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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21099" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21099</a>
Pages
316-325
Issue
3
Volume
281
ISSN
0362-2525
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Update Year & Number
June 2020 Update I
NEOMED College
NEOMED College of Medicine
NEOMED Department
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
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Title
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Whale tear glands in the bowhead and the beluga whales: Source and function
Publisher
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Journal of Morphology
Date
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2020
2020-03
Subject
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dolphin tursiops-truncatus; fluid; glands; harderian-gland; lacrimal gland; lactoferrin; lipocalin; localization; morphology; ocular glands; orbital whales; pacinian corpuscles; secretions
Creator
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Rehorek Susan J; Stimmelmayr Rapahela; George John C; Suydam Robert; McBurney Denise M; Thewissen J G M
Description
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Orbital glands are found in many tetrapod vertebrates, and are usually separate structures, consisting of individual glands lying in the eyelids and both canthi of the orbit. In cetaceans, however, the orbital glandular units are less distinct and have been described by numerous authors as a single, periorbital mass. There are few histochemical and immunhistochemical studies to date of these structures. In this study, we examined the orbital glandular region of both the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus: Mysticeti) and the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas: Odontoceti) using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. Histologically, in the bowhead, three glandular areas were noted (circumorbital, including Harderian and lacrimal poles), palpebral (midway in the lower eyelid), and rim (near the edge of the eyelid). In the beluga, there was only a large, continuous mass within the eyelid itself. Histochemical investigation suggests neither sexual dimorphism nor age-related differences, but both whales had two cell types freely intermingling with each other in all glandular masses. Large cells (cell type 1) were distended by four histochemically distinct intracellular secretory granules. Smaller cells (cell type 2) were not distended (fewer granules) and had two to three histochemically distinct intracellular secretory granules. The beluga orbital glands had additional lipid granules in cell type 1. Counterintuitively, both lipocalin and transferrin were localized to cell type 2 only. This intermingling of cell types is unusual for vertebrates in whom individual orbital glands usually have one cell type with one to two different secretory granules present. The heterogeneity of the orbital fluid produced by cetacean orbital glands implies a complex function, or series of functions, for these orbital glands and their role in producing the tear fluid.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21099" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jmor.21099</a>
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journalArticle
2020
Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology
dolphin tursiops-truncatus
fluid
George John C
glands
harderian-gland
Journal Article
Journal of morphology
journalArticle
June 2020 Update I
lacrimal gland
lactoferrin
LIPOCALIN
localization
McBurney Denise M
morphology
NEOMED College of Medicine
ocular glands
orbital whales
pacinian corpuscles
Rehorek Susan J
Secretions
Stimmelmayr Rapahela
Suydam Robert
Thewissen J G M