<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://neomed.omeka.net/items/browse?tags=hyperosmotic+nacl&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-03-09T17:21:10-04:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>40</perPage>
      <totalResults>1</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="10072" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>URL Address</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130163">
              <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199602000-00008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;http://doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199602000-00008&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Rights</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130164">
              <text>Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Pages</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130165">
              <text>130-134</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Issue</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130166">
              <text>2</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Volume</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130167">
              <text>5</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Search for Full-text</name>
          <description>Locate full-text within NEOMED Library's e-journal collections</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="130168">
              <text>&lt;p&gt;Users with a NEOMED Library login can search for full-text journal articles at the following url: &lt;a href="https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home"&gt;https://libraryguides.neomed.edu/home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130155">
                <text>Hypertonic Saline In Stabilized Hyperdynamic Sepsis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130156">
                <text>Shock</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130157">
                <text>1996</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="130158">
                <text>1996-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130159">
                <text>&amp; Cardiology; cardiac-output; Cardiovascular System; delivery; dogs; fluid resuscitation; General &amp; Internal Medicine; Hematology; hyperosmotic nacl; osmolality; oxygen consumption; respiratory-distress syndrome; septic shock; severe hemorrhagic-shock; Surgery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130160">
                <text>Hannemann L; Reinhart K; Korell R; Spies C; Bredle D L</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130161">
                <text>Hypertonic saline with or without colloidal solution has been successfully used for treating hemorrhagic shock in animal experiments and clinical studies. Due to its various effects at systemic, organ, and microcirculatory levels, the substance appears to be a promising candidate for improving tissue oxygenation in sepsis. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that infusion of hypertonic saline would further improve O-2 delivery, O-2 extraction, and O-2 uptake in hyperdynamic septic shock patients already stabilized by adequate volume and catecholamine infusion. Twenty-one patients received 2-4 mL/kg body weight of hypertonic saline in hydroxyethyl starch within 15 min. This hypertonic saline infusion caused a rapid significant increase in O-2 delivery by 14% but only a marginal increase in O-2 consumption (7% by cardiovascular Fick [p &lt; .05], 4% by respiratory gases [n.s.]). Hypertonic saline increased the already elevated cardiac output by 24%. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased from 14 +/- 3 to 23 +/- 3 mmHg and pulmonary shunt fraction increased 15%, but arterial PO2 did not fall. Except for the increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, none of the cardiovascular changes lasted longer than 60 min. Plasma sodium levels increased from 138 +/- 25 to 163 +/- 38 mmol/L and normalized within 24 h. In these hyperdynamic septic patients, hypertonic saline infusion produced a transient increase in circulation, but no evidence of a substantial increase in O-2 consumption. Either there was no significant O-2 debt due to the already elevated O-2 delivery levels at baseline (700 mL/min/m(2)) or the global O-2 measurements we used were not able to detect discrete regional hypoxia.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130162">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199602000-00008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;10.1097/00024382-199602000-00008&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="130169">
                <text>Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="34036">
        <name>&amp; Cardiology</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="14">
        <name>1996</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="118">
        <name>Bredle D L</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40788">
        <name>cardiac-output</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="31420">
        <name>Cardiovascular System</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13189">
        <name>Delivery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="122">
        <name>Dogs</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47690">
        <name>fluid resuscitation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33741">
        <name>General &amp; Internal Medicine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40794">
        <name>Hannemann L</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="34037">
        <name>Hematology</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47691">
        <name>hyperosmotic nacl</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41733">
        <name>Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47694">
        <name>Korell R</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47692">
        <name>osmolality</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="6401">
        <name>Oxygen Consumption</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="35559">
        <name>Reinhart K</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38349">
        <name>respiratory-distress syndrome</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="16750">
        <name>Septic shock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47693">
        <name>severe hemorrhagic-shock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="13136">
        <name>Shock</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="44445">
        <name>Spies C</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8623">
        <name>Surgery</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
