Antimicrobial Treatment Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections In The Hospital Setting
5-day levofloxacin; acute exacerbations; antibiotic-therapy; antibiotics; chronic-bronchitis; community-acquired pneumonia; community-associated pneumonia; drug-interaction; General & Internal Medicine; healthcare-associated; hospital-acquired; open-label; quinolones; randomized-trial; streptococcus-pneumoniae; ventilator-associated; ventilator-associated pneumonia
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) that may require hospitalization include acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which includes ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is treated similar to HAP and may be considered with HAP. For CAP requiring hospitalization, the current guidelines for the treatments of RTIs generally recommend either a beta-lactam and macrolide combination or a fluoroquinolone. The respiratory fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin) are excellent antibiotics due to high levels of susceptibility among gram-negative, gram-positive, and atypical pathogens. The fluoroquinolones are active against >98% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. Fluoroquinolones are also recommended for AECB requiring hospitalization. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that levofloxacin monotherapy is as efficacious as combination ceftriaxone-erythromycin therapy in the treatment of patients hospitalized with CAP. For early-onset HAP, VAP, and HCAP without the risk of multidrug resistance, ceftriaxone, ampicillin-sulbactam, ertapenem, or one of the fluoroquinolones is recommended. High-dose, short-course therapy regimens may offer improved treatment due to higher drug concentrations, more rapid killing, increased adherence, and the potential to reduce development of resistance. Recent studies have shown that short-course therapy with levofloxacin, azithromycin, or telithromycin in patients with CAP was effective, safe, and tolerable and may control the rate of resistance. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Grossman R F; Rotschafer J C; Tan J S
American Journal of Medicine
2005
2005-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.011</a>
Isolated Lad Revascularization In The Modern Era: Demographics And Preliminary Outcomes
angioplasty; bari; descending coronary-artery; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; myocardial-infarction; randomized-trial; stenosis; Surgery; Zoology
Manneh A; Newman I; Gross A; Syron E; Josephson R
Ohio Journal of Science
2000
2000-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
n/a
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Operable Breast Cancer: The Pros
20-year; chemoendocrine therapy; comparing total; follow-up; gene-expression profiles; mastectomy; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Oncology; pathological; preoperative chemotherapy; project protocol b-27; randomized-trial; responses; sentinel lymph-node; surgical adjuvant breast
Mamounas E R
Breast Care
2006
2006-12
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1159/000097887" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1159/000097887</a>
Tailoring Loco-regional Therapy With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Another Step In The Right Direction
breast; breast-conserving treatment; cancer; carcinoma in-situ; induction chemotherapy; Oncology; preoperative chemotherapy; radiation-therapy; randomized-trial; remission rates; sentinel lymph-node; Surgery; surgical adjuvant
Mamounas E P
Annals of Surgical Oncology
2004
2004-10
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1245/aso.2004.08.908" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1245/aso.2004.08.908</a>
Long-term Prophylaxis Of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis In Patients With Cirrhosis
1st episode; antibiotic-prophylaxis; antimicrobial; ascites; ascitic fluid; cirrhosis; double-blind; gastrointestinal hemorrhage; infection; opsonic activity; peritonitis; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; predictive factors; prevention; randomized-trial
Frazee L A; Marinos A E; Rybarczyk A M; Fulton S A
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
2005
2005-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1E585" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1345/aph.1E585</a>
Shorter Course Therapy Of Serious Respiratory Infections: New Data For New Approaches To Management
adults; antibiotic-therapy; carriage; Infectious Diseases; meningococcal disease; randomized-trial; resolution; ventilator-associated pneumonia
File T M
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
2004
2004-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/10.qco.0000124363.27345.46" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/10.qco.0000124363.27345.46</a>
Meta-analysis of effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression devices with a comparison of thigh-high to knee-high sleeves
calf; compression; deep-vein-thrombosis; intracranial disease; leg compression; neurosurgical patients; randomized-trial; sequential compression; Surgery; total hip-replacement; urological patients; Venous thrombosis
This meta-analysis used all original articles from 1966 to June 1996 that fit the preset inclusion criteria to examine the clinical effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism and to compare the results of knee-high sleeves to thigh-high sleeves TPC devices decreased the relative risk of DVT by 62 per cent when compared with placebo, 47 per cent compared with graduated compression stockings, and 48 per cent compared with mini-dose heparin. IPC devices significantly decreased the relative risk of DVT compared with placebo in high-risk patients such as neurosurgery and major orthopedic surgery patients and in modest: risk patients such as general surgery patients. In major orthopedic surgery patients, the incidence of DVT was similar for IPC- and warfarin-treated patients; however, IPC was significantly better than warfarin at decreasing the incidence of calf only DVT, whereas warfarin seemed to be better at decreasing proximal DVT. IPC devices are effective in decreasing the incidence of DVT in patients at moderate to high risk and are probably more efficacious than graduated compression stockings or mini-dose heparin; however, IPC devices are not protective against pulmonary embolism. The data directly comparing the various methods of compression (knee-high versus thigh-high sleeves and graded-sequential versus uniform compression) are sparse and conflicting.
Vanek V W
American Surgeon
1998
1998-11
Journal Article
n/a
Cognitive Roadblock Not Gateway: Effects of Visual Vaping Cues on Young Adults' Harm Perceptions
advertisements; advertising; association; cigarette (e-cigarette); cognitive gateway/road-block; consumer perceptions; electronic; electronic cigarette use; Environmental & Occupational Health; nicotine delivery-systems; Public; randomized-trial; reduction; smokeless tobacco; smokers; smoking urge; us adults; visual vaping cue; young adult
Objectives: In this study, we experimentally tested 2 hypotheses regarding visual vaping cues in e-cigarette video advertisements on harm perceptions immediately following exposure (T1), and again, 2 weeks later (T2). The cognitive gateway hypothesis predicts that vaping cues will reduce vaping harm perceptions among e-cigarette users at T1, leading to lowered smoking harm perceptions at T2. In contrast, the cognitive roadblock hypothesis predicts that vaping cues will heighten smoking harm perceptions among smokers at T1, leading to increased vaping harm perceptions at T2. Methods: We conducted a 2-wave online experiment with 251 smokers or e-cigarette users recruited from students enrolled at a large midwestern university in 2016. Participants were randomized to view: (1) 5 e-cigarette ads containing vaping cues; (2) 5 e-cigarette ads without vaping cues; or (3) 5 bottled drink ads. Results: Findings support the cognitive roadblock hypothesis but not the gateway hypothesis. For current smokers, mediating effects of smoking harm perceptions at T1 were supported. Conclusions: E-cigarette advertisements with vaping portrayals can increase smokers' vaping harm perceptions indirectly by activating smoking harm perceptions, potentially deterring smokers from switching to a less harmful product.
Yang S J; Tan A S L; Hamilton K; Fischbein R; Kenne D R
Tobacco Regulatory Science
2018
2018-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.18001/trs.4.2.8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.18001/trs.4.2.8</a>
Prognosis after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and locoregional recurrences in five national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project node-positive adjuvant breast cancer trials
20-year follow-up; conservative surgery; conserving therapy; doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide; european organization; local recurrence; Oncology; radiation-therapy; randomized-trial; risk-factors; stage-i
Purpose Locoregional failure after breast-conserving surgery is associated with increased risk of distant disease and death. The magnitude of this risk in patients receiving chemotherapy has not been adequately characterized. Patients and Methods Our study population included 2,669 women randomly assigned onto five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project node-positive protocols (B-15, B-16, B-18, B-22, and B-25), who were treated with lumpectomy, whole-breast irradiation, and adjuvant systemic therapy. Cumulative incidences of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and other locoregional recurrence (oLRR) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate distant-disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) after IBTR or oLRR. Cox models were used to model survival using clinical and pathologic factors jointly with IBTR or oLRR as time-varying predictors. Results Four hundred twenty-four patients (15.9%) experienced locoregional failure; 259 (9.7%) experienced IBTR, and 165 (6.2%) experienced oLRR. The 10-year cumulative incidence of IBTR and oLRR was 8.7% and 6.0%, respectively. Most locoregional failures occurred within 5 years (62.2% for IBTR and 80.6% for oLRR). Age, tumor size, and estrogen receptor status were significantly associated with IBTR. Nodal status and estrogen and progesterone receptor status were significantly associated with oLRR. The 5-year DDFS rates after IBTR and oLRR were 51.4% and 18.8%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates after IBTR and oLRR were 59.9% and 24.1%, respectively. Hazard ratios for mortality associated with IBTR and oLRR were 2.58 (95% CI, 2.11 to 3.15) and 5.85 (95% CI, 4.80 to 7.13), respectively. Conclusion Node-positive breast cancer patients who developed IBTR or oLRR had significantly poorer prognoses than patients who did not experience these events.
Wapnir I L; Anderson S J; Mamounas E P; Geyer C E; Jeong J H; Tan-Chiu E; Fisher B; Wolmark N
Journal of Clinical Oncology
2006
2006-05
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.3273" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1200/jco.2005.04.3273</a>
Advanced therapies for chronic wounds: NPWT, engineered skin, growth factors, extracellular matrices
chronic leg ulcers; clinical-trial; Dermatology; diabetic foot ulcers; double-blind; efficacy; extracellular-matrix; growth factors; multicenter; negative pressure wound therapy; randomized-trial; safety; vacuum-assisted closure; venous leg; wound care; wounds
Advanced wound care implies the use of products or procedures that are specialized. Although dermatologists are used to being specialists of the skin, hair, and nails, chronic wound care has evolved such that there are some specific treatment options that are more commonly ordered and performed in wound care clinics. Wound care clinics are staffed by specialists and generalists including dermatologists, but also orthopedic surgeons, vascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists, internists, family practitioners, hyperbaric oxygen-trained physicians from a variety of backgrounds, podiatrists, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners. The care of chronic wounds has almost become its own specialty, with so-called advanced therapies now including the use of growth factors, extracellular matrices, engineered skin, and negative pressure wound therapy. It is critical that the dermatologists understand the treatments such that they can appropriately apply or order them directly, or be involved with the care of their patients receiving these therapies.
Shankaran V; Brooks M; Mostow E
Dermatologic Therapy
2013
2013-05
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12050" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/dth.12050</a>
The importance of understanding the molecular mechanism of stem cell-induced cardiac tissue repair
acute myocardial-infarction; acute myocardial-infarction; Cell Biology; chemokines; chronic heart-failure; chronic heart-failure; delivery; endogenous stem cell repair; Engineering; factor-i; ischemic cardiomyopathy; left-ventricular function; marrow; mononuclear-cells; progenitor cells; randomized-trial; sdf-1cxcr4 axis; stem-cells
Penn M S
Regenerative Medicine
2013
2013-07
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.2217/rme.13.38" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.2217/rme.13.38</a>