Bile acid regulation of gene expression: roles of nuclear hormone receptors.

Title

Bile acid regulation of gene expression: roles of nuclear hormone receptors.

Creator

Chiang John Y L

Publisher

Endocrine reviews

Date

2002
2002-08

Description

Bile acids derived from cholesterol and oxysterols derived from cholesterol and bile acid synthesis pathways are signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammals. Many nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Bile acids activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to inhibit transcription of the gene for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and stimulate excretion and transport of bile acids. Therefore, FXR is a bile acid sensor that protects liver from accumulation of toxic bile acids and xenobiotics. Oxysterols activate the liver orphan receptors (LXR) to induce cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette family of transporters and thus promote reverse cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver for degradation to bile acids. LXR also induces the sterol response element binding protein-1c that regulates lipogenesis. Therefore, FXR and LXR play critical roles in coordinate control of bile acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride metabolism to maintain lipid homeostasis. Nuclear receptors and bile acid/oxysterol-regulated genes are potential targets for developing drug therapies for lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides and treating cardiovascular and liver diseases.

Subject

Animals; Bile Acids and Salts/*physiology; Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*physiology; Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology; Humans; Receptors

Rights

Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).

Pages

443–463

Issue

4

Volume

23

Citation

Chiang John Y L, “Bile acid regulation of gene expression: roles of nuclear hormone receptors.,” NEOMED Bibliography Database, accessed March 28, 2024, https://neomed.omeka.net/items/show/4901.