1
40
8
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149102" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149102</a>
Pages
e0149102–e0149102
Issue
2
Volume
11
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Muscle Logic: New Knowledge Resource for Anatomy Enables Comprehensive Searches of the Literature on the Feeding Muscles of Mammals.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
PloS one
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016
1905-7
Subject
The topic of the resource
Humans; Animals; *Databases as Topic; Oropharynx/anatomy & histology; Pharyngeal Muscles/*anatomy & histology; Search Engine
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Druzinsky Robert E; Balhoff James P; Crompton Alfred W; Done James; German Rebecca Z; Haendel Melissa A; Herrel Anthony; Herring Susan W; Lapp Hilmar; Mabee Paula M; Muller Hans-Michael; Mungall Christopher J; Sternberg Paul W; Van Auken Kimberly; Vinyard Christopher J; Williams Susan H; Wall Christine E
Description
An account of the resource
BACKGROUND: In recent years large bibliographic databases have made much of the published literature of biology available for searches. However, the capabilities of the search engines integrated into these databases for text-based bibliographic searches are limited. To enable searches that deliver the results expected by comparative anatomists, an underlying logical structure known as an ontology is required. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE ONTOLOGY: Here we present the Mammalian Feeding Muscle Ontology (MFMO), a multi-species ontology focused on anatomical structures that participate in feeding and other oral/pharyngeal behaviors. A unique feature of the MFMO is that a simple, computable, definition of each muscle, which includes its attachments and innervation, is true across mammals. This construction mirrors the logical foundation of comparative anatomy and permits searches using language familiar to biologists. Further, it provides a template for muscles that will be useful in extending any anatomy ontology. The MFMO is developed to support the Feeding Experiments End-User Database Project (FEED, https://feedexp.org/), a publicly-available, online repository for physiological data collected from in vivo studies of feeding (e.g., mastication, biting, swallowing) in mammals. Currently the MFMO is integrated into FEED and also into two literature-specific implementations of Textpresso, a text-mining system that facilitates powerful searches of a corpus of scientific publications. We evaluate the MFMO by asking questions that test the ability of the ontology to return appropriate answers (competency questions). We compare the results of queries of the MFMO to results from similar searches in PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our tests demonstrate that the MFMO is competent to answer queries formed in the common language of comparative anatomy, but PubMed and Google Scholar are not. Overall, our results show that by incorporating anatomical ontologies into searches, an expanded and anatomically comprehensive set of results can be obtained. The broader scientific and publishing communities should consider taking up the challenge of semantically enabled search capabilities.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149102" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1371/journal.pone.0149102</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Databases as Topic
2016
Animals
Balhoff James P
Crompton Alfred W
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Done James
Druzinsky Robert E
German Rebecca Z
Haendel Melissa A
Herrel Anthony
Herring Susan W
Humans
Lapp Hilmar
Mabee Paula M
Muller Hans-Michael
Mungall Christopher J
NEOMED College of Medicine
Oropharynx/anatomy & histology
Pharyngeal Muscles/*anatomy & histology
PloS one
Search Engine
Sternberg Paul W
Van Auken Kimberly
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066</a>
Pages
260–270
Issue
2
Volume
51
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor patterns and mandibular morphology across mammals.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Integrative and comparative biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Mastication; Animals; Biological Evolution; Bite Force; Electromyography; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Jaw/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology; Masseter Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Phylogeny; Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Williams Susan H; Wall Christine E; Doherty Alison H; Crompton Alfred W; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
The establishment of a publicly-accessible repository of physiological data on feeding in mammals, the Feeding Experiments End-user Database (FEED), along with improvements in reconstruction of mammalian phylogeny, significantly improves our ability to address long-standing questions about the evolution of mammalian feeding. In this study, we use comparative phylogenetic methods to examine correlations between jaw robusticity and both the relative recruitment and the relative time of peak activity for the superficial masseter, deep masseter, and temporalis muscles across 19 mammalian species from six orders. We find little evidence for a relationship between jaw robusticity and electromyographic (EMG) activity for either the superficial masseter or temporalis muscles across mammals. We hypothesize that future analyses may identify significant associations between these physiological and morphological variables within subgroups of mammals that share similar diets, feeding behaviors, and/or phylogenetic histories. Alternatively, the relative peak recruitment and timing of the balancing-side (i.e., non-chewing-side) deep masseter muscle (BDM) is significantly negatively correlated with the relative area of the mandibular symphysis across our mammalian sample. This relationship exists despite BDM activity being associated with different loading regimes in the symphyses of primates compared to ungulates, suggesting a basic association between magnitude of symphyseal loads and symphyseal area among these mammals. Because our sample primarily represents mammals that use significant transverse movements during chewing, future research should address whether the correlations between BDM activity and symphyseal morphology characterize all mammals or should be restricted to this "transverse chewing" group. Finally, the significant correlations observed in this study suggest that physiological parameters are an integrated and evolving component of feeding across mammals.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icr066" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/icb/icr066</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Mastication
2011
Animals
Biological Evolution
Bite Force
Crompton Alfred W
Doherty Alison H
Electromyography
Feeding Behavior/physiology
Hylander William L
Integrative and comparative biology
Jaw/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Mammals/anatomy & histology/physiology
Masseter Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Phylogeny
Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn071" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn071</a>
Pages
294–311
Issue
2
Volume
48
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Patterns of variation across primates in jaw-muscle electromyography during mastication.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Integrative and comparative biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-08
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Wall Christine E; Williams Susan H; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
Biologists that study mammals continue to discuss the evolution of and functional variation in jaw-muscle activity during chewing. A major barrier to addressing these issues is collecting sufficient in vivo data to adequately capture neuromuscular variation in a clade. We combine data on jaw-muscle electromyography (EMG) collected during mastication from 14 species of primates and one of treeshrews to assess patterns of neuromuscular variation in primates. All data were collected and analyzed using the same methods. We examine the variance components for EMG parameters using a nested ANOVA design across successive hierarchical factors from chewing cycle through species for eight locations in the masseter and temporalis muscles. Variation in jaw-muscle EMGs was not distributed equally across hierarchical levels. The timing of peak EMG activity showed the largest variance components among chewing cycles. Relative levels of recruitment of jaw muscles showed the largest variance components among chewing sequences and cycles. We attribute variation among chewing cycles to (1) changes in food properties throughout the chewing sequence, (2) variation in bite location, and (3) the multiple ways jaw muscles can produce submaximal bite forces. We hypothesize that variation among chewing sequences is primarily related to variation in properties of food. The significant proportion of variation in EMGs potentially linked to food properties suggests that experimental biologists must pay close attention to foods given to research subjects in laboratory-based studies of feeding. The jaw muscles exhibit markedly different variance components among species suggesting that primate jaw muscles have evolved as distinct functional units. The balancing-side deep masseter (BDM) exhibits the most variation among species. This observation supports previous hypotheses linking variation in the timing and activation of the BDM to symphyseal fusion in anthropoid primates and in strepsirrhines with robust symphyses. The working-side anterior temporalis shows a contrasting pattern with little variation in timing and relative activation across primates. The consistent recruitment of this muscle suggests that primates have maintained their ability to produce vertical jaw movements and force in contrast to the evolutionary changes in transverse occlusal forces driven by the varying patterns of activation in the BDM.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn071" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/icb/icn071</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2008
Hylander William L
Integrative and comparative biology
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005</a>
Pages
49–57
Volume
63
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
An assessment of skin temperature gradients in a tropical primate using infrared thermography and subcutaneous implants.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of thermal biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
2017-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
*Core-shell model; *Heat loss; *Howling monkey; *Skin Temperature; *Subcutaneous temperature; *Thermal windows; *Thermoregulation; *Tropical Climate; Acclimatization; Alouatta/*physiology; Animals; Infrared Rays; Thermography/instrumentation/*methods; Thermometers
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thompson Cynthia L; Scheidel Caleb; Glander Kenneth E; Williams Susan H; Vinyard Christopher J
Description
An account of the resource
Infrared thermography has become a useful tool to assess surface temperatures of animals for thermoregulatory research. However, surface temperatures are an endpoint along the body's core-shell temperature gradient. Skin and fur are the peripheral tissues most exposed to ambient thermal conditions and are known to serve as thermosensors that initiate thermoregulatory responses. Yet relatively little is known about how surface temperatures of wild mammals measured by infrared thermography relate to subcutaneous temperatures. Moreover, this relationship may differ with the degree that fur covers the body. To assess the relationship between temperatures and temperature gradients in peripheral tissues between furred and bare areas, we collected data from wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Costa Rica. We used infrared thermography to measure surface temperatures of the furred dorsum and bare facial areas of the body, recorded concurrent subcutaneous temperatures in the dorsum, and measured ambient thermal conditions via a weather station. Temperature gradients through cutaneous tissues (subcutaneous-surface temperature) and surface temperature gradients (surface-ambient temperature) were calculated. Our results indicate that there are differences in temperatures and temperature gradients in furred versus bare areas of mantled howlers. Under natural thermal conditions experienced by wild animals, the bare facial areas were warmer than temperatures in the furred dorsum, and cutaneous temperature gradients in the face were more variable than the dorsum, consistent with these bare areas acting as thermal windows. Cutaneous temperature gradients in the dorsum were more closely linked to subcutaneous temperatures, while facial temperature gradients were more heavily influenced by ambient conditions. These findings indicate that despite the insulative properties of fur, for mantled howling monkeys surface temperatures of furred areas still demonstrate a relationship with subcutaneous temperatures. Given that most mammals possess dense fur, this provides insight for using infrared imaging in thermoregulatory studies of wild animals lacking bare skin.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.005</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*Core-shell model
*Heat loss
*Howling monkey
*Skin Temperature
*Subcutaneous temperature
*Thermal windows
*thermoregulation
*Tropical Climate
2017
Acclimatization
Alouatta/*physiology
Animals
Glander Kenneth E
Infrared Rays
Journal of thermal biology
Scheidel Caleb
Thermography/instrumentation/*methods
Thermometers
Thompson Cynthia L
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21512" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21512</a>
Pages
2140–2157
Issue
12
Volume
294
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus of New World monkeys.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Biological Evolution; Eating/physiology; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Jaw/anatomy & histology/physiology; Mandible/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Mastication/*physiology; Platyrrhini/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Taylor Andrea B; Teaford Mark F; Glander Kenneth E; Ravosa Matthew J; Rossie James B; Ryan Timothy M; Williams Susan H
Description
An account of the resource
New World monkeys display a wide range of masticatory apparatus morphologies related to their diverse diets and feeding strategies. While primatologists have completed many studies of the platyrrhine masticatory apparatus, particularly morphometric analyses, we collectively acknowledge key shortcomings in our understanding of the function and evolution of the platyrrhine feeding apparatus. Our goal in this contribution is to review several recent, and in most cases ongoing, efforts to address some of the deficits in our knowledge of how the platyrrhine skull is loaded during feeding. We specifically consider three broad research areas: (1) in vivo physiological studies documenting mandibular bone strains during feeding, (2) metric analyses assessing musculoskeletal functional morphology and performance, as well as (3) the initiation of a physiological ecology of feeding that measures in vivo masticatory mechanics in a natural environment. We draw several conclusions from these brief reviews. First, we need better documentation of in vivo strain patterns in the platyrrhine skull during feeding given their empirical role in developing adaptive hypotheses explaining masticatory apparatus form. Second, the greater accuracy of new technologies, such as CT scanning, will allow us to better describe the functional consequences of jaw form. Third, performance studies are generally lacking for platyrrhine jaws, muscles, and teeth and offer exciting avenues for linking form to feeding behavior and diet. Finally, attempts to bridge distinct research agendas, such as collecting in vivo physiological data during feeding in natural environments, present some of the greatest opportunities for novel insights into platyrrhine feeding biology.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21512" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ar.21512</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2011
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
Animals
Biological Evolution
Eating/physiology
Feeding Behavior/*physiology
Glander Kenneth E
Jaw/anatomy & histology/physiology
Mandible/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Mastication/*physiology
Platyrrhini/anatomy & histology/*physiology
Ravosa Matthew J
Rossie James B
Ryan Timothy M
Taylor Andrea B
Teaford Mark F
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307</a>
Pages
85–95
Issue
1
Volume
130
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2006
2006-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Bite Force; Electromyography/methods; Female; Lemur/*physiology; Male; Masseter Muscle/*physiology; Mastication/*physiology; Neurophysiological/physiology; Recruitment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Wall Christine E; Williams Susan H; Johnson Kirk R; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
We examined masseter recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in four adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing of tougher foods, the working-side superficial masseter tends to show, on average, 1.7 times more scaled EMG activity than the balancing-side superficial masseter. The working-side deep masseter exhibits, on average, 2.4 times the scaled EMG activity of the balancing-side deep masseter. The relatively larger activity in the working-side muscles suggests that ring-tailed lemurs recruit relatively less force from their balancing-side muscles during chewing. The superficial masseter working-to-balancing-side (W/B) ratio for lemurs overlaps with W/B ratios from anthropoid primates. In contrast, the lemur W/B ratio for the deep masseter is more similar to that of greater galagos, while both are significantly larger than W/B ratios of anthropoids. Because ring-tailed lemurs have unfused and hence presumably weaker symphyses, these data are consistent with the symphyseal fusion-muscle recruitment hypothesis stating that symphyseal fusion in anthropoids provides increased strength for resisting forces created by the balancing-side jaw muscles during chewing. Among the masseter muscles of ring-tailed lemurs, the working-side deep masseter peaks first on average, followed in succession by the balancing-side deep masseter, balancing-side superficial masseter, and finally the working-side superficial masseter. Ring-tailed lemurs are similar to greater galagos in that their balancing-side deep masseter peaks well before their working-side superficial masseter. We see the opposite pattern in anthropoids, where the balancing-side deep masseter peaks, on average, after the working-side superficial masseter. This late activity of the balancing-side deep masseter in anthropoids is linked to lateral-transverse bending, or wishboning, of their mandibular symphyses. Subsequently, the stresses incurred during wishboning are hypothesized to be a proximate reason for strengthening, and hence fusion, of the anthropoid symphysis. Thus, the absence of this muscle-firing pattern in ring-tailed lemurs with their weaker, unfused symphyses provides further correlational support for the symphyseal fusion late-acting balancing-side deep masseter hypothesis linking wishboning and symphyseal strengthening in anthropoids. The early peak activity of the working-side deep masseter in ring-tailed lemurs is unlike galagos and most similar to the pattern seen in macaques and baboons. We hypothesize that this early activity of the working-side deep masseter moves the lower jaw both laterally toward the working side and vertically upward, to position it for the upcoming power stroke. From an evolutionary perspective, the differences in peak firing times for the working-side deep masseter between ring-tailed lemurs and greater galagos indicate that deep masseter firing patterns are not conserved among strepsirrhines.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.20307</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2006
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Bite Force
Electromyography/methods
Female
Hylander William L
Johnson Kirk R
Lemur/*physiology
Male
Masseter Muscle/*physiology
Mastication/*physiology
Neurophysiological/physiology
Recruitment
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20176" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20176</a>
Pages
26–45
Issue
1
Volume
127
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Jaw-muscle electromyography during chewing in Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri).
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of physical anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005
2005-05
Subject
The topic of the resource
Animals; Biological; Biomechanical Phenomena; Electromyography; Mastication/*physiology; Masticatory Muscles/*physiology; Models; Muscle Contraction/*physiology; Phylogeny; Time Factors; Tupaia/*physiology
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vinyard Christopher J; Williams Susan H; Wall Christine E; Johnson Kirk R; Hylander William L
Description
An account of the resource
We examined masseter and temporalis recruitment and firing patterns during chewing in five male Belanger's treeshrews (Tupaia belangeri), using electromyography (EMG). During chewing, the working-side masseters tend to show almost three times more scaled EMG activity than the balancing-side masseters. Similarly, the working-side temporalis muscles have more than twice the scaled EMG activity of the balancing-side temporalis. The relatively higher activity in the working-side muscles suggests that treeshrews recruit less force from their balancing-side muscles during chewing. Most of the jaw-closing muscles in treeshrews can be sorted into an early-firing or late-firing group, based on occurrence of peak activity during the chewing cycle. Specifically, the first group of jaw-closing muscles to reach peak activity consists of the working-side anterior and posterior temporalis and the balancing-side superficial masseter. The balancing-side anterior and posterior temporalis and the working-side superficial masseter peak later in the power stroke. The working-side deep masseter peaks, on average, slightly before the working-side superficial masseter. The balancing-side deep masseter typically peaks early, at about the same time as the balancing-side superficial masseter. Thus, treeshrews are unlike nonhuman anthropoids that peak their working-side deep masseters early and their balancing-side deep masseters late in the power stroke. Because in anthropoids the late firing of the balancing-side deep masseter contributes to wishboning of the symphysis, the treeshrew EMG data suggest that treeshrews do not routinely wishbone their symphyses during chewing. Based on the treeshrew EMG data, we speculate that during chewing, primitive euprimates 1) recruited more force from the working-side jaw-closing muscles as compared to the balancing-side muscles, 2) fired an early group of jaw-closing muscles followed by a second group of muscles that peaked later in the power stroke, 3) did not fire their working-side deep masseter significantly earlier than their working-side superficial masseter, and 4) did not routinely fire their balancing-side deep masseter after the working-side superficial masseter.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20176" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.20176</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
2005
American journal of physical anthropology
Animals
Biological
Biomechanical Phenomena
Electromyography
Hylander William L
Johnson Kirk R
Mastication/*physiology
Masticatory Muscles/*physiology
Models
Muscle Contraction/*physiology
Phylogeny
Time Factors
Tupaia/*physiology
Vinyard Christopher J
Wall Christine E
Williams Susan H
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714</a>
Issue
11
Volume
79
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Thyroid hormone fluctuations indicate a thermoregulatory function in both a tropical (Alouatta palliata) and seasonally cold-habitat (Macaca fuscata) primate.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American journal of primatology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
2017-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
*energetics; *temperature; *thermal environment; *thermoregulation; *thyroid hormone; Alouatta/*physiology/urine; Animals; Basal Metabolism; Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology; Macaca/*physiology/urine; Seasons; Species Specificity; Temperature; Thyroid Hormones/*metabolism/urine
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Thompson Cynthia L; Powell Brianna L; Williams Susan H; Hanya Goro; Glander Kenneth E; Vinyard Christopher J
Description
An account of the resource
Thyroid hormones boost animals' basal metabolic rate and represent an important thermoregulatory pathway for mammals that face cold temperatures. Whereas the cold thermal pressures experienced by primates in seasonal habitats at high latitudes and elevations are often apparent, tropical habitats also display distinct wet and dry seasons with modest changes in thermal environment. We assessed seasonal and temperature-related changes in thyroid hormone levels for two primate species in disparate thermal environments, tropical mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata), and seasonally cold-habitat Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). We collected urine and feces from animals and used ELISA to quantify levels of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (fT3 ). For both species, fT3 levels were significantly higher during the cooler season (wet/winter), consistent with a thermoregulatory role. Likewise, both species displayed greater temperature deficits (i.e., the degree to which animals warm their body temperature relative to ambient) during the cooler season, indicating greater thermoregulatory pressures during this time. Independently of season, Japanese macaques displayed increasing fT3 levels with decreasing recently experienced maximum temperatures, but no relationship between fT3 and recently experienced minimum temperatures. Howlers increased fT3 levels as recently experienced minimum temperatures decreased, although demonstrated the opposite relationship with maximum temperatures. This may reflect natural thermal variation in howlers' habitat: wet seasons had cooler minimum and mean temperatures than the dry season, but similar maximum temperatures. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that both tropical howlers and seasonally cold-habitat Japanese macaques utilize thyroid hormones as a mechanism to boost metabolism in response to thermoregulatory pressures. This implies that cool thermal pressures faced by tropical primates are sufficient to invoke an energetically costly and relatively longer-term thermoregulatory pathway. The well-established relationship between thyroid hormones and energetics suggests that the seasonal hormonal changes we observed could influence many commonly studied behaviors including food choice, range use, and activity patterns.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22714" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajp.22714</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
*energetics
*temperature
*thermal environment
*thermoregulation
*thyroid hormone
2017
Alouatta/*physiology/urine
American journal of primatology
Animals
Basal Metabolism
Body Temperature Regulation/*physiology
Glander Kenneth E
Hanya Goro
Macaca/*physiology/urine
Powell Brianna L
Seasons
Species Specificity
Temperature
Thompson Cynthia L
Thyroid Hormones/*metabolism/urine
Vinyard Christopher J
Williams Susan H