The contractile patterns, anatomy and physiology of the hyoid musculature change longitudinally through infancy.

The contractile patterns, anatomy and physiology of the hyoid musculature change longitudinally through infancy.

Mayerl CJ; Steer KE; Chava AM; Bond LE; Edmonds CE; Gould FDH; Stricklen BM; Hieronymous TL; German RZ

Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Biological Sciences

2021

2021-03-10

All mammalian infants suckle, a fundamentally different process than drinking in adults. Infant mammal oropharyngeal anatomy is also anteroposteriorly compressed and becomes more elongate postnatally. While suckling and drinking require different patterns of muscle use and kinematics, little insight exists into how the neuromotor and anatomical systems change through the time that infants suckle. We measured the orientation, activity and contractile patterns of five muscles active during infant feeding from early infancy until weaning using a pig model. Muscles not aligned with the long axis of the body became less mediolaterally orientated with age. However, the timing of activation and the contractile patterns of those muscles exhibited little change, although variation was larger in younger infants than older infants. At both ages, there were differences in contractile patterns within muscles active during both sucking and swallowing, as well as variation among muscles during swallowing. The changes in anatomy, coupled with less variation closer to weaning and little change in muscle firing and shortening patterns suggest that the neuromotor system may be optimized to transition to solid foods. The lesser consequences of aspiration during feeding on an all-liquid diet may not necessitate the evolution of variation in neuromotor function through infancy.

ontogeny; mammal; feeding; swallowing; ANATOMY; EMG; DEGLUTITION; PHYSIOLOGY; HYOID bone; INFANTS; MAMMAL anatomy; MOTOR unit

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journalArticle

20210052

1946

288

1471-2954 0962-8452

NEOMED College of Medicine

NEOMED Postdoc Publications

Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology

April 2021 List