Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

Understanding Bile Acid Signaling in Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

Ferrell Jessica M; Chiang John Y L

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

2019

2019-06

Diabetes and obesity have reached an epidemic status worldwide. Diabetes increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Primary bile acids are synthesized in hepatocytes and are transformed to secondary bile acids in the intestine by gut bacteria. Bile acids are nutrient sensors and metabolic integrators that regulate lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis by activating nuclear farnesoid X receptor and membrane Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. Bile acids control gut bacteria overgrowth, species population, and protect the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Gut bacteria, in turn, control circulating bile acid composition and pool size. Dysregulation of bile acid homeostasis and dysbiosis causes diabetes and obesity. Targeting bile acid signaling and the gut microbiome have therapeutic potential for treating diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Bile acids and salts; cytoplasmic and nuclear; G-protein-coupled; Gastrointestinal microbiome; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Receptors

Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the journal listed under publisher and/or the creator(s).

257-272

3

43