Histomorphometry of the embryonic avian growth plate by proton nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy
appearance; articular-cartilage; bone-formation; cartilage; chick; deposits; diffusion; Endocrinology & Metabolism; growth-plate; hyaline cartilage; mineral; morphology; mr-imaging characteristics; nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy; relaxation; sequences
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy was used to characterize the biochemical and morphological properties of the different zones within the growth plate of an embryonic chick femur. For precalcified tissue, water proton transverse relaxation times (T-2) and magnetization transfer values (MT) were directly and inversely dependent, respectively, on tissue cellularity, defined as the intracellular area per unit area on histological sections. T-2 values extrapolated for intra- and extracellular water were 96 ms and 46 ms, respectively. The extracellular T-2 was comparable with that measured for mature cartilage. The MT values extrapolated for intra- and extracellular compartments were 0.32 and 0.85, respectively, These values were comparable with those values reported in the literature for cell pellets and for mature cartilage tissue. Thus, cellularity dominated the NMR properties of this immature cartilage tissue. Mineral deposits within calcified cartilage and periosteal bone invoked NMR relaxation processes that were dependent on the inorganic mineral phase; Additionally, collagen molecules present in mineralized zones gave rise to a significant MT effect. These results show the utility of water proton NMR microscopy for assessing both the organic and inorganic ph ases within mineralized tissues.
Potter K; Landis W J; Spencer R G S
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
2001
2001-06
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.1092" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.1092</a>
Non-destructive studies of tissue-engineered phalanges by magnetic resonance microscopy and X-ray microtomography
bone; bone-mineral density; cartilage; computed-tomography; computed-tomography; Endocrinology & Metabolism; in-vivo; macromolecules; magnetic resonance microscopy; microct; mr; quantitative; relaxation; scaffolds; tissue engineering; trabecular bone; X-ray microtomography
One of the intents of tissue engineering is to fabricate biological materials for the augmentation or replacement of impaired, damaged, or diseased human tissue. In this context, novel models of the human phalanges have been developed recently through suturing of polymer scaffolds supporting osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and tenocytes to mimic bone, cartilage, and tendon, respectively. Characterization of the model constructs has been accomplished previously through histological and biochemical means, both of which are necessarily destructive to the constructs. This report describes the application of two complementary, non-destructive, non-invasive techniques, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) and X-ray microtomography (XMT or quantitative computed tomography), to evaluate the spatial and temporal growth and developmental status of tissue elements within tissue-engineered constructs obtained after 10 and 38 weeks of implantation in athymic (nude) mice. These two times represent respective points at which model middle phalanges are comprised principally of organic components while being largely unmineralized and later become increasingly more mineralized. The spatial distribution of mineralized deposits within intact constructs was readily detected by XMT (qCT) and was comparable to low intensity zones observed on MRM hydration maps. Moreover, the MRM-derived hydration values for mineralized zones were inversely correlated with mineral densities measured by XMT. In addition, the MRM method successfully mapped fat deposits, collagenous tissues, and the hydration state of the soft tissue elements comprising the specimens. These results support the application of non-destructive, non-invasive, quantitative MRM and XMT for the evaluation of constituent tissue elements within complex constructs of engineered implants. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Potter K; Sweet D E; Anderson P; Davis G R; Isogai N; Asamura S; Kusuhara H; Landis W J
Bone
2006
2006-03
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.08.025" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.bone.2005.08.025</a>