Raman spectroscopic documentation of Oligocene bladder stone.

Raman spectroscopic documentation of Oligocene bladder stone.

Rothschild Bruce M; Martin Larry D; Anderson Brendan; Marshall Alison Olcott; Marshall Craig P

Die Naturwissenschaften

2013

2013-08

Discovery of a fossil (30-35 million-year-old) urolith from Early Oligocene deposits in northeastern Colorado provides the earliest evidence for the antiquity of bladder stones. These are spherical objects with a layered phosphatic structure and a hollow center. Each layer is composed of parallel crystals oriented perpendicular to the surface. Macroscopic and microscopic examination and X-ray diffraction analysis, along with comparison with 1,000 contemporary uroliths, were used as evidence in the confirmation of this diagnosis. Raman microspectroscopy verified the presence of organic material between layers, confirming its biologic origin.

*Fossils; Animals; Raman; Spectrum Analysis; Urinary Bladder Calculi/*chemistry; X-Ray Diffraction

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789–794

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