Impact Of Parturition On Chemokine Homing Factor Expression In The Vaginal Distention Model Of Stress Urinary Incontinence
animal-model; cells; cytokines; deficiency; delivery; female; obstetric; pregnancy; rats; simulated childbirth injuries; urethra; urogenital organs; Urology & Nephrology; vagina; women; wounds and injuries
Purpose: Human childbirth simulated by vaginal distention is known to increase the expression of chemokines and receptors involved in stem cell homing and tissue repair. We hypothesized that pregnancy and parturition in rats contributes to the expression of chemokines and receptors after vaginal distention. Materials and Methods: We used 72 age matched female Lewis rats, including virgin rats with and without vaginal distention, and delivered rats with and without vaginal distention. Each rat was sacrificed immediately, or 3 or 7 days after vaginal distention and/or parturition, and the urethra was harvested. Relative expression of chemokines and receptors was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mixed models were used with the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: Vaginal distention up-regulated urethral expression of CCL7 immediately after injury in virgin and postpartum rats. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor were up-regulated only in virgin rats immediately after vaginal distention. CD191 expression was immediately up-regulated in postpartum rats without vaginal distention compared to virgin rats without vaginal distention. CD195 was up-regulated in virgin rats 3 days after vaginal distention compared to virgin rats without vaginal distention. CD193 and CXCR4 showed delayed up-regulation in virgin rats 7 days after vaginal distention. CXCL12 was up-regulated in virgin rats 3 days after vaginal distention compared to immediately after vaginal distention. Interleukin-8 and CD192 showed no differential expression. Conclusions: Vaginal distention results in up-regulation of the chemokines and receptors expressed during tissue injury, which may facilitate the spontaneous functional recovery previously noted. Pregnancy and delivery up-regulated CD191 and attenuated the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in the setting of vaginal distention, likely by decreasing hypoxia.
Lenis A T; Kuang M; Woo L L; Hijaz A; Penn M S; Butler R S; Rackley R; Damaser M S; Wood H M
Journal of Urology
2013
2013-04
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.096" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.096</a>
Suspected Scaphoid Fractures In Skeletally Immature Patients: Application Of Mri
bones; children; fractures; magnetic resonance imaging; Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Radiology; scaphoid; wounds and injuries; wrist trauma
Cook P A; Yu J S; Wiand W; Cook A J; Coleman C R
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
1997
1997-07
Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199707000-00001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1097/00004728-199707000-00001</a>
Curling iron-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments
accident/injury prevention; burns; consumer product safety; Emergency Medicine; eye burns; wounds and injuries
Objective: To describe curling iron-related injuries reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1996. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed data from NEISS, a weighted probability sample of emergency departments (EDs) developed to monitor consumer product-related injuries. The information reported includes patient demographics, injury diagnosis, body part injured, incident locale, patient disposition, and a brief narrative description. The authors reviewed the narrative in the hair care products category and abstracted records indicating the injury was caused by contact with a curling iron. Also analyzed were the design features of commonly available curling irons purchased from national discount department stores. Results: There were an estimated 105,081 hair care product-related injuries in the five-year period, of which 82,151 (78%) involved a curling iron. Seventy percent of injuries were to females. The patient's median age was 8 years (range 1 month to 96 years). The most commonly occurring injury was thermal burns (97%; 79,912/82,151). Ninety-eight percent of the injuries occurred in the home and 99% of the patients were discharged home from the ED. In patients <4 years old, 56% of burns occurred by grabbing or touching, while in those 10 years the burns occurred by contact while in use. In the older group 69% of burns were of the cornea. Most curling irons use small amounts of power, yet there are no standards for temperature settings or control. The cylinder containing the heating element is mostly exposed, and many irons do not have a power switch. Conclusions: The most common injury resulting from curling irons is thermal burns. The mechanisms and patterns of injury in developmentally distinct age groups suggest that many of these injuries could be prevented by public education and the re-engineering of curling irons.
Qazi K; Gerson L W; Christopher N C; Kessler E; Ida N
Academic Emergency Medicine
2001
2001-04
Journal Article
<a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb02121.x" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb02121.x</a>