The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis-Heart Shunt Part II: Prosaic Foods and the Brain-Heart Connection in Alzheimer Disease.
Alzheimer disease; brain; cerebrovascular; co-metabolism; French paradox; heart; microbiota-gut-brain axis; Parkinson's disease; polyphenol; prosaic foods; red wine; trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMANO/TMAO)
There is a strong cerebrovascular component to brain aging, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia. Foods, common drugs, and the polyphenolic compounds contained in wine modulate health both directly and through the gut microbiota. This observation and novel findings centered on nutrition, biochemistry, and metabolism, as well as the newer insights we gain into the microbiota-gut-brain axis, now lead us to propose a shunt to this classic triad, which involves the heart and cerebrovascular systems. The French paradox and prosaic foods, as they relate to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, are discussed in this manuscript, which is the second part of a two-part series of concept papers addressing the notion that the microbiota and host liver metabolism all play roles in brain and heart health.
Obrenovich Mark; Tabrez Shams; Siddiqui Bushra; McCloskey Benjamin; Perry George
Microorganisms
2020
2020-03-31
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040493" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3390/microorganisms8040493</a>
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Heart Shunt Part I: The French Paradox, Heart Disease and the Microbiota.
Alzheimer; blood brain barrier; Celiac disease; cerebrovascular; co-metabolism; French paradox; heart brain shunt; HMG-Co A; leaky gut; microbiota-gut-brain axis; polyphenol; red wine; redox; TMANO; TMAO; Trimethyl-Amine-N-Oxide; vascular dementia
It has been well established that a vegetarian and polyphenol-rich diet, including fruits, vegetables, teas, juices, wine, indigestible fiber and whole grains, provide health-promoting phytochemicals and phytonutrients that are beneficial for the heart and brain. What is not well-characterized is the affect these foods have when co-metabolized within our dynamic gut and its colonizing flora. The concept of a heart shunt within the microbiota-gut-brain axis underscores the close association between brain and heart health and the so-called "French paradox" offers clues for understanding neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, oxidation-redox reactions and redox properties of so-called brain and heart-protective foods are underappreciated as to their enhanced or deleterious mechanisms of action. Focusing on prodromal stages, and common mechanisms underlying heart, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, we may unmask and understanding the means to better treat these related diseases.
Obrenovich Mark; Siddiqui Bushra; McCloskey Benjamin; Reddy V Prakash
Microorganisms
2020
2020-03-30
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040490" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3390/microorganisms8040490</a>