2020 List
Ball HC
Bone
Cetacea
Cooper LN
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
George JC
Hyperostosis
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
journalArticle
Molecular and Developmental Evolution
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED College of Medicine Postdoc
NEOMED Postdoc Publications
Osteoblasts
Safadi FF
Thewissen JGM
Vinyard CJ
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.013" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.013</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
349-353
Issue
2
Volume
492
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Evolutionary Changes Of The Importance Of Olfaction In Cetaceans Based On The Olfactory Marker Protein Gene
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Gene
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2012
2012-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Aquatic adaptation; deletion causes; Echolocation; Eocene whale; Filter-feeder; Genetics & Heredity; india; marine mammals; neurons; nucleotide; OMP; sea; sequences; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kishida T; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
Odontocetes and mysticetes are two extant suborders of cetaceans. It is reported that the former have no sense of olfaction, while the latter can smell in air. To explain the ecological reason why mysticetes still retain their sense of smell, two hypotheses have been proposed - the echolocation-priority hypothesis, which assumes that the acquisition of echolocation causes the reduction of the importance of olfaction, and the filter-feeder hypothesis, which assumes that olfactory ability is important for filter-feeders to locate their prey because clouds of plankton give off a peculiar odor. The olfactory marker protein (OMP) is almost exclusively expressed in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, and is considered to play important roles in olfactory systems. In this study, full-length open reading frames of OMP genes were identified in 6 cetacean species and we analyzed the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate ratio based on the maximum likelihood method. The evolutionary changes of the selective pressures on OMP genes did fit better to the filter-feeder hypothesis than to the echolocation-priority hypothesis. In addition, no pseudogenization mutations are found in all five odontocetes OMP genes investigated in this study. It may suggest that OMP retains some function even in 'anosmic' odontocetes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.013" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.gene.2011.11.013</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2012
Aquatic adaptation
deletion causes
Echolocation
Eocene whale
Filter-feeder
gene
Genetics & Heredity
India
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Kishida T
marine mammals
Neurons
nucleotide
OMP
SEA
sequences
Thewissen J G M
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
89-107
Volume
41
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
New Applications For Constrained Ordination: Reconstructing Feeding Behaviors In Fossil Remingtonocetinae (cetacea: Mammalia)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Experimental Approaches to Understanding Fossil Organisms: Lessons from the Living
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2014
1905-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Archaeocetes; components; Constrained ordination; Eocene; eocene cetaceans; evolution; Feeding; india; Mastication; morphology; odontoceti; Reconstruction; regression; suction; transition; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Cooper L N; Hieronymus T L; Vinyard C J; Bajpai S; Thewissen J G M
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
n/a
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Book Chapter
2014
Archaeocetes
Bajpai S
components
Constrained ordination
Cooper L N
eocene
eocene cetaceans
Evolution
Experimental Approaches to Understanding Fossil Organisms: Lessons from the Living
Feeding
Hieronymus T L
India
Mastication
morphology
Odontoceti
reconstruction
Regression
suction
Thewissen J G M
transition
Vinyard C J
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-014-9256-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-014-9256-7</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
93-109
Issue
1
Volume
22
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Intervertebral and Epiphyseal Fusion in the Postnatal Ontogeny of Cetaceans and Terrestrial Mammals
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Mammalian Evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2015
2015-03
Subject
The topic of the resource
baleen; Cetacea; Evolutionary Biology; Zoology; India; skeleton; morphology; artiodactyls; Eocene; whales; locomotor evolution; body length; Epiphyseal; fusion; Intervertebral; Vertebra; vertebral osteology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Moran M M; Bajpai S; George J C; Suydam R; Usip S; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
In this paper we studied three related aspects of the ontogeny of the vertebral centrum of cetaceans and terrestrial mammals in an evolutionary context. We determined patterns of ontogenetic fusion of the vertebral epiphyses in bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas), comparing those to terrestrial mammals and Eocene cetaceans. We found that epiphyseal fusion is initiated in the neck and the sacral region of terrestrial mammals, while in recent aquatic mammals epiphyseal fusion is initiated in the neck and caudal regions, suggesting locomotor pattern and environment affect fusion pattern. We also studied bony fusion of the sacrum and evaluated criteria used to homologize cetacean vertebrae with the fused sacrum of terrestrial mammals. We found that the initial ossification of the vertebral pedicles in the fetus may be a reliable indicator of sacral homology inmodern cetaceans. Finally, we also studied fusion of the centra of cervical vertebrae in B. mysticetus and found that it is not completed until after sexual maturity, and after 20 years of age.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-014-9256-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s10914-014-9256-7</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2015
artiodactyls
Bajpai S
baleen
body length
Cetacea
eocene
Epiphyseal
Evolutionary Biology
fusion
George J C
India
Intervertebral
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Journal of Mammalian Evolution
locomotor evolution
Moran M M
morphology
Skeleton
Suydam R
Thewissen J G M
Usip S
Vertebra
vertebral osteology
WHALES
Zoology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
673-686
Issue
5
Volume
34
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The origin and early evolution of whales: macroevolution documented on the Indian Subcontinent
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Biosciences
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cetacea; India; evolution; energetics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; artiodactyls; Eocene; pakistan; whales; cetaceans; Eocene; cetartiodactyla; locomotor evolution; dolphins; middle; semiaquatic mammals; underwater hearing
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bajpai S; Thewissen J G M; Sahni A
Description
An account of the resource
The origin of whales (order Cetacea) from a four-footed land animal is one of the best understood examples of macroevolutionary change. This evolutionary transition has been substantially elucidated by fossil finds from the Indian subcontinent in the past decade and a half. Here, we review the first steps of whale evolution, i.e. the transition from a land mammal to obligate marine predators, documented by the Eocene cetacean families of the Indian subcontinent: Pakicetidae, Ambulocetidae, Remingtonocetidae, Protocetidae, and Basilosauridae, as well as their artiodactyl sister group, the Raoellidae. We also discuss the influence that the excellent fossil record has on the study of the evolution of organ systems, in particular the locomotor and hearing systems.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s12038-009-0060-0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2009
artiodactyls
Bajpai S
Cetacea
cetaceans
Cetartiodactyla
dolphins
energetics
eocene
Evolution
India
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Journal of Biosciences
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
locomotor evolution
middle
Pakistan
Sahni A
semiaquatic mammals
Thewissen J G M
underwater hearing
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1666/10-128.1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1666/10-128.1</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
703-718
Issue
4
Volume
85
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
CRANIAL ANATOMY OF MIDDLE EOCENE REMINGTONOCETUS (CETACEA, MAMMALIA) FROM KUTCH, INDIA
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Paleontology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
hearing; Paleontology; evolution; origin; whales; transition
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bajpai S; Thewissen J G M; Conley R W
Description
An account of the resource
The family Remingtonocetidae is a basal family of Eocene cetaceans only known from near shore marine environments of India and Pakistan. We describe a new skull for Remingtonocetus harudiensis which elucidates the anatomy and functional morphology of the head and provides new details on cranial cavity and nasopharyngeal region. We suggest that Remingtonocetus was an ambush predator that hunted from a perch on the ocean floor, and that hearing was its most important sense. We speculate that the greatly elongated rostrum is an adaptation for water retention because these are some of the earliest whales living in seawater.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1666/10-128.1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1666/10-128.1</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2011
Bajpai S
Conley R W
Evolution
Hearing
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Journal of Paleontology
origin
Paleontology
Thewissen J G M
transition
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00445.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00445.x</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
819-827
Issue
4
Volume
27
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Allometric patterns of fetal head growth in mysticetes and odontocetes: Comparison of Balaena mysticetus and Stenella attenuata
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Marine Mammal Science
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
Balaena mysticetus; bowhead whale; dolphins; Marine & Freshwater Biology; mechanism; pan-tropical spotted dolphin; prenatal growth; Stenella attenuata; whales; Zoology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Armfield B A; George J C; Vinyard C J; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
Unlike other mammals, odontocetes and mysticetes have highly derived craniofacial bones. A growth process referred to as "telescoping" is partly responsible for this morphology. Here, we explore how changes in facial morphology during fetal growth relate to differences in telescoping between the adult odontocete Stenella attenuata and the mysticete Balaena mysticetus. We conclude that in both Stenella and Balaena head size increases allometrically. Similarly, odontocete nasal length and mysticete mouth size have strong positive allometry compared to total body length. However, the differences between odontocetes and mysticetes in telescoping are not directly associated with their fetal growth patterns. Our results suggest that cranial changes related to echolocation and feeding between odontocetes and mysticetes, respectively, begin during ontogeny before telescoping is initiated.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00445.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00445.x</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2011
Armfield B A
Balaena mysticetus
bowhead whale
dolphins
George J C
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Marine Mammal Science
mechanism
pan-tropical spotted dolphin
prenatal growth
Stenella attenuata
Thewissen J G M
Vinyard C J
WHALES
Zoology
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1666/08-045.1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1666/08-045.1</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
635-663
Issue
5
Volume
83
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
NEW SKELETAL MATERIAL OF ANDREWSIPHIUS AND KUTCHICETUS, TWO EOCENE CETACEANS FROM INDIA
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Paleontology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
artiodactyls; gujarat; hearing; kachchh; locomotor evolution; mammalia; Paleontology; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen J G M; Bajpai S
Description
An account of the resource
The Eocene cetacean genera Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus are systematically revised, their anatomy described, and their phylogenetic position analyzed. Each genus contains a single species, A. sloani and K. minimus, and both are known only from the middle Eocene of the Indian Subcontinent. Andrewsiphius and Kutchicetus differ in a number of respects, the most important dental difference being that P2, P3, p2, and p3 are double-rooted in Andrewsiphius and single-rooted in Kutchicetus. Lower molars are separated by diastemata in Kutchicetus, but not in Andrewsiphius. Postcranially, Andrewsiphius has caudal vertebrae that are far more robust than those of Kutchicetus. We propose the new clade Andrewsiphiinae for these two genera, based on their unique characters: the extremely slender jaw, fused mandibular symphysis, narrow palate and rostrum, and lower molars that have a low crown with three Cusps lined tip rostro-caudally. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that andrewsiphiines are either a subfamily of Remingtonocetidae or an independent branch on the Eocene cetacean lineage. Interpreting conservatively, we classify them as remingtonocetids. Andrewsiphiines have a long, robust, dorso-ventrally flattened tail and short limbs, Suggesting that they swam using dorsoventral undulation of the tail.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1666/08-045.1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1666/08-045.1</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2009
artiodactyls
Bajpai S
gujarat
Hearing
Journal Article
Journal of Paleontology
kachchh
locomotor evolution
Mammalia
Paleontology
Thewissen J G M
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolysis.33.020602.095426" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolysis.33.020602.095426</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
73-90
Volume
33
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The early radiations of cetacea (Mammalia): Evolutionary pattern and developmental correlations
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002
Subject
The topic of the resource
archaeocete; artiodactyls; development; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; evolution; Evolutionary Biology; feet; fossil record; India; locomotor evolution; marine mammal; middle eocene; origin; pakistan; Stenella attenuata; time; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen J G M; Williams E M
Description
An account of the resource
The origin and early evolution of Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) is one of the best examples of macroevolution as documented by fossils. Early whales are divided into six families that differ greatly in their habitats, which varied from land to freshwater, coastal waters, and fully marine. Early cetaceans lived in the Eocene (55-37 million years ago), and they show an enormous morphological diversity. Toward the end of the Eocene the modem cetacean body plan originated, and this body plan remained more or less the same in the subsequent evolution. It is possible that some aspects of this body plan are rooted in constraints that are dictated by cetacean embryologic development and controlled by genes that affect many organ systems at once. It may be possible to use a study of patterns of correlations among morphological traits to test hypotheses of developmental links among organ systems.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolysis.33.020602.095426" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1146/annurev.ecolysis.33.020602.095426</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2002
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
archaeocete
artiodactyls
development
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Evolution
Evolutionary Biology
Feet
fossil record
India
Journal Article
locomotor evolution
marine mammal
middle eocene
origin
Pakistan
Stenella attenuata
Thewissen J G M
Time
WHALES
Williams E M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/417163a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1038/417163a</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
163-166
Issue
6885
Volume
417
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vestibular evidence for the evolution of aquatic behaviour in early cetaceans
Publisher
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Nature
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
2002-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
artiodactyls; bony labyrinth; feet; hearing; inner-ear; locomotor evolution; model; origin; petrosal; Science & Technology - Other Topics; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Spoor F; Bajpal S; Hussaim S T; Kumar K; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
Early cetaceans evolved from terrestrial quadrupeds to obligate swimmers, a change that is traditionally studied by functional analysis of the postcranial skeleton(1). Here we assess the evolution of cetacean locomotor behaviour from an independent perspective by looking at the semicircular canal system, one of the main sense organs involved in neural control of locomotion(2). Extant cetaceans are found to be unique in that their canal arc size, corrected for body mass, is approximately three times smaller than in other mammals. This reduces the sensitivity of the canal system, most plausibly to match the fast body rotations that characterize cetacean behaviour. Eocene fossils show that the new sensory regime, incompatible with terrestrial competence, developed quickly and early in cetacean evolution, as soon as the taxa are associated with marine environments. Dedicated agile swimming of cetaceans thus appeared to have originated as a rapid and fundamental shift in locomotion rather than as the gradual transition suggested by postcranial evidence. We hypothesize that the unparalleled modification of the semicircular canal system represented a key 'point of no return' event in early cetacean evolution, leading to full independence from life on land.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/417163a" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/417163a</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2002
artiodactyls
Bajpal S
bony labyrinth
Feet
Hearing
Hussaim S T
inner-ear
Journal Article
Kumar K
locomotor evolution
model
Nature
origin
petrosal
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Spoor F
Thewissen J G M
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26%5B746:caopcm%5D2.0.co;2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26%5B746:caopcm%5D2.0.co;2</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
746-759
Issue
3
Volume
26
Search for Full-text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Cranial anatomy of Pakicetidae (Cetacea, Mammalia)
Publisher
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Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006
2006-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
artiodactyls; eocene; evolution; hearing; origin; pakistan; Paleontology; whales
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nummela S; Hussain S T; Thewissen J G M
Description
An account of the resource
The skulls and isolated tympanics are described for the earliest whales, pakicetids, from the H-GSP Locality 62 in the Ganda Kas area in Northern Pakistan. Currently three pakicetid genera are known: Pakicetus, Ichthyolestes, and Nalacetus. Ichthyolestes is smaller than the two other genera. Nalacetus and Pakicetus are similar in size, but morphologically different. Pakicetids have a nasal opening at the tip of the rostrum. Their palate retains an incisive foramen. This study reveals three characters of the cranial anatomy useful for systematic analyses. In pakicetids the orbits are orientated dorsally, and there is no supraorbital shield. The dorsal orientation of the orbits is diagnostic for the family, and the lack of supraorbital shield distinguishes pakicetids, ambulocetids, and remingtonocetids from the other Eocene archaeocetes. The intertemporal region of the pakicetid skull is very narrow, a feature that also occurs in many other Eocene cetaceans. The tympanic, which is the most abundant cranial bone (more than 30 specimens) in the pakicetid collections from H-GSP Locality 62, can be used to distinguish the species of pakicetids. In Ichthyolestes, the tympanic bulla is of the same absolute size as in Pakicetus, hence relatively larger, and the tympanic bulla of Nalacetus is larger than either of these. Morphologically, the tympanic bullae differ between the genera, and on the basis of these morphologies it is possible to recognize a fourth species of pakicetid at this locality.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26%5B746:caopcm%5D2.0.co;2" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26%5B746:caopcm%5D2.0.co;2</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2006
artiodactyls
eocene
Evolution
Hearing
Hussain S T
Journal Article
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
Nummela S
origin
Pakistan
Paleontology
Thewissen J G M
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature07775" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1038/nature07775</a>
Pages
E5–E5
Issue
7236
Volume
458
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Thewissen et al. reply.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nature
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-03-19
Subject
The topic of the resource
LETTERS to the editor; WHALES
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen J G M; Cooper Lisa Noelle; Clementz Mark T; Bajpai Sunil; Tiwari B N
Description
An account of the resource
Replying to: J. H. Geisler & J. M. Theodor 458, 10.1038/nature07776 (2009)The analysis of Geisler and Theodor confirms our main phylogenetic result, that raoellids are, or include, the sister group to cetaceans. Their study expands on our findings by inferring that hippopotamids are the sister group to the combined raoellid–cetacean clade, whereas our paper had explicitly stated that our data could not address the position of the extant artiodactyl families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature07775" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/nature07775</a>
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Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2009
Bajpai Sunil
Clementz Mark T
Cooper Lisa Noelle
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
LETTERS to the editor
Nature
NEOMED College of Medicine
Thewissen J G M
Tiwari B N
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature06343" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1038/nature06343</a>
Pages
1190–1194
Issue
7173
Volume
450
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nature
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2007
2007-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Phylogeny; *Whales/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology; Animals; ARTIODACTYLA; BICUSPIDS; CETACEA; EOCENE stratigraphic geology; India; INDIA; MAMMALOGICAL research; Pakistan; Time Factors; UNGULATES; WHALES
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thewissen J G M; Cooper Lisa Noelle; Clementz Mark T; Bajpai Sunil; Tiwari B N
Description
An account of the resource
Although the first ten million years of whale evolution are documented by a remarkable series of fossil skeletons, the link to the ancestor of cetaceans has been missing. It was known that whales are related to even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), but until now no artiodactyls were morphologically close to early whales. Here we show that the Eocene south Asian raoellid artiodactyls are the sister group to whales. The raoellid Indohyus is similar to whales, and unlike other artiodactyls, in the structure of its ears and premolars, in the density of its limb bones and in the stable-oxygen-isotope composition of its teeth. We also show that a major dietary change occurred during the transition from artiodactyls to whales and that raoellids were aquatic waders. This indicates that aquatic life in this lineage occurred before the origin of the order Cetacea.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature06343" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/nature06343</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Phylogeny
*Whales/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology
2007
Animals
Artiodactyla
Bajpai Sunil
BICUSPIDS
Cetacea
Clementz Mark T
Cooper Lisa Noelle
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
EOCENE stratigraphic geology
India
MAMMALOGICAL research
Nature
NEOMED College of Medicine
Pakistan
Thewissen J G M
Time Factors
Tiwari B N
UNGULATES
WHALES
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720</a>
Pages
776–778
Issue
7001
Volume
430
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Eocene evolution of whale hearing.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Nature
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
2004-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Biological Evolution; *Fossils; Air; Animals; Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; EVOLUTION (Biology); FOSSILS; HEARING; Hearing/*physiology; MAMMALS; Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology; Phylogeny; SOUND; Water; WHALES; Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Nummela Sirpa; Thewissen J G M; Bajpai Sunil; Hussain S Taseer; Kumar Kishor
Description
An account of the resource
The origin of whales (order Cetacea) is one of the best-documented examples of macroevolutionary change in vertebrates. As the earliest whales became obligately marine, all of their organ systems adapted to the new environment. The fossil record indicates that this evolutionary transition took less than 15 million years, and that different organ systems followed different evolutionary trajectories. Here we document the evolutionary changes that took place in the sound transmission mechanism of the outer and middle ear in early whales. Sound transmission mechanisms change early on in whale evolution and pass through a stage (in pakicetids) in which hearing in both air and water is unsophisticated. This intermediate stage is soon abandoned and is replaced (in remingtonocetids and protocetids) by a sound transmission mechanism similar to that in modern toothed whales. The mechanism of these fossil whales lacks sophistication, and still retains some of the key elements that land mammals use to hear airborne sound.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/nature02720" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/nature02720</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Biological Evolution
*Fossils
2004
Air
Animals
Bajpai Sunil
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Ear/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
EVOLUTION (Biology)
Fossils
Hearing
Hearing/*physiology
Hussain S Taseer
Kumar Kishor
Mammals
Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology
Nature
NEOMED College of Medicine
Nummela Sirpa
Phylogeny
Sound
Thewissen J G M
Water
WHALES
Whales/*anatomy & histology/*physiology