Contrast enhanced ultrasound for focal liver lesions: how accurate is it?
diagnosis; ultrasonography; Radiology; metaanalysis; Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; ct; us; hepatocellular carcinoma; benign; ceus; Contrast enhanced ultrasound; Focal liver lesions; mri; Sensitivity; washout
With the recent FDA approval for characterization of focal liver lesions (FLL) in both pediatric and adult patients using Lumason (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles), increased use of ultrasound contrast for routine clinical use is expected. This agent has been available for many years in Europe and Asia, and a large body of literature is available regarding the sensitivity and specificity of this agent. In addition, a few studies have directly compared CEUS to CECT and CEMRI for the characterization of focal liver lesions. This paper reviews the literature to provide a background to investigators in the United States as to the accuracy of CEUS in the characterization of FLL. This paper reviews the literature regarding sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (Lumason in the USA and Sonovue in the rest of the world) since it is the only FDA approved agent in the USA for characterization of FLL. The results of other ultrasound contrast agents which are not FDA approved for abdominal indications (approval for cardiac indications) most likely will have similar results.
Barr R G
Abdominal Radiology
2018
2018-05
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1257-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s00261-017-1257-6</a>
EFFECTS OF ESTROGEN-TREATMENT ON SENSORIMOTOR TASK-PERFORMANCE AND BRAIN DOPAMINE CONCENTRATIONS IN GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE CD-1 MICE
Endocrinology & Metabolism; parkinsons-disease; Behavioral Sciences; Sensitivity; striatum; amphetamine; sex-differences; estradiol; release; locomotor-activity; castrated male-rats; rotational behavior
In Experiment I, castrated male and female CD-1 mice +/- estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment were tested for their performance on a skilled sensorimotor task consisting of walking across beams of varying widths (6, 9, 12, and 21 mm). To evaluate whether behavioral performance was related to nigrostriatal dopaminergic function, tissue dopamine concentrations were determined from the corpus striatum as well as the hypothalamus and olfactory tubercle. In general, sensorimotor performance improved for all treatment conditions as the beam width increased. Castrated male mice treated with oil vehicle showed the worst performance as indicated by significantly greater amounts of time to cross the beam. Treatment of castrated males with EB significantly improved their performance. Performance of the castrated females was not changed by EB treatment and was similar to that observed with the castrated + EB males. Significant gender differences in dopamine concentrations (female > male) were obtained in the corpus striatum, as well as the olfactory tubercle and hypothalamus. Dopamine levels were unaltered by EB treatment. In Experiment II, behavioral and neurochemical determinations were directly compared between castrated and intact male mice. Behavioral performance of castrates was significantly reduced compared to intact males. No differences in dopamine concentrations were obtained between these two groups; however, the hypothalamic dopamine/DOPAC ratio of castrates was significantly greater than that of intact male mice. These results demonstrate significant modulatory effects of EB in castrated male, but not female, mice upon sensorimotor performance and indicate that this task may provide an effective means to partial out modulatory effects of gonadal steroid hormones upon skilled sensorimotor performance. When the data of Experiments I and II are combined, it appears that the basis of this sensorimotor deficit in the males is the absence of gonadal steroid hormones. In addition, these results reveal significant gender differences in various dopaminergic systems in these mice. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
McDermott J L; Kreutzberg J D; Liu B J; Dluzen D E
Hormones and Behavior
1994
1994-03
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1006/hbeh.1994.1002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1006/hbeh.1994.1002</a>
Evidence for independent peripheral and central age-related hearing impairment.
age-related hearing impairment; central presbycusis; deficits; frequency; peripheral hearing loss; peripheral hearing loss; sensitivity; temporal processing; temporal-gap detection; thresholds
Deleterious age-related changes in the central auditory nervous system have been referred to as central age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) or central presbycusis. Central ARHI is often assumed to be the consequence of peripheral ARHI. However, it is possible that certain aspects of central ARHI are independent from peripheral ARHI. A confirmation of this possibility could lead to significant improvements in current rehabilitation practices. The major difficulty in addressing this issue arises from confounding factors, such as other age-related changes in both the cochlea and central non-auditory brain structures. Because gap detection is a common measure of central auditory temporal processing, and gap detection thresholds are less influenced by changes in other brain functions such as learning and memory, we investigated the potential relationship between age-related peripheral hearing loss (i.e., audiograms) and age-related changes in gap detection. Consistent with previous studies, a significant difference was found for gap detection thresholds between young and older adults. However, among older adults, no significant associations were observed between gap detection ability and several other independent variables including the pure tone audiogram average, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Vocabulary score, gender, and age. Statistical analyses showed little or no contributions from these independent variables to gap detection thresholds. Thus, our data indicate that age-related decline in central temporal processing is largely independent of peripheral ARHI.
Bao Jianxin; Yu Yan; Li Hui; Hawks John; Szatkowski Grace; Dade Bethany; Wang Hao; Liu Peng; Brutnell Thomas; Spehar Brent; Tye-Murray Nancy
Journal of neuroscience research
2020
2020-05-16
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
journalArticle
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24639" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/jnr.24639</a>
High-frequency Hearing In Phocid And Otariid Pinnipeds: An Interpretation Based On Inertial And Cochlear Constraints (l)
Acoustics; air; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; harp seal; middle-ear; pagophilus-groenlandicus erxleben; sensitivity; underwater audiogram
Audiograms in air and underwater, determined by previous workers for four pinniped species, two eared seals '(Otariidae) and two phocids (Phocidae), are supplemented here by measurements on their middle ear ossicular mass, enabling mechanistic interpretations of high-frequency hearing and audiogram differences. Otariid hearing is not largely affected by the medium (air/water). This indicates that cochlear constraints limit high-frequency hearing in otariids. Phocids, however, have massive middle ear ossicles, and underwater hearing has radically shifted towards higher frequencies. This suggests that the high-frequency hearing of phocids in air is constrained by ossicle inertia. (c) 2006 Acoustical Society of America.
Hemila S; Nummela S; Berta A; Reuter T
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
2006
2006-12
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1121/1.2372712" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1121/1.2372712</a>
Lateral mandibular wall thickness in Tursiops truncatus: Variation due to sex and age
age; bottlenose dolphin; hearing; intraspecific variation; lower jaw; mandible; Marine & Freshwater Biology; scaling; sensitivity; sex; thickness; Tursiops truncatus; Zoology
In odontocetes the mandibular bone serves two functions: to capture prey, and as a means of the reception and transmission of sound waves through a fat body in the mandibular canal, which opens posteriorly as the mandibular foramen. The posterior part of the lateral wall of the odontocete mandible is thin, and appears to represent a compromise between a strong mandible for prey capture and a thin vibrating plate for hearing. We studied the intraspecific variation of minimum thickness of the lateral mandibular wall along four transects (T1-T4) at the area of the mandibular foramen, in relation to the skull size and the mandibular size in different-aged bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (18 females between 1 and 42 yr, 17 males between 1 and 32 yr). The minimum thickness was absolutely at its lowest at the most posterior transect T1, but did not vary significantly between the sexes or between the ages. The minimum thickness varied significantly at the two most anterior transects, T3 and T4, both between the sexes and among the ages. The thickness increased throughout life among males, whereas in females it first increased and then starts to decrease around the age of 20.
Nummela S; Kosove J E; Lancaster T E; Thewissen J G M
Marine Mammal Science
2004
2004-07
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01174.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01174.x</a>
Methacholine Challenge Testing - Identifying Its Diagnostic Role, Testing, Coding, And Reimbursement
airway; asthma; bronchial hyperresponsiveness; clinical-practice guidelines; coding; cough; function test; General & Internal Medicine; histamine; management; practice management; private practice; pulmonary; reimbursement; Respiratory System; responsiveness; sensitivity; smokers; spirometry
Birnbaum S; Barreiro T J
Chest
2007
2007-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-1385" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1378/chest.06-1385</a>
Methacholine Challenge Testing - Identifying Its Diagnostic Role, Testing, Coding, And Reimbursement
airway; asthma; bronchial hyperresponsiveness; clinical-practice guidelines; coding; cough; function test; General & Internal Medicine; histamine; management; practice management; private practice; pulmonary; reimbursement; Respiratory System; responsiveness; sensitivity; smokers; spirometry
Methacholine challenge testing (MCT), also sometimes described as bronchoprovocation testing, is widely performed for both research and diagnostic purposes. MCT is clinically useful when the patient presents with a history of symptoms suggesting asthma, but spirometry findings are normal. Typically, MCT is performed in a pulmonary function laboratory, a clinic, or a physician's office. MCT requires time, effort, and understanding. Two standard testing regimes are identified along with proper coding and reimbursement methodologies.
Birnbaum S; Barreiro T J
Chest
2007
2007-06
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-1385" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1378/chest.06-1385</a>