The vaccine conundrum
Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other; Topics
Vaccines have eliminated diseases such as syphilis and malaria from many regions of the world and because they are administered a few times at most they are more cost-effective than many drugs that treat the same conditions. However vaccines are not considered as marketable products by most pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies due to limited profit and large risk. A need exists for more vaccine development programs and governmental funding of vaccine research.
Zimmerman D; Rosenthal K S; Talor E
Scientist
2007
2007-04
Journal Article
n/a
Immunization with a LEAPS TM heteroconjugate containing the J peptide from beta-2 microglobulin elicits a T helper 1 cytokine response
Immunology
Taylor P; Zimmerman D; Rosenthal K
Clinical Immunology
2008
2008
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.451" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.451</a>
J-LEAPS Vaccines Mature Mouse Bone Marrow Cells to Dendritic Cells-1 (DC1) which can Deliver Protective Immunity
Immunology
Taylor P; Koski G; Bailey E; Zimmerman D; Rosenthal K S
Clinical Immunology
2010
2010
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2010.03.098" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.clim.2010.03.098</a>
Immunization with a LEAPS heteroconjugate containing a CTL epitope and a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin elicits a protective and DTH response to herpes simplex virus type 1.
*Epitopes; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology; Conjugate/immunology; Cytotoxic/*immunology; Delayed/*etiology; Female; Herpesvirus 1; Human/*immunology; Hypersensitivity; Immediate-Early Proteins/*immunology; Immunization; Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptide Fragments/*immunology; T-Lymphocyte; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccines; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
A ligand epitope antigen presentation system (LEAPS) heteroconjugate vaccine containing a CTL epitope (H1) from the HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP27 (322-332) and a peptide sequence (J) from beta-2-microglobulin (35-50) elicited protection from intraperitoneal viral challenge and promoted DTH responses. The H1 peptide and other H1 containing heteroconjugates did not elicit protection or DTH responses. Antibody to the H1 peptide could not be detected by ELISA following vaccination with peptide, heteroconjugate or natural infection. The LEAPS heteroconjugate appears to prime a Thl-like response which is subsequently boosted by infection. These studies show that attachment of the J peptide can make a CTL epitope into a vaccine which is immunogenic and promotes a protective Th1 type of response.
Rosenthal K S; Mao H; Horne W I; Wright C; Zimmerman D
Vaccine
1999
1999-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00231-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00231-x</a>
A L.E.A.P.S. heteroconjugate vaccine containing a T cell epitope from HSV-1 glycoprotein D elicits Th1 responses and protection.
Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology; Conjugate/immunology; Delayed/immunology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes/*immunology; Female; Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/*immunology; Herpes Simplex/pathology/prevention & control; Herpesvirus 1; Human/*immunology; Hypersensitivity; Inbred BALB C; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis; Lymphocyte Count; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides/immunology; Th1 Cells/*immunology; Vaccines; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology
The L.E.A.P.S. heteroconjugate vaccine antigen (JgD), composed of a T cell epitope from glycoprotein D (gD(8-23)) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) linked with a peptide sequence from beta-2-microglobulin (aa38-50), elicited protection against lethal intraperitoneal (IP) challenge and prevented disease signs in most, and limited disease progression, for the rest of BALB/c mice challenged in the epidermal abrasion-zosteriform spread mouse infection model. JgD elicited a Th1 response in vaccinated mice as indicated by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to HSV antigen, and gD and virion specific antibodies with an IgG2a/IgG1 \textgreater1. Vaccination with the JgD peptide delayed the onset of disease signs, reduced severity of the disease and reduced mortality rates in mice with different MHC backgrounds as compared to their respective control mice. CD8 cells were demonstrated as important for initiation of the immune response to JgD and CD4 cells and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) for delivering immune protection in BALB/c mice, as indicated in monoclonal antibody ablation studies. JgD, and other
Goel N; Rong Q; Zimmerman D; Rosenthal K S
Vaccine
2003
2003-10
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00429-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00429-8</a>
The ability of an HSV strain to initiate zosteriform spread correlates with its neuroinvasive disease potential.
Animal; Animals; Disease Models; Ganglia; Herpes Simplex/*physiopathology/virology; Herpesvirus 1; Human/*pathogenicity; Inbred BALB C; Mice; Skin Diseases/*physiopathology/virology; Spinal/*virology; Time Factors; Virulence
The requirements for disease development in the mouse epidermal scarification-zosteriform model of HSV infection are likely to parallel those required for primary HSV disease of humans. HSV-1 strains, which are neuroinvasive in the mouse footpad model of HSV encephalitis, caused local site lesions within 3 days and secondary zosteriform lesions along the dermatome within approximately 5 days. HSV-1 strains, which are not neuroinvasive, failed to progress to zosteriform lesion development and local site lesions were mild or absent. Relative differences in the rate and extent of zosteriform lesion development paralleled the behavior of the viruses in the mouse footpad model of neuroinvasion. In conclusion, the viral properties which are important for neuroinvasiveness appear to also determine the ability of an HSV strain to cause zosteriform disease.
Goel N; Mao H; Rong Q; Docherty J J; Zimmerman D; Rosenthal K S
Archives of virology
2002
2002-04
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s007050200024" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s007050200024</a>