1
40
16
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
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n/a
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
BR176-BR180
Issue
6
Volume
11
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The additive effects of carnitine and ascorbic acid on distally burned dorsal skin flap in rats
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Medical Science Monitor
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005
2005-06
Subject
The topic of the resource
ischemia; prevention; ultrastructure; Research & Experimental Medicine; model; metabolism; skeletal-muscle; vitamin C; burn; carnitine; skin flap; thermal-injury
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Arslan E; Basterzi Y; Aksoy A; Majka C; Unal S; Sari A; Demirkan F
Description
An account of the resource
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combined use of L-carnitine and vitamin C on partially burned skin flap in an experimental rat model. Material/Methods: In the rat dorsal skin, a 10x3 cm flap was marked. The most distal 3x3 cm part was burned to full thickness. Twenty-four rats were randomized into four groups with 6 animals in each. Group 1 was simply followed tip. Group 2 was given 0.5 mg/kg vitamin C per day for 7 days, group 3 100 mg/kg carnitine per day for 7 days, and group 4 both carnitine and vitamin C. On the eighth postoperative day, the animals were sacrificed and examined. The surviving and necrotic areas were determined by macroscopic examination and measured with a planimeter. Results: The areas of flap necrosis were measured. The median surviving areas and areas of flap necrosis, respectively, of the groups were: group 1, 16.0 cm(2) and 14.0 cm(2); group 2, 18.25 cm(2) and 11.75 cm(2); group 3, 20.0 cm(2) and 10 cm(2); and group 4, 23.75 cm(2) and 6.25 cm(2). The surviving areas of the groups were found to be significantly different (p=0.000).
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
n/a
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2005
Aksoy A
Arslan E
Basterzi Y
burn
carnitine
Demirkan F
ischemia
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Majka C
Medical Science Monitor
Metabolism
model
Prevention
Research & Experimental Medicine
Sari A
skeletal-muscle
skin flap
thermal-injury
ultrastructure
Unal S
vitamin C
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000338258.90706.2c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000338258.90706.2c</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
905-906
Issue
9
Volume
103
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Collateral Circulation The Story Continues
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Circulation Research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
2008-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
angiogenesis; arteriogenesis; receptors; cells; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; expression; Hematology; skeletal-muscle; permeability factor; vasculogenesis; vasculotropin; vegf family-members
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Chilian W M; Pung Y F
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000338258.90706.2c" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1161/01.RES.0000338258.90706.2c</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2008
angiogenesis
Arteriogenesis
Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
Cells
Chilian W M
Circulation research
expression
Hematology
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
permeability factor
Pung Y F
Receptors
skeletal-muscle
vasculogenesis
vasculotropin
vegf family-members
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.029983" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.029983</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
4040-4055
Issue
24
Volume
212
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Morphology Of The Masticatory Apparatus Facilitates Muscle Force Production At Wide Jaw Gapes In Tree-gouging Common Marmosets (callithrix Jacchus)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Experimental Biology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
3-dimensional mathematical-model; bite forces; biting; common marmosets; cross-sectional area; efficiency; fiber architecture; fiber length; jaw gape; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; masseter; masseter muscle; masticatory mechanics; muscle architecture; opening index; physiological; range; rhesus-monkey; sarcomere length operating; sarcomere-length; skeletal-muscle; superficial masseter; temporalis; tree gouging
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Eng C M; Ward S R; Vinyard C J; Taylor A B
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.029983" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1242/jeb.029983</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
2009
3-dimensional mathematical-model
bite forces
biting
common marmosets
cross-sectional area
Efficiency
Eng C M
fiber architecture
fiber length
jaw gape
Journal of Experimental Biology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
Masseter
masseter muscle
masticatory mechanics
muscle architecture
opening index
Physiological
range
rhesus-monkey
sarcomere length operating
sarcomere-length
skeletal-muscle
superficial masseter
Taylor A B
Temporalis
tree gouging
Vinyard C J
Ward S R
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199512000-00004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199512000-00004</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
1962-1970
Issue
12
Volume
23
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Comparison Of Dopamine To Dobutamine And Norepinephrine For Oxygen Delivery And Uptake In Septic Shock
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Critical Care Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
1995-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
agents; cardiac-output; catecholamines; consumption; dobutamine; dopamine; General & Internal Medicine; hemodynamics; infusion; inotropic; intra-pulmonary shunt; lactic-acidosis; norepinephrine; oxygen consumption; septic shock; severe sepsis; skeletal-muscle; therapy; transport
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hannemann L; Reinhart K; Grenzer O; Meierhellmann A; Bredle D L
Description
An account of the resource
Objectives: To test whether dopamine infusion improves oxygen delivery (D over dot O-2) and oxygen uptake (V over dot O-2) in hyperdynamic septic shock patients stabilized by adequate volume and dobutamine alone, or by the combination of dobutamine and norepinephrine. Design: Prospective clinical trial of two patient groups. Group 1 (n = 15) was stabilized with dobutamine, and group 2 (n = 10) was stabilized with dobutamine and norepinephrine. Setting: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. Patients: Twenty-five postoperative, hyperdynamic septic shock patients. Interventions: The stabilizing catecholamine infusion was replaced in a stepwise manner by dopamine to achieve a similar mean arterial pressure (dopamine doses: group 1, mean 22 +/- 15 mu g/kg/min [range 6 to 52]; and group 2, mean 57 +/- 41 mu g/kg/min [range 15 to 130]). Measurements and Main Results: A complete hemodynamic profile was performed with oxygen transport-related variables at baseline, after replacement by dopamine and after resetting to the original catecholamine infusion. The change to dopamine resulted in increases in cardiac index (group 1: 20% [p < .01]; group 2: 33% [p < .01]), and D over dot O-2 (group 1: 19% [p < .01]; group 2: 27% [p < .01]). However, V over dot O-2, whether directly measured from the respiratory gases or calculated by the cardiovascular Fick principle, did not change in both groups with dopamine, while the oxygen extraction ratio decreased significantly in both groups with dopamine. Heart rate, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, and pulmonary shunt fraction all increased with dopamine, Pao(2) decreased, but oxygen saturation remained stable in both groups with dopamine. Conclusions: Short-term dopamine infusion in hyperdynamic septic shock patients, de. spite producing higher global D over dot O-2, was not superior to dobutamine or the combination of dobutamine and norepinephrine infusion.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199512000-00004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/00003246-199512000-00004</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1995
agents
Bredle D L
cardiac-output
catecholamines
consumption
Critical care medicine
dobutamine
Dopamine
General & Internal Medicine
Grenzer O
Hannemann L
Hemodynamics
infusion
inotropic
intra-pulmonary shunt
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
lactic-acidosis
Meierhellmann A
Norepinephrine
Oxygen Consumption
Reinhart K
Septic shock
severe sepsis
skeletal-muscle
therapy
transport
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00315994" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00315994</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
381-390
Issue
5
Volume
96
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Title
A name given to the resource
Aggregation Of Myonuclei And The Spread Of Slow-tonic Myosin Immunoreactivity In Developing Muscle-spindles
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Histochemistry
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991
1991
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cell Biology; expression; fibers; heavy-chain isoforms; innervation; motor; rat; skeletal-muscle
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kucera J; Walro J M
Description
An account of the resource
The pattern of regional expression of a slowtonic myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform was studied in developing rat soleus intrafusal muscle fibers. Binding of the slow-tonic antibody (ATO) began at the equator of prenatal intrafusal fibers where sensory nerve endings are located, and spread into the polar regions of nuclear bag2 and bag1 fibers but not nuclear chain fibers during ontogeny. The onset of the ATO reactivity coincided with the appearance of equatorial clusters of myonuclei (nuclear bag formations) in bag1 and bag2 fibers. Moreover, the intensity of the ATO reaction was strongest in the region of equatorial myonuclei and decreased with increasing distance from the equator of bag1 and bag2 fibers at all stages of prenatal and postnatal development. The polar expansion of ATO reactivity continued throughout the postnatal development of bag1 fibers, but ceased shortly after birth in bag2 fiber coincident with innervation by motor axons. Thus, afferents that innervate the equator might induce the slow-tonic MHC isoform in bag2 and bag1 fibers by regulating the myosin gene expression by equatorial myonuclei, and efferents or twitch contractile activity might inhibit the spread of the slow-tonic MHC isoform into the poles of bag2 but not bag1 fibers. Absence of ATO binding in chain fibers suggests that chain myotubes may not be as susceptible to the effect of afferents as are myotubes that develop into bag2 and bag1 fibers. The different patterns of slow-tonic MHC expression in the three types of intrafusal fiber may therefore result from the interaction of three elements: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and intrafusal myotubes.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00315994" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00315994</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1991
Cell Biology
expression
fibers
heavy-chain isoforms
Histochemistry
innervation
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Kucera J
motor
rat
skeletal-muscle
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00186002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00186002</a>
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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
137-147
Issue
2
Volume
192
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Title
A name given to the resource
An Immunocytochemical Marker For Early-type-i Muscle-fibers In The Developing Rat Hindlimb
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomy and Embryology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
1995-08
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology; expression; extrafusal; fibers; isoforms; mhc isoforms; muscle development; myosin heavy-chain; myotubes; skeletal-muscle; slow myosin; slow myosins; type i fibers
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kucera J; Walro J M
Description
An account of the resource
Muscle fibers develop sequentially from several generations of myotubes that express specific isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC). We observed that the chicken-derived monoclonal antibody (mAb) S46 binds to myotubes of the fetal rat hindlimb in a specific temporal and spatial pattern. To determine the type and fate of the S46-reactive myotubes, we immunoreacted sections of fetal, neonatal and postnatal hindlimb muscles to this antibody. The mAb S46 bound to a subpopulation of primary myotubes in the tibialis anterior, and to all primary and slow/fast secondary myotubes in the soleus muscle. The S46-reactive primary myotubes represented the oldest set of myotubes in the muscles. Reactivity to S46 was present from the earliest stages of muscle development, peaked in the late fetal period, and dissipated in the first postnatal week, suggesting that mAb S46 binds to a developmental form of slow myosin. The regional distribution of myotubes that bound S46 in fetal muscles was identical to the distribution of type I (slow-twitch) fibers in the adult, indicating that S46-reactive myotubes ultimately develop into type I extrafusal fibers. Thus, mAb S46 can be used as a marker for prospective type I extrafusal fibers in the rat hindlimb.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00186002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00186002</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1995
Anatomy & Morphology
Anatomy and embryology
Developmental Biology
expression
extrafusal
fibers
isoforms
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Kucera J
mhc isoforms
Muscle Development
myosin heavy-chain
myotubes
skeletal-muscle
slow myosin
slow myosins
type i fibers
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00234305" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00234305</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
273-286
Issue
3
Volume
190
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Title
A name given to the resource
Sequences Of Intrafusal Fiber Formation Are Muscle-dependent In Rat Hindlimbs
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomy and Embryology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
1994-09
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anatomy & Morphology; cat; development; Developmental Biology; embryonic-development; expression; innervation; intrafusal fibers; motor; muscle; muscle spindles; myosin heavy chains; myosin heavy-chain; neonatal rats; skeletal-muscle; slow myosin; spindles; tenuissimus muscles
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kucera J; Walro J M
Description
An account of the resource
A rat muscle spindle typically contains four intrafusal fibers - one nuclear bag(2), one nuclear bag, and two nuclear chain fibers. We compared the sequence of formation of the three intrafusal fiber types among the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL) and medial gastrocnemius (RIG) muscles using immunocytochemistry of spindle-specific myosin heavy chain isoforms. Spindles of the TA began to differentiate earlier and acquired the full complement of intrafusal fibers sooner than spindles of the SOL or MG muscles. At the onset of spindle assembly, the intrafusal myotubes expressed myosin heavy chains similar to those expressed by extrafusal myotubes. The first intrafusal myotube then differentiated into the bag, fiber regardless of the muscle. However, the fate of the second-forming intrafusal myotube varied among the muscles studied. It usually differentiated into a chain fiber in the TA, into a bag(1) fiber in the SOL, and into either a bag(1) or a chain in the MG. The fate of the third-forminge was reciprocal to that of the second; i.e. in those spindles in which the bag(1) fiber was second to form, a chain was third, and vice versa. The fourth and last intrafusal myotube gave rise to a chain fiber. The inter- and intramuscular variability in the fate of intrafusal myotubes of the second and third generation argues against the existence of a program intrinsic to the myotubes that would mandate their differentiation along specific paths. Rather, an extrinsic regulatory factor, probably associated with the primary afferent neuron, may govern differentiation of pluripotential myotubes into particular types of intrafusal fiber. The fate of the intrafusal myotubes might then depend on the timing of the regulatory effect of afferents relative to the stage of development of the intrafusal bundle.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00234305" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00234305</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1994
Anatomy & Morphology
Anatomy and embryology
cat
development
Developmental Biology
embryonic-development
expression
innervation
intrafusal fibers
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Kucera J
motor
Muscle
muscle spindles
myosin heavy chains
myosin heavy-chain
neonatal rats
skeletal-muscle
slow myosin
spindles
tenuissimus muscles
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00185950" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00185950</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
409-418
Issue
4
Volume
188
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Title
A name given to the resource
Transient Expression Of A Slow-tonic Mhc Isoform By Extrafusal Fibers In The Developing Rat
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Anatomy and Embryology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993
1993-10
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anatomy & Morphology; denervation; Developmental Biology; diversity; extrafusal fibers; intrafusal fibers; intrafusal muscle-fibers; monoclonal-antibody; motor innervation; muscle; myosin heavy-chain; neonatal rats; skeletal-muscle; slow-tonic myosin; spindles
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kucera J; Walro J M
Description
An account of the resource
ALD 19, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the slow-tonic myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, has been used extensively as a marker for nuclear bag intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles in developing and adult rats. Extrafusal fibers of adult rat hindlimb muscles do not express slow-tonic MHC. However, while using ALD 19 to trace the fate of intrafusal fibers following neonatal denervation, we noted that some extrafusal fibers of neonates also bound this antibody. The immunolabeled extrafusal fibers were a subset of slow fibers located in the deep axial regions of crural muscles. The same fiber subset transiently displayed a weak affinity for ALD 19 during the first postnatal week in normal muscles. Denervation at birth increased the intensity of ALD 19 immunolabelling by these extrafusal fibers and extended the duration of the slow-tonic immunoreactivity into the 2nd postnatal week, after which expression diminished or ceased. Demonstration that some developing extrafusal fibers have a nerve-independent capacity for transiently expressing slow-tonic MHC, an MHC previously thought to be expressed only by intrafusal fibers, raises the possibility that both types of fiber originate from a subset of bipotential slow primary myotubes in rat hindlimbs.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/bf00185950" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/bf00185950</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1993
Anatomy & Morphology
Anatomy and embryology
Denervation
Developmental Biology
diversity
extrafusal fibers
intrafusal fibers
intrafusal muscle-fibers
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Kucera J
monoclonal-antibody
motor innervation
Muscle
myosin heavy-chain
neonatal rats
skeletal-muscle
slow-tonic myosin
spindles
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/40.2.1552171" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1177/40.2.1552171</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
293-307
Issue
2
Volume
40
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Expression Of Type-specific Mhc Isoforms In Rat Intrafusal Muscle-fibers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1992
1992-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
cat; Cell Biology; differentiation; fiber types; histochemistry; identification; immunocytochemistry; innervation; intrafusal; monoclonal antimyosin antibodies; monoclonal-antibody; motor; muscle fiber typing; muscle spindles; myosin heavy-chain; rat skeletal muscle; skeletal-muscle; spindles
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kucera J; Walro J M; Gorza L
Description
An account of the resource
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression by intrafusal fibers was studied by immunocytochemistry to determine how closely it parallels MHC expression by extrafusal fibers in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of the rat. Among the MHC isoforms expressed in extrafusal fibers, only the slow-twitch MHC of Type 1 extrafusal fibers was expressed along much of the fibers. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for this MHC bound to the entire length of bag2 fibers and the extracapsular region of bag1 fibers. The fast-twitch MHC isoform strongly expressed by bag2 and chain fibers had an epitope not recognized by MAb to the MHC isoforms characteristic of developing muscle fibers or the three subtypes (2A, 2B, 2X) of Type 2 extrafusal fibers. Therefore, intrafusal fibers may express a fast-twitch MHC that is not expressed by extrafusal fibers. Unlike extrafusal fibers, all three intrafusal fiber types bound MAb generated against mammalian heart and chicken limb muscles. The similarity of the fast-twitch MHC of bag2 and chain fibers and the slow-tonic MHC of bag1 and bag2 fibers to the MHC isoforms expressed in avian extrafusal fibers suggests that phylogenetically primitive MHCs might persist in intrafusal fibers. Data are discussed relative to the origin and regional regulation of MHC isoforms in intrafusal and extrafusal fibers of rat hindlimb muscles.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1177/40.2.1552171" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1177/40.2.1552171</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
1992
cat
Cell Biology
differentiation
fiber types
Gorza L
Histochemistry
identification
immunocytochemistry
innervation
intrafusal
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
Kucera J
monoclonal antimyosin antibodies
monoclonal-antibody
motor
muscle fiber typing
muscle spindles
myosin heavy-chain
rat skeletal muscle
skeletal-muscle
spindles
Walro J M
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M016048" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M016048</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
2234-2244
Issue
12
Volume
52
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Dissociation of diabetes and obesity in mice lacking orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Lipid Research
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2011
2011-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
beta-oxidation; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; birth-weight; diet-induced obesity; fatty-acid oxidation; hepatic steatosis; induced; insulin sensitivity; insulin-resistance; lipid-metabolism; liver; negative feedback-regulation; oxygen consumption; quotient; respiratory; retinoic acid; signaling pathways; skeletal-muscle
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Park Y J; Kim S C; Kim J; Anakk S; Lee J M; Tseng H T; Yechoor V; Park J; Choi J S; Jang H C; Lee K U; Novak C M; Moore D D; Lee Y K
Description
An account of the resource
Mixed background SHP(-/-) mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity due to increased energy expenditure caused by enhanced PGC-1 alpha expression in brown adipocytes. However, congenic SHP(-/-) mice on the C57BL/6 background showed normal expression of PGC-1 alpha and other genes involved in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Thus, we reinvestigated the impact of small heterodimer partner (SHP) deletion on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance using congenic SHP(-/-) mice. Compared with their C57BL/6 wild-type counterparts, SHP(-/-) mice subjected to a 6 month challenge with a Western diet (WestD) were leaner but more glucose intolerant, showed hepatic insulin resistance despite decreased triglyceride accumulation and increased beta-oxidation, exhibited alterations in peripheral tissue uptake of dietary lipids, maintained a higher respiratory quotient, which did not decrease even after WestD feeding, and displayed islet dysfunction. Hepatic mRNA expression analysis revealed that many genes expressed higher in SHP(-/-) mice fed WestD were direct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) targets. Indeed, transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation verified that SHP strongly repressed PPAR alpha-mediated transactivation. SHP is a pivotal metabolic sensor controlling lipid homeostasis in response to an energy-laden diet through regulating PPAR alpha-mediated transactivation. The resultant hepatic fatty acid oxidation enhancement and dietary fat redistribution protect the mice from diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis but accelerate development of type 2 diabetes.-Park, Y. J., S. C. Kim, J. Kim, S. Anakk, J. M. Lee, H-T. Tseng, V. Yechoor, J. Park, J-S. Choi, H. C. Jang, K-U. Lee, C. M. Novak, D. D. Moore, and Y. K. Lee. Dissociation of diabetes and obesity in mice lacking orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. J. Lipid Res. 2011. 52: 2234-2244.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M016048" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1194/jlr.M016048</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2011
Anakk S
beta-oxidation
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
birth-weight
Choi J S
diet-induced obesity
fatty-acid oxidation
hepatic steatosis
Induced
insulin sensitivity
insulin-resistance
Jang H C
Journal Article
Journal of lipid research
Kim J
Kim S C
Lee J M
Lee K U
Lee Y K
lipid-metabolism
Liver
Moore D D
negative feedback-regulation
Novak C M
Oxygen Consumption
Park J
Park Y J
quotient
respiratory
retinoic acid
signaling pathways
skeletal-muscle
Tseng H T
Yechoor V
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25100" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25100</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
404-412
Issue
2
Volume
111
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Title
A name given to the resource
Automated, Spatio-Temporally Controlled Cell Microprinting With Polymeric Aqueous Biphasic System
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2014
2014-02
Subject
The topic of the resource
aqueous two-phase system; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; cell printing; coculture; fabrication; geometries; liquid; mammalian-cells; mechanisms; proliferation; scaffolds; skeletal-muscle; tissue
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Petrak D; Atefi E; Yin L Y; Chilian W; Tavana H
Description
An account of the resource
Cell printing is a promising approach to create organized constructs for tissue engineering applications. We present an automated cell printing microtechnology based on the use of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) interfaced with a three-axis motorized system. Cells suspended in the denser aqueous dextran (DEX) phase are loaded into printing tips, which are placed onto the cartridge of the motorized system. Using a computer interface, tips are lowered in the vicinity of a biological surface maintained in the immersion, aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) phase to perform a horizontal motion, autonomously dispense their contents onto the surface, and retracted out of the PEG phase. The motorized ATPS technology allows precise spatial and temporal control of the printing process and supports printing fully viable cells. We conduct a systematic study and show that the resolution of ATPS-mediated cellular patterns depends on several factors including the dimensions of the printing tips, lateral speed of tips during horizontal motion, and the loaded volume of the DEX phase in the tips. The finest resolution is mu 300 mu m obtained with a tip diameter of 200 mm at a printing tip speed of 16.5 mm/s. Higher speeds result in unstable DEX patterns that break into drops due to capillary instability, and thus are avoided. We also test a number of printing substrates and find that in addition to a cell monolayer, decellularized matrices can serve as a substrate for cell printing with ATPS. Using the principles from the characterization studies, we create duplex prints of cells to demonstrate the potential of this approach for spatio-temporally controlled cell placement. The ATPS printing microtechnology will be a step forward toward developing well-organized, three-dimensional tissue constructs. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25100" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/bit.25100</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2014
aqueous two-phase system
Atefi E
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
cell printing
Chilian W
coculture
fabrication
geometries
Journal Article
Liquid
mammalian-cells
mechanisms
Petrak D
proliferation
scaffolds
skeletal-muscle
Tavana H
tissue
Yin L Y
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
773-779
Issue
3
Volume
151
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
N-ACETYLCYSTEINE PRESERVES OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AND GASTRIC-MUCOSAL PH DURING HYPEROXIC VENTILATION
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
1995-03
Subject
The topic of the resource
cardiac-output; critically-ill patients; endotoxin; gas-exchange; General & Internal Medicine; l-arginine; nitric-oxide synthesis; relaxing factor; Respiratory System; septic patients; skeletal-muscle; superoxide
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reinhart K; Spies C D; Meierhellmann A; Bredle D L; Hannemann L; Specht M; Schaffartzik W
Description
An account of the resource
Hyperoxic ventilation, used to prevent hypoxemia during potential periods of hypoventilation, has been reported to paradoxically decrease whole body oxygen consumption (Vo(2)). Reduction in nutritive blood flow due to oxygen radical production is one possible mechanism. We investigated whether pretreatment with the sulfhydryl group donor and O-2 radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAG) would preserve whole body Vo(2) and prevent deterioration of oxygenation in gastric mucosal tissue during hyperoxia. Thirty-eight patients, requiring hemodynamic monitoring (radial and pulmonary artery catheters) due to sepsis syndrome, were included in this randomized experiment. All patients exhibited stable clinical conditions (hemodynamics, body temperature, hemoglobin, Flo(2) < 0.5). A gastric tonometer was placed to measure the gastric intramucosal pH (pH(i)), which indirectly assesses nutritive blood flow to the mucosa. Cardiac output was determined by thermodilution and Vo(2) by cardiovascular Fick. After baseline measurements, patients randomly received either 150 mg . kg(-1) NAC (n = 19) or placebo (n = 19) in 250 ml 5% dextrose intravenously over a period of 15 min. Measurements were repeated 30 min after starting NAC or placebo infusion, 30 min after starting hyperoxia (Flo(2) = 1.0), and 60 min after resetting the original Flo(2). There were no significant differences between groups in any of the measurements before treatment and after the return to baseline Flo(2) at the end of the study. NAG, but not placebo infusion, caused a slight but significant increase in cardiac output and decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Significant differences between groups during hyperoxia were: Vo(2) (NAG: 114 +/- 9 mi min(-1) m(-2) versus placebo: 81 +/- 31 ml . min(-1) m(-2); p = 0.008) and oxygen extraction ratio (NAG: 21 +/- 6% versus placebo: 14 +/- 5%; p = 0.003). The mean decrease of Vo(2) was 11% in the NAC group versus 34% in the placebo group. The mean decrease of the oxygen extraction ratio was 12% in the NAC group versus 34% in the placebo group. NAC prevented a decrease in pH(i) in hyperoxia (NAG: 7.28 +/- 0.10 versus placebo: 7.14 +/- 0.18; p = 0.012). NAC helped preserve whole body oxygen uptake, oxygen extraction ratio, and pH(i) during brief hyperoxia in these septic patients. This suggests that pretreatment with NAC can attenuate impaired tissue oxygenation during hyperoxia.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
n/a
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
1995
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Bredle D L
cardiac-output
critically-ill patients
endotoxin
gas-exchange
General & Internal Medicine
Hannemann L
Journal Article
l-arginine
Meierhellmann A
nitric-oxide synthesis
Reinhart K
relaxing factor
Respiratory System
Schaffartzik W
septic patients
skeletal-muscle
Specht M
Spies C D
superoxide
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
n/a
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
1738-1746
Issue
11
Volume
22
Search for Full-text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
INFLUENCE OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE ON INDIRECT INDICATORS OF TISSUE OXYGENATION IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS - RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND-STUDY
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Critical Care Medicine
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1994
1994-11
Subject
The topic of the resource
blood gas analysis; critical illness; critically-ill patients; endotoxin; gastric mucosa; General & Internal Medicine; glutathione; intramural ph; l-arginine; multiple organ failure; n-acetylcysteine; nitric-oxide synthesis; organ failure; oxygen consumption; ph; relaxing factor; sepsis; septic; shock; skeletal-muscle; tissue oxygenation
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Spies C D; Reinhart K; Witt I; Meierhellmann A; Hannemann L; Bredle D L; Schaffartzik W
Description
An account of the resource
Objectives: Deactivation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor due to an increased oxygen radical load during sepsis may contribute to an impairment in microcirculatory blood flow. We investigated whether treatment with the sulfhydryl donor and oxygen radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine, would improve whole-body oxygen consumption (Vo(2)), gastric intramucosal pH, and veno-arterial CO2 gradient (veno-arterial PCO2) during septic shock. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted over 2 yrs. Setting: Septic shock patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients: Fifty-eight patients requiring hemodynamic monitoring (radial and pulmonary artery catheters) due to septic shock, were included in this study. All patients were examined within 72 hrs after the onset of sepsis. They were optimally resuscitated by conventional means with volume and inotropic agents, and exhibited stable clinical conditions (hemodynamic values, body temperature, hemoglobin, FIO2). Interventions: A gastric tonometer was inserted to measure the gastric intramucosal pH. Subjects randomly received either 150 mg/kg of intravenous N-acetylcysteine or placebo over a 15-min period, then a continuous infusion of 12.5 mg/hr of N-acetylcysteine or placebo over similar to 90 mins. Measurements: Infusion measurements were begun 60 mins after the beginning of infusion and lasted similar to 30 mins. The infusion was then discontinued and 2 hrs later the final measurements were taken. Main Results: Basic patient characteristics (age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II scores, Multiple Organ Failure scores) did not differ significantly, nor did pre- and 2-hr postinfusion measurements differ between any of the groups. Thirteen (45%) patients responded (i.e., showed an increase in Vo(2) >10%, reaching a mean of 19%) to the N-acetylcysteine infusion. The N-acetylcysteine responders also showed an increase in gastric intramucosal pH, a decrease in veno-arterial PCO2, an increase in oxygen delivery, cardiac index, stroke index, and left ventricular stroke work index, as well as a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance in comparison to baseline. The N-acetylcysteine nonresponders, as well as the patients in the placebo group, did not show any significant changes in any of these variables. The N-acetylcysteine responders had a higher survival rate (69%) than the nonresponders (19%) and were studied earlier after onset of sepsis (37 hrs) than the nonresponders (61 hrs). The only significant difference between the entire N-acetylcysteine group (which included responders plus nonresponders) and the placebo group was an increased 30, in the entire N-acetylcysteine group during infusion measurements. Conclusions: N-acetylcysteine provided a transient improvement in tissue oxygenation in about half of the septic shock patients, as indicated by an increase in Vo(2) and gastric intramucosal pH and a decrease in veno-arterial PCO2. The higher survival rate in the N-acetylcysteine responders and the fact that half of the patients receiving N-acetylcysteine did not respond, suggests that, in some patients, sepsis irreversibly damages the microvasculature to the extent that N-acetylcysteine has no effect. If analyzed by intention to treat, the N-acetylcysteine did not produce effects that were significantly different from the placebo. Whether the N-acetylcysteine challenge was merely diagnostic or whether N-acetylcysteine can be effective in the treatment of sepsis deserves further investigation.
Identifier
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n/a
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
1994
Blood Gas Analysis
Bredle D L
Critical care medicine
Critical Illness
critically-ill patients
endotoxin
gastric mucosa
General & Internal Medicine
Glutathione
Hannemann L
intramural ph
Journal Article
l-arginine
Meierhellmann A
multiple organ failure
n-acetylcysteine
nitric-oxide synthesis
organ failure
Oxygen Consumption
ph
Reinhart K
relaxing factor
Schaffartzik W
sepsis
septic
Shock
skeletal-muscle
Spies C D
tissue oxygenation
Witt I
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
353-367
Issue
3
Volume
139
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Title
A name given to the resource
The Functional Correlates of Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture in Tree-Gouging and Nongouging Callitrichid Monkeys
Publisher
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-07
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; arboreal guenons; bite force; callitrichids; cross-sectional area; Evolutionary Biology; Exudativory; Fiber length; gape; internal architecture; jaw; marmosets; masseter muscle; morphology; physiologic cross-sectional area; rabbit oryctolagus-cuniculus; sarcomere-length; skeletal-muscle; tamarins; temporalis muscle; world monkeys
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Taylor A B; Eng C M; Anapol F C; Vinyard C J
Description
An account of the resource
Common (Callithrix jacchus) and pygmy (Cebuella pygmaea) marmosets and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) share broadly similar diets of fruits, insects, and tree exudates. Marmosets, however, differ from tamarins in actively gouging trees with their anterior dentition to elicit tree exudates flow. Tree gouging in common marmosets involves the generation of relatively wide jaw gapes, but not necessarily relatively large bite forces. We compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporalis muscles in C. jacchus (N = 18), C. pygmaea (N = 5), and S. oedipus (N = 13). We tested the hypothesis that tree-gouging marmosets would exhibit relatively longer fibers and other architectural variables that facilitate muscle stretch, As an architectural trade-off between maximizing muscle excursion/contraction velocity and muscle force, we also tested the hypothesis that marmosets would exhibit relatively less pinnate fibers, smaller physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA), and lower priority indices (I) for force. As predicted, marmosets display relatively longer-fibered muscles, a higher ratio of fiber length to muscle mass, and a relatively greater potential excursion of the distal tendon attachments, all of which favor muscle stretch. Marmosets further display relatively smaller PCSAs and other features that reflect a reduced capacity for force generation. The longer fibers and attendant higher contraction velocities likely facilitate the production of relatively wide jaw gapes and the capacity to generate more power from their jaw muscles during gouging. The observed functional trade-off between muscle excursion/contraction velocity and muscle force suggests that primate jaw-muscle architecture reflects evolutionary changes related to jaw movements as one of a number of functional demands imposed on the masticatory apparatus. Am J Phys Anthropol 139:353-367, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20991" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1002/ajpa.20991</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2009
American journal of physical anthropology
Anapol F C
Anthropology
arboreal guenons
Bite Force
callitrichids
cross-sectional area
Eng C M
Evolutionary Biology
Exudativory
fiber length
gape
internal architecture
jaw
Journal Article
marmosets
masseter muscle
morphology
Physiologic cross-sectional area
rabbit oryctolagus-cuniculus
sarcomere-length
skeletal-muscle
tamarins
Taylor A B
temporalis muscle
Vinyard C J
world monkeys
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001</a>
Rights
Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).
Pages
710-720
Issue
6
Volume
57
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Title
A name given to the resource
Jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tufted capuchins favors generating relatively large muscle forces without compromising jaw gape
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Journal of Human Evolution
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2009
2009-12
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anthropology; Cebus; cross-sectional area; dental microwear; Early; enamel thickness; Evolutionary Biology; feeding-behavior; Fiber length; genus cebus; hominin diet; mandibular morphology; masseter; masseter muscle; maximal bite force; myofibrillar atpase activity; PCSA; sarcomere-length; skeletal-muscle; Temporalis
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Taylor A B; Vinyard C J
Description
An account of the resource
Tufted capuchins (sensu lato) are renowned for their dietary flexibility and capacity to exploit hard and tough objects. Cebus apella differs from other capuchins in displaying a suite of craniodental features that have been functionally and adaptively linked to their feeding behavior, particularly the generation and dissipation of relatively large jaw forces. We compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporalis muscles between C. apella (n = 12) and two "untufted" capuchins (C. capucinus, n = 3; C. albifrons, n = 5). These three species share broadly similar diets, but tufted capuchins occasionally exploit mechanically challenging tissues. We tested the hypothesis that tufted capuchins exhibit architectural properties of their jaw muscles that facilitate relatively large forces including relatively greater physiologic cross-sectional areas (PCSA), more pinnate fibers, and lower ratios of mass to tetanic tension (Mass/P-0). Results show some evidence supporting these predictions, as C. apella has relatively greater superficial masseter and temporalis PCSAs, significantly so only for the temporalis following Bonferroni adjustment. Capuchins did not differ in pinnation angle or Mass/P-0. As an architectural trade-off between maximizing muscle force and muscle excursion/contraction velocity, we also tested the hypothesis that C. apella exhibits relatively shorter muscle fibers. Contrary to our prediction, there are no significant differences in relative fiber lengths between tufted and untufted capuchins. Therefore, we attribute the relatively greater PCSAs in tufted capuchins primarily to their larger muscle masses. These findings suggest that relatively large jaw-muscle PCSAs can be added to the suite of masticatory features that have been functionally linked to the exploitation of a more resistant diet by C. apella. By enlarging jaw-muscle mass to increase PCSA, rather than reducing fiber lengths and increasing pinnation, tufted capuchins appear to have increased jaw-muscle and bite forces without markedly compromising muscle excursion and contraction velocity. One performance advantage of this morphology is that it promotes relatively large bite forces at wide jaw gapes, which may be useful for processing large food items along the posterior dentition. We further hypothesize that this morphological pattern may have the ecological benefit of facilitating the dietary diversity seen in tufted capuchins. Lastly, the observed feeding on large objects, coupled with a jaw-muscle architecture that facilitates this behavior, raises concerns about utilizing C. apella as an extant behavioral model for hominins that might have specialized on small objects in their diets. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.001</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Journal Article
2009
Anthropology
Cebus
cross-sectional area
dental microwear
Early
enamel thickness
Evolutionary Biology
feeding-behavior
fiber length
genus cebus
hominin diet
Journal Article
Journal of human evolution
mandibular morphology
Masseter
masseter muscle
maximal bite force
myofibrillar atpase activity
PCSA
sarcomere-length
skeletal-muscle
Taylor A B
Temporalis
Vinyard C J
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
URL Address
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s004180050085" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://doi.org/10.1007/s004180050085</a>
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Pages
19-29
Issue
1
Volume
107
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Title
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Relationships between NADPH diaphorase staining and neuronal, endothelial, and inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytochrome P450 reductase immunoreactivities in guinea-pig tissues
Publisher
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Histochemistry and Cell Biology
Date
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1997
1997-01
Subject
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brain; Cell Biology; cells; expression; histochemical-localization; in-situ hybridization; Microscopy; no synthase; pig intestine; rat; signal-transduction; skeletal-muscle
Creator
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Young H M; Obrien A J; Furness J B; Ciampoli D; Hardwick J P; McCabe T J; Narayanasami R; Masters B S S; Tracey W R
Description
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The presence of NADPH diaphorase staining was compared with the immunohistochemical localization of four NADPH-dependent enzymes - neuronal (type I), inducible (type LI), and endothelial (type III) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cytochrome P450 reductase. Cell types that were immunoreactive for the NADPH-dependent enzymes were also stained for NADPH diaphorase, suggesting that endothelial and neuronal NOS and cytochrome P450 reductase all show NADPH diaphorase activity in formaldehyde-fixed tissue. However, in some tissues, the presence of NADPH diaphorase staining did not coincide with the presence of any of the NADPH-dependent enzymes we examined. In Vascular endothelial cells, the punctate pattern of staining observed with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry was identical to that seen following immunohistochemistry using antibodies to endothelial NOS. In enteric and pancreatic neurons and in skeletal muscle, the presence of NADPH diaphorase staining correlated with the presence of neuronal NOS. In the liver, sebaceous glands of the skin, ciliated epithelium, and a subpopulation of the cells in the subserosal glands of the trachea, zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and epithelial cells of the lacrimal and salivary glands, the presence of NADPH diaphorase staining coincided with the presence of cytochrome P450 reductase immunoreactivity. In epithelial cells of the renal tubules and zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex, NADPH diaphorase staining was observed that did not coincide with the presence of any of the enzymes. Inducible NOS was not observed in any tissue. Thus, while tissues that demonstrate immunoreactivity for neuronal and endothelial NOS also stain positively for NADPH diaphorase activity, the presence of NADPH diaphorase staining does not reliably or specifically indicate the presence of one or more NOS isoforms.
Identifier
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<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s004180050085" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1007/s004180050085</a>
Format
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Journal Article
1997
Brain
Cell Biology
Cells
Ciampoli D
expression
Furness J B
Hardwick J P
histochemical-localization
Histochemistry and Cell Biology
in-situ hybridization
Journal Article
Masters B S S
McCabe T J
Microscopy
Narayanasami R
no synthase
Obrien A J
pig intestine
rat
signal-transduction
skeletal-muscle
Tracey W R
Young H M