Dental Remains Of Equatorius Africanus From Kipsaramon, Tugen Hills, Baringo District, Kenya
Anthropology; baringo; dentition; Equatorius; evolution; Evolutionary Biology; hominoid genus; hominoids; kenyapithecus; Kipsaramon; middle miocene; Miocene; Muruyur; pasalar; sexual dimorphism; western kenya
Forty-one isolated large hominoid teeth, as well as most of the mandibular and three maxillary teeth associated with a partial skeleton, were recovered from middle Miocene Muruyur sediments near Kipsaramon in the Tugen Hills, Baringo District, Kenya. The isolated teeth were collected as surface finds and the skeleton was excavated in situ at locality BPRP#122 dated between 15(.)58 Ma and 15(.)36 Ma. The majority of the teeth recovered at BPRP#122 are referable to a minimum of five individuals of the hominoid Equatorius africanus. Three of the teeth, however, are provisionally assigned to Nyanzapithecus sp. The new hominoids from Kipsaramon add to an increasing inventory of specimens that suggest greater large hominoid taxonomic diversity from the middle Miocene of Kenya than was previously recognized. It is suggested that there are two large-bodied hominoid species present at Mabako, only one of which is assignable to Equatorius. (C) 2002 Academic Press.
Kelley J; Ward S; Brown B; Hill A; Duren D L
Journal of Human Evolution
2002
2002-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0504" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jhev.2001.0504</a>
Earliest Homo Debate - Reply
Science & Technology - Other Topics
Hill A; Ward S; Deino A; Curtis G; Drake R
Nature
1992
1992-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/358290a0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/358290a0</a>
Earliest Homo
baringo; calibration; east; fossil hominids; kenya; pliocene; region; Science & Technology - Other Topics; turkana
THE origin of our own genus, Homo, has been tentatively correlated with worldwide climatic cooling documented at about 2.4 Myr (million years) (refs 1-5). It has also been conjectured that members of Homo made the first stone tools, currently dated at 2.6 - 2.4 Myr (refs 6-8). But fossil specimens clearly attributable to Homo before about 1.9 Myr have been lacking. In 1967 a fossil hominoid temporal bone (KNM-BC1) from the Chemeron Formation of Kenya was described as family Hominidae gen. et sp. indet. 9. Although a surface find, its provenance within site JM85 (BPRP site K002) was established and a stratigraphic section provided indicating the specimen's position 9. This evidence has been affirmed (see for example refs 10-12) but the exact age of the fossil was never determined, and the absence of suitable comparative hominid material has precluded a more definitive taxonomic assignment. Here we present Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations on material from the hominid site indicating an age of 2.4 Myr. In addition, comparative studies allow us to assign KNM-BC1 to the genus Homo, making it the earliest securely known fossil of our own genus found so far.
Hill A; Ward S; Deino A; Curtis G; Drake R
Nature
1992
1992-02
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/355719a0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1038/355719a0</a>
Anatomy And Age Of The Lothagam Mandible
Anthropology; baringo; dating; east-africa; Evolutionary Biology; faunal change; fossil hominids; hominidae; kenya; late miocene; lothagam; mandible; pliocene; tanzania
Hill A; Ward S; Brown B
Journal of Human Evolution
1992
1992-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(92)90079-o" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0047-2484(92)90079-o</a>
Origin Of The Hominidae - The Record Of African Large Hominoid Evolution Between 14-my And 4-my
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Hill A; Ward S
Yearbook of Physical Anthropology
1988
1988
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330310505" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.1330310505</a>
New Cercopithecoids And A Hominoid From 12 Center Dot 5 Ma In The Tugen Hills Succession, Kenya
Anthropology; calibration; Cercopithecoidea; Evolutionary Biology; forest; fort-ternan; Hominoidea; kenya; maboko island; middle miocene; Miocene; Ngorora; ngorora formation; old-world monkey; origins; site; Tugen Hills; victoriapithecus
Hill A; Leakey M; Kingston J D; Ward S
Journal of Human Evolution
2002
2002-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0518" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jhev.2001.0518</a>
Kipsaramon - A Lower Miocene Hominoid Site In The Tugen Hills, Baringo District, Kenya
Anthropology; ape; buluk; Evolutionary Biology; morphology; northern kenya
Hill A; Behrensmeyer K; Brown B; Deino A; Rose M; Saunders J; Ward S; Winkler A
Journal of Human Evolution
1991
1991-01
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(91)90046-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0047-2484(91)90046-x</a>
Anatomy, context, age and affinities of hominids from the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
McBrearty S; Brown B; Deino A; Kingston J; Ward S
Journal of Human Evolution
1999
1999-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
PLIOCENE HOMINID PARTIAL MANDIBLE FROM TABARIN, BARINGO, KENYA
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Ward S; Hill A
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1987
1987-01
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330720104" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.1330720104</a>
ORIGINS RECONSIDERED - IN SEARCH OF WHAT MAKES US HUMAN - LEAKEY,R, LEWIN,R
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Ward S
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1994
1994-08
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330940409" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.1330940409</a>
EVOLUTIONARY AND MORPHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DEFLECTING WRINKLE IN THE LOWER MOLARS OF THE HOMINOIDEA
Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
Swindler D R; Ward S
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1988
1988-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330750311" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.1330750311</a>
Preliminary description of the Equatorius africanus partial skeleton (KNM-TH 28860) from Kipsaramon, Tugen Hills, Baringo District, Kenya
Anthropology; Equatorius africanus; evolution; Evolutionary Biology; genus; hominoid; Kenya; Kipsaramon; Middle Miocene; Middle Miocene; Muruyur; phylogenetic affinities; proconsul-nyanzae; rusinga-island; site
A partial skeleton was recovered from middle Miocene Muruyur sediments near Kipsaramon in the Tugen Hills, Baringo District, Kenya. The specimen, representing much of the upper skeleton, comes from locality BPRP#122 dated between 15(.)58 Ma and 15(.)36 Ma. It is referable to the middle Miocene hominoid taxon Equatorius africanus. Preliminary descriptions of the partial skeleton are provided. While the anatomy of the wrist, thorax and hindlimb in Equatorius is similar to that of Afropithecus and Proconsul, the morphology of the new skeleton confirms earlier interpretations of greater terrestriality in Equatorius. (C) 2002 Academic Press.
Sherwood R J; Ward S; Hill A; Duren D L; Brown B; Downs W
Journal of Human Evolution
2002
2002-01
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0502" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/jhev.2001.0502</a>
Equatorius: a new hominoid genus from the Middle Miocene of Kenya.
*Fossils; Ancient; Animals; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology; Dentition; History; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification; Humans; Kenya; Mandible/anatomy & histology; Paleodontology; Skeleton; Terminology as Topic; Tooth/anatomy & histology
A partial hominoid skeleton just older than 15 million years from sediments in the Tugen Hills of north central Kenya mandates a revision of the hominoid genus Kenyapithecus, a possible early member of the great ape-human clade. The Tugen Hills specimen represents a new genus, which also incorporates all material previously referable to Kenyapithecus africanus. The new taxon is derived with respect to earlier Miocene hominoids but is primitive with respect to the younger species Kenyapithecus wickeri and therefore is a late member of the stem hominoid radiation in the East African Miocene.
Ward S; Brown B; Hill A; Kelley J; Downs W
Science (New York, N.Y.)
1999
1999-08
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5432.1382" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1126/science.285.5432.1382</a>