Transport of a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate fungicide may involve pre-synaptic dopaminergic transporters
C. elegans; Toxicology; Neurosciences & Neurology; parkinsons-disease; exposure; degeneration; costa-rica; pregnant-women; antidepressant; caenorhabditis-elegans; infants environmental-health; leads; Mancozeb; Mancozeb; Manzate; Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate; Neurotransmitter transporters; Neurotransmitters
Mancozeb (MZ), an organic-metal fungicide used predominantly on vegetables and fruits, has been linked to neurodegeneration and behavioral disruptions in a variety of organisms, including humans. Both gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine neurons appear to be more vulnerable to MZ exposure than other neuronal populations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MZ may be differentially transported into these cells through their presynaptic neurotransmitter transporters. To test this, we pretreated Caenorhabditis elegans with transporter antagonists followed by exposure to various concentrations of MZ. Potential neuroprotection was monitored via green fluorescence associated with various neuron populations in transgenic worm strains. Neurodegeneration associated with subacute MZ treatment (30 min) was not altered by transporter antagonist pretreatment. On the other hand, pretreatment with a dopamine transporter antagonist (GBR12909) appeared to protect dopaminergic neurons from chronic (24 h) MZ treatment. These results are consistent with other reports that dopamine transporter levels or activity may modulate toxicity for neurotoxicants.
Montgomery K; Corona C; Frye R; Barnett R; Bailey A; Fitsanakis V A
Neurotoxicology and Teratology
2018
2018-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2018.05.004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.ntt.2018.05.004</a>
Measuring Microhabitat Temperature in Arboreal Primates: A Comparison of On-Animal and Stationary Approaches
Behavioral thermoregulation; Behavioral thermoregulation; body-temperature; Climate; costa-rica; environment; japanese macaques; measurement; Microclimate; national-park; neotropical primate; pan-troglodytes-verus; temperature; thermal; Thermal environment; thermoregulation; tropical forest; vervet monkeys; Zoology
Arboreal primates actively navigate a complex thermal environment that exhibits spatial, daily, and seasonal temperature changes. Thus, temperature measurements from stationary recording devices in or near a forest likely do not reflect the thermal microenvironments that primates actually experience. To better understand the thermal variation primates encounter, we attached automated temperature loggers to anklets worn by free-ranging mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) to record near-animal ambient temperatures. We compared these measures to conventional, stationary temperature measurements taken from within the forest, in nearby open fields, and at a remote weather station 38.6 km from the field site. We also measured temperatures across vertical forest heights and assessed the effects of wind speed, solar radiation, rain, and vapor pressure on primate subcutaneous temperatures (collected via implanted loggers). Ambient temperatures at measurement sites commonly used by researchers differed from those experienced by animals. Moreover, these differences changed between seasons, indicating dynamic shifts in thermal environment occur through space and time. Temperatures increased with height in the forest, with statistically significant, albeit low magnitude, differences between vertical distances of one meter. Near-animal temperatures showed that monkeys selected relatively warmer microhabitats during nighttime temperature lows and relatively cooler microhabitats during the day. Lastly, the thermal variables wind speed, solar radiation, vapor pressure, and rain were statistically associated with primate subcutaneous temperatures. Our data indicate that the temperatures arboreal primates experience are not well reflected by stationary devices. Attaching automated temperature loggers to animals provides a useful tool for more directly assessing primate microhabitat use.
Thompson C L; Williams S H; Glander K E; Vinyard C J
International Journal of Primatology
2016
2016-10
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-016-9917-x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s10764-016-9917-x</a>
Body temperature and thermal environment in a generalized arboreal anthropoid, wild mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
ambient-temperature; Anthropology; aotus-trivirgatus; circadian-rhythms; cold stress; costa-rica; daily torpor; Evolutionary Biology; food availability; heat stress; heat stress; human adaptations; mouse lemurs microcebus; papio-hamadryas-ursinus; squirrel-monkey; temperature variability; thermoregulation
Free-ranging primates are confronted with the challenge of maintaining an optimal range of body temperatures within a thermally dynamic environment that changes daily, seasonally, and annually. While many laboratory studies have been conducted on primate thermoregulation, we know comparatively little about the thermal pressures primates face in their natural, evolutionarily relevant environment. Such knowledge is critical to understanding the evolution of thermal adaptations in primates and for comparative evaluation of humans' unique thermal adaptations. We examined temperature and thermal environment in free-ranging, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in a tropical dry forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We recorded subcutaneous (T-sc) and near-animal ambient temperatures (T-a) from 11 animals over 1586.5 sample hours during wet and dry seasons. Howlers displayed considerable variation in T-sc, which was largely attributable to circadian effects. Despite significant seasonal changes in the ambient thermal environment, howlers showed relatively little evidence for seasonal changes in T-sc. Howlers experienced warm thermal conditions which led to body cooling relative to the environment, and plateaus in T-sc at increasingly warm T-a. They also frequently faced cool thermal conditions (T-a < T-sc) in which T-sc was markedly elevated compared with T-a. These data add to a growing body of evidence that non-human primates have more labile body temperatures than humans. Our data additionally support a hypothesis that, despite inhabiting a dry tropical environment, howling monkeys experience both warm and cool thermal pressures. This suggests that thermal challenges may be more prevalent for primates than previously thought, even for species living in nonextreme thermal environments. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:1-10, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thompson C L; Williams S H; Glander K E; Teaford M F; Vinyard C J
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2014
2014-05
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22505" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.22505</a>