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Text
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URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13156" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13156</a>
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Pages
80-86
Volume
1378
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Title
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Novel Approaches To Mitigating Parathion Toxicity: Targeting Cytochrome P450-mediated Metabolism With Menadione
Publisher
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Countermeasures against Chemical Threats Ii
Date
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2016
2016
Subject
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acetylcholinesterase; agents; chlorcyclizine; cytotoxicity; enzyme; inhibition; menadione; organophosphate exposure; organophosphorus; paraoxon; parathion; pesticides; reactivators; redox cycling; reductase; Super oxide
Creator
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Jan Y H; Richardson J R; Baker A A; Mishin V; Heck D E; Laskin D L; Laskin J D
Description
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Accidental or intentional exposures to parathion, an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, can cause severe poisoning in humans. Parathion toxicity is dependent on its metabolism by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system to paraoxon (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate), a highly poisonous nerve agent and potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. We have been investigating inhibitors of CYP-mediated bioactivation of OPs as a method of preventing or reversing progressive parathion toxicity. It is well recognized that NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, an enzyme required for the transfer of electrons to CYPs, mediates chemical redox cycling. In this process, the enzyme diverts electrons from CYPs to support chemical redox cycling, which results in inhibition of CYP-mediated biotransformation. Using menadione as the redox-cycling chemical, we discovered that this enzymatic reaction blocks metabolic activation of parathion in rat and human liver microsomes and in recombinant CYPs important to parathion metabolism, including CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4. Administration of menadione to rats reduces metabolism of parathion, as well as parathion-induced inhibition of brain cholinesterase activity. This resulted in inhibition of parathion neurotoxicity. Menadione has relatively low toxicity and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for other indications. Its ability to block parathion metabolism makes it an attractive therapeutic candidate to mitigate parathion-induced neurotoxicity.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13156" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/nyas.13156</a>
Format
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Book Chapter
2016
acetylcholinesterase
agents
Baker A A
Book Chapter
chlorcyclizine
Countermeasures against Chemical Threats Ii
cytotoxicity
enzyme
Heck D E
inhibition
Jan Y H
Laskin D L
Laskin J D
menadione
Mishin V
organophosphate exposure
organophosphorus
paraoxon
parathion
pesticides
reactivators
Redox cycling
reductase
Richardson J R
Super oxide