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<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.715369" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.715369</a>
Pages
715369
Volume
15
ISSN
1662-5110
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<a href="http://neomed.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.715369" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NEOMED Full-text Holding (if available) - Proxy DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.715369</a>
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Update Year & Number
August 2021 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Multiple Sources of Cholinergic Input to the Superior Olivary Complex.
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Frontiers in Neural Circuits
Date
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2021
2021-07-15
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acetylcholine; arousal; collateral; gerbil; hearing; modulation; plasticity; pontomesencephalic tegmentum
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Beebe NL; Zhang C; Burger RM; Schofield BR
Description
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The superior olivary complex (SOC) is a major computation center in the brainstem auditory system. Despite previous reports of high expression levels of cholinergic receptors in the SOC, few studies have addressed the functional role of acetylcholine in the region. The source of the cholinergic innervation is unknown for all but one of the nuclei of the SOC, limiting our understanding of cholinergic modulation. The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, a key inhibitory link in monaural and binaural circuits, receives cholinergic input from other SOC nuclei and also from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Here, we investigate whether these same regions are sources of cholinergic input to other SOC nuclei. We also investigate whether individual cholinergic cells can send collateral projections bilaterally (i.e., into both SOCs), as has been shown at other levels of the subcortical auditory system. We injected retrograde tract tracers into the SOC in gerbils, then identified retrogradely-labeled cells that were also immunolabeled for choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic cells. We found that both the SOC and the pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) send cholinergic projections into the SOC, and these projections appear to innervate all major SOC nuclei. We also observed a small cholinergic projection into the SOC from the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus of the reticular formation. These various sources likely serve different functions; e.g., the PMT has been associated with things such as arousal and sensory gating whereas the SOC may provide feedback more closely tuned to specific auditory stimuli. Further, individual cholinergic neurons in each of these regions can send branching projections into both SOCs. Such projections present an opportunity for cholinergic modulation to be coordinated across the auditory brainstem. (Copyright © 2021 Beebe, Zhang, Burger and Schofield.)
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.715369" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3389/fncir.2021.715369</a>
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journalArticle
2021
Acetylcholine
Arousal
August 2021 List
Beebe NL
Burger RM
collateral
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Frontiers in neural circuits
gerbil
Hearing
journalArticle
modulation
NEOMED College of Medicine
plasticity
pontomesencephalic tegmentum
Schofield BR
Zhang C
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020</a>
ISSN
1529-2401 0270-6474
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<a href="http://neomed.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NEOMED Full-text Holding (if available) - Proxy DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020</a>
<p>Users with a NEOMED Library login can search for full-text journal articles at the following url: <a href="https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home">https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home</a></p>
Update Year & Number
December 2020 List
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Endogenous Cholinergic Signaling Modulates Sound-evoked Responses of Medial Nucleus of Trapezoid Body.
Publisher
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The Journal Of Neuroscience
Date
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2020
2020-11-30
Creator
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Zhang C; Beebe NL; Schofield BR; Pecka M; Burger RM
Description
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The medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) is a major source of inhibition in auditory brainstem circuitry. The MNTB projects well-timed inhibitory output to principal sound-localization nuclei in the superior olive (SOC) as well as other computationally important centers. Acoustic information is conveyed to MNTB neurons through a single calyx of Held excitatory synapse arising from the cochlear nucleus. The encoding efficacy of this large synapse depends on its activity rate, which is primarily determined by sound intensity and stimulus frequency. However, MNTB activity rate is additionally influenced by inhibition and possibly neuromodulatory inputs, albeit their functional role is unclear. Happe and Morley (2004) discovered prominent expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in rat SOC, suggesting possible engagement of acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated modulation of neural activity in the MNTB. However, the existence and nature of this putative modulation has never been physiologically demonstrated. We probed nicotinic cholinergic influences on acoustic responses of MNTB neurons from adult gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) of either sex. We recorded tone evoked MNTB single neuron activity in vivo using extracellular single-unit recording. Piggyback multi-barrel electrodes enabled pharmacological manipulation of nAChRs by reversibly applying antagonists to two receptor types, α7 and α4β2. We observed that tone-evoked responses are dependent on ACh modulation by both nAChR subtypes. Spontaneous activity was not affected by antagonist application. Functionally, we demonstrate that ACh contributes to sustaining high discharge rates and enhances signal encoding efficacy. Additionally, we report anatomical evidence revealing novel cholinergic projections to MNTB arising from pontine and superior olivary nuclei.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study is the first to physiologically probe how acetylcholine, a pervasive neuromodulator in the brain, influences the encoding of acoustic information by the MNTB, the most prominent source of inhibition in brainstem sound-localization circuitry. We demonstrate that this cholinergic input enhances neural discrimination of tones from noise stimuli, which may contribute to processing important acoustic signals such as speech. Additionally, we describe novel anatomical projections providing cholinergic input to the MNTB. Together, these findings shed new light on the contribution of neuromodulation to fundamental computational processes in auditory brainstem circuitry and to a more holistic understanding of modulatory influences in sensory processing.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-20.2020</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
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journalArticle
2020
Beebe NL
Burger RM
December 2020 List
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
journalArticle
NEOMED College of Medicine
Pecka M
Schofield BR
The Journal of Neuroscience
Zhang C