Family transmission of work affectivity and experiences to children
affectivity; antecedents; career; career development; children; context; emotional labor; emotions; family; motivation; negative affect; panas; parents; personality; Psychology; socialization; validation; vocation; vocational development; web; work experiences
Theory and research suggest that children develop orientations toward work appreciably influenced by their family members' own expressed work experiences and emotions. Cross-sectional data from 100 children (53 girls, 47 boys; mean age = 11.1 years) and structural equation modeling were used to assess measures of work affectivity and experiences and to test hypotheses suggesting that family work experiences and emotions influence the orientations children develop toward work and how they in turn influence children's work and school motivation. Results indicated that the family setting influences children's perceptions of and future orientation toward the world of work through adults' expression of positive work experiences, negative work affect, and negative work experiences. Furthermore, children's work and school motivations appear to be principally influenced by indicators of favorable work affect and experiences. Implications and suggestions for future research are offered that cast the family as an important core setting for children's vocational development. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Porfeli E J; Wang C; Hartung P J
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2008
2008-10
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.06.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2008.06.001</a>
Contextual Modulation of Vocal Behavior in Mouse: Newly Identified 12 kHz "Mid-Frequency" Vocalization Emitted during Restraint.
mouse; context; isolation; restraint; stress; vocalization
While several studies have investigated mouse ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by isolated pups or by males in mating contexts, studies of behavioral contexts other than mating and vocalization categories other than USVs have been limited. By improving our understanding of the vocalizations emitted by mice across behavioral contexts, we will better understand the natural vocal behavior of mice and better interpret vocalizations from mouse models of disease. Hypothesizing that mouse vocal behavior would differ depending on behavioral context, we recorded vocalizations from male CBA/CaJ mice across three behavioral contexts including mating, isolation, and restraint. We found that brief restraint elevated blood corticosterone levels of mice, indicating increased stress relative to isolation. Further, after 3 days of brief restraint, mice displayed behavioral changes indicative of stress. These persisted for at least 2 days after restraint. Contextual differences in mouse vocal behavior were striking and robust across animals. Thus, while USVs were the most common vocalization type across contexts, the spectrotemporal features of USVs were context-dependent. Compared to the mating context, vocalizations during isolation and restraint displayed a broader frequency range, with a greater emphasis on frequencies below 50 kHz. These contexts also included more non-USV vocal categories and different vocal patterns. We identified a new Mid-Frequency Vocalization, a tonal vocalization with fundamental frequencies below 18 kHz, which was almost exclusively emitted by mice undergoing restraint stress. These differences combine to form vocal behavior that is grossly different among behavioral contexts and may reflect the level of anxiety in these contexts.
Grimsley Jasmine M S; Sheth Saloni; Vallabh Neil; Grimsley Calum A; Bhattal Jyoti; Latsko Maeson; Jasnow Aaron; Wenstrup Jeffrey J
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience
2016
1905-07
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00038" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00038</a>