Work values and job satisfaction of family physicians
Psychology; metaanalysis; Health; primary-care physicians; trends; medical-students; school; specialty choice; Medical career development; Work values; life-style; Career specialty choice; general-surgery; Job satisfaction; personality scale scores; Physician Values in Practice Scale; Values assessment
Theory and prior research suggest linkages between work values and job satisfaction. The present study examined such linkages in a group of workers in a professional occupation. Family physicians (134 women, 206 men, 88% Caucasian) responded to context-specific measures of work values and job satisfaction. ANOVA results indicated a work values hierarchy of Autonomy, Service, Lifestyle, Scholarly Pursuits, Management and Prestige in decreasing order of importance. Canonical correlation analysis yielded a significant function with three work values collectively predicting job satisfaction: Lifestyle (negatively) and Service and Scholarly Pursuits (positively) in decreasing order of magnitude. The study findings may be useful to medical students in the specialty choice process, to medical school faculty advising such students, and to currently practicing physicians contemplating career specialty change. Future research may examine work values and job satisfaction differences across employment and geographic settings, give increased attention to cultural variables, and include intervention studies and longitudinal designs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Bouwkamp-Memmer J C; Whiston S C; Hartung P J
Journal of Vocational Behavior
2013
2013-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.02.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jvb.2013.02.001</a>
Pathological phalanges in a camarasaurid sauropod dinosaur and implications on behaviour
bone; bone tumour; camarasaurids; degenerative joint disease; Dinosauria; entheses; enthesophytes; histology; Jurassic; life-style; morphology; Morrison Formation; muscles; osteoarthritis; osteoblastoma; osteochondrosis; osteoid osteoma; Paleontology; paleopathology; Sauropoda; tendon; USA; Wyoming
Several types of pathological bony overgrowth are known from various dinosaur taxa but, except for stress fractures, are rarely reported from appendicular elements. Herein we describe pathological manual and pedal phalanges of a camarasaurid sauropod (SMA 0002), which show features rarely recognised in non-avian dinosaurs. They include lateral osteophytes and smoothing of phalangeal articular surfaces, a deep pit, proximal enthesophytes in pedal unguals, distal overgrowth associated with a fracture, and a knob-like overgrowth lateral to the distal condyles of a pedal phalanx. Their causes were assessed by means of visual examination, CT scans, and bone histology, where possible. The lateral osteophytes are interpreted as symptoms of osteoarthritis. The ossified tendon insertions in the unguals are most probably the result of prolonged, heavy use of the pedal claws, possibly for scratch-digging. The distal overgrowth is interpreted to have developed due to changed stress regimes, and to be the cause for the fracture. The deep pit represents most likely a case of osteochondrosis, whereas the knob-like overgrowth likely represents a post-traumatic phenomenon not previously reported in dinosaurs. The study confirms that a rigorous assessment of pathologies can yield information about behaviour in long-extinct animals.
Tschopp E; Wings O; Frauenfelder T; Rothschild B M
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2016
2016
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.4202/app.00119.2014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.4202/app.00119.2014</a>