VISUAL DEPRIVATION DECREASES LONG-TERM POTENTIATION IN RAT VISUAL CORTICAL SLICES
cortex; rat; plasticity; depression; period; Neurosciences & Neurology; pathways; induction; long-term potentiation; organization; nmda receptors; evoked-potentials; visual cortex; critical; current source density; dark rearing; monocular deprivation; source density analysis
A major finding in the visual plasticity literature is that visual deprivation is effective only during an early 'sensitive' period, which is lengthened by dark rearing. Unresolved is whether the visual cortex is in a normally plastic state prior to light stimulation. This cannot be addressed using paradigms employing light exposure to assess plasticity. Several developmental studies have investigated a plastic phenomenon termed long-term potentiation (LTP) in slices from cat (J. Neurophysiol., 59 (1988) 124-141) and rat (Brain Res., 439 (1988) 222-229) visual cortex. Susceptibility to the induction of LTP parallels the period of sensitivity to visual deprivation. This suggests that slices can be used to assay visual cortical plasticity, avoiding light exposure. In the present study, field potentials were recorded from slices of the primary visual cortices of dark-reared (DR) and control (CONT) Long Evans hooded rats (17 to 21 days). Field potential profiles recorded before and 90 min following tetanic electrical stimulation were subjected to current source density analysis, yielding extracellular current sink amplitudes. Tetanus resulted in LTP in both CONT and DR slices, but DR slices were significantly less potentiated. These results indicate that the primary visual cortex of DR animals is not fully plastic, indicating a role for light stimulation in inducing visual cortical plasticity.
Berry R L; Perkins A T; Teyler T J
Brain Research
1993
1993-11
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)90943-h" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/0006-8993(93)90943-h</a>
Global Position Paper On Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine
acute myocardial-infarction; bone-marrow-cells; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; colony-stimulating factor; controlled clinical-trial; critical; function; ischemic-heart failure; left-ventricular; limb ischemia; nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; pluripotent stem-cells; randomized controlled-trial
Fernandez-Aviles F; Sanz-Ruiz R; Climent A M; Badimon L; Bolli R; Charron D; Fuster V; Janssens S; Kastrup J; Kim H S; Luscher T F; Martin J F; Menasche P; Simari R D; Stone G W; Terzic A; Willerson J T; Wu J C; Broughton K; DiFede D L; Dimmeler S; Madonna R; Penn M S; Sussman M A; Sluijter J P G; Wollert K C; Balkan W; Chamuleau S; Fernandez-Santos M E; Goliasch G; Gyongyosi M; Hare J M; Tompkins B A; Winkler J; Bayes-Genis A; Henry T D; Taylor D A; Lerman A; Pelacho B; Prosper F; Perin E C; Pompilio G; Gersh B; Bartunek J; Duckers E; Ferdinandy P; Losordo D W; Sanchez P L; Sherman W; Wojakowski W; Zeiher A; Roncalli J; Mathur A; Crea F; D'Amario D; Povsic T J; Traverse J; Yla-Herttuala S; Alliance Tactics Transnational; Basic Res Subcomm; Translational Res Subcomm; Challenges Cardiovasc Regenerative; Tissue Engn Subcomm; Delivery Navigation Tracking; Clinical Trials Subcomm; Regulatory; Funding Strategie
European Heart Journal
2017
2017-09
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx248" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1093/eurheartj/ehx248</a>
Defining the Critical Elements of the Most Common Arthroscopic Procedures: A Consensus of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Surgeons
surgery; arthroscopy; General & Internal Medicine; critical; sports medicine
Objective To define the critical elements of common procedures in arthroscopic surgery. Methods A survey was administered to surgeons associated with the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) to determine the critical elements for four common arthroscopic procedures: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, knee arthroscopy with meniscal debridement or repair, rotator cuff repair (RCR), and capsulorrhaphy for anterior glenohumeral instability (Bankart repair). Respondents were asked which steps necessitated their direct supervision. The level of experience and practice demographics were also recorded. Results For all applicable procedures, patient positioning and closure were not considered critical steps. Establishing arthroscopic portals was critical for all procedures, except knee arthroscopy. Diagnostic arthroscopy was only critical in ACL reconstruction. Private practice surgeons considered every step of these common procedures to be critical elements. Less experienced surgeons were more likely to regard certain aspects of a procedure critical. Surgeons with \textgreater15 years of experience considered diagnostic arthroscopy critical to all procedures, whereas those with \textless15 years of experience did not. Unlike surgeons with a resident as first assist, surgeons with a physician assistant (PA) or nurse practitioner (NP) found every step of each procedure to be critical except closure and positioning. Conclusion Across all procedures, only patient positioning and closure were consistently regarded as non-critical elements. There were significant differences in responses according to experience and practice setting. Future research is necessary to determine the implications of these findings and guide the definition of the "critical portions" of surgery.
Porter D A; Laratta J L; Shillingford J N; Trofa D; Reddy H; Uribe J W; Yagnik G P
Cureus
2019
2019-02
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
<a href="http://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4091" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.7759/cureus.4091</a>