The Influence of Experimental Manipulations on Chewing Speed During In Vivo Laboratory Research in Tufted Capuchins (Cebus apella)

The Influence of Experimental Manipulations on Chewing Speed During In Vivo Laboratory Research in Tufted Capuchins (Cebus apella)

Thompson C L; Donley E M; Stimpson C D; Horne W I; Vinyard C J

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

2011

2011-07

Even though in vivo studies of mastication in living primates are often used to test functional and adaptive hypotheses explaining primate masticatory behavior, we currently have little data addressing how experimental procedures performed in the laboratory influence mastication. The obvious logistical issue in assessing how animal manipulation impacts feeding physiology reflects the difficulty in quantifying mechanical parameters without handling the animal. In this study, we measured chewing cycle duration as a mechanical variable that can be collected remotely to: 1) assess how experimental manipulations affect chewing speed in Cebus apella, 2) compare captive chewing cycle durations to that of wild conspecifics, and 3) document sources of variation (beyond experimental manipulation) impacting captive chewing cycle durations. We find that experimental manipulations do increase chewing cycle durations in C. apella by as much as 152 milliseconds (ms) on average. These slower chewing speeds are mainly an effect of anesthesia (and/or restraint), rather than electrode implantation or more invasive surgical procedures. Comparison of captive and wild C. apella suggest there is no novel effect of captivity on chewing speed, although this cannot unequivocally demonstrate that masticatory mechanics are similar in captive and wild individuals. Furthermore, we document significant differences in cycle durations due to inter-individual variation and food type, although duration did not always significantly correlate with mechanical properties of foods. We advocate that the significant reduction in chewing speed be considered as an appropriate qualification when applying the results of laboratory-based feeding studies to adaptive explanations of primate feeding behaviors. Am J Phys Anthropol 145: 402-414, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

anthropoid primates; Anthropology; bone strain; elastic model foods; Evolutionary Biology; experimental conditions; human mastication; jaw-muscle electromyography; lemurs lemur-catta; macaca-fascicularis; mandibular corpus; mastication; national-park; platyrrhine; symphyseal fusion

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402-414

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