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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588</a>
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Pages
480-496
Issue
3
Volume
215
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Title
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Kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps): effects of age and substrate size
Publisher
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Journal of Experimental Biology
Date
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2012
2012-02
Subject
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arboreal locomotion; Arboreality; baboons papio-cynocephalus; cebus-apella; diagonal-sequence walking; Gait; Kinematics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; life-history; limb mass-distribution; Marsupials; monkeys; monkeys saimiri-boliviensis; ontogeny; postnatal-development; Quadrupedalism; symmetrical gaits; vervet
Creator
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Shapiro L J; Young J W
Description
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Arboreal mammals face unique challenges to locomotor stability. This is particularly true with respect to juveniles, who must navigate substrates similar to those traversed by adults, despite a reduced body size and neuromuscular immaturity. Kinematic differences exhibited by juveniles and adults on a given arboreal substrate could therefore be due to differences in body size relative to substrate size, to differences in neuromuscular development, or to both. We tested the effects of relative body size and age on quadrupedal kinematics in a small arboreal marsupial (the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps; body mass range of our sample 33-97 g). Juvenile and adult P. breviceps were filmed moving across a flat board and three poles 2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 cm in diameter. Sugar gliders (regardless of age or relative speed) responded to relative decreases in substrate diameter with kinematic adjustments that promote stability; they increased duty factor, increased the average number of supporting limbs during a stride, increased relative stride length and decreased relative stride frequency. Limb phase increased when moving from the flat board to the poles, but not among poles. Compared with adults, juveniles (regardless of relative body size or speed) used lower limb phases, more pronounced limb flexion, and enhanced stability with higher duty factors and a higher average number of supporting limbs during a stride. We conclude that although substrate variation in an arboreal environment presents similar challenges to all individuals, regardless of age or absolute body size, neuromuscular immaturity confers unique problems to growing animals, requiring kinematic compensation.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.062588" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1242/jeb.062588</a>
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Journal Article
2012
arboreal locomotion
Arboreality
baboons papio-cynocephalus
cebus-apella
diagonal-sequence walking
Gait
Journal Article
Journal of Experimental Biology
Kinematics
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
life-history
limb mass-distribution
Marsupials
monkeys
monkeys saimiri-boliviensis
ontogeny
postnatal-development
quadrupedalism
Shapiro L J
symmetrical gaits
vervet
Young J W