Enhancement of Early-Stage Cancer Detection by Liquid Biopsy using Nanoparticle Platforms

Enhancement of Early-Stage Cancer Detection by Liquid Biopsy using Nanoparticle Platforms

Ghanta P; Winschel T; Oyewumi MO

Journal of Medical Sciences at NEOMED

2023

Cancer has consistently been a public health burden for many decades, responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Effective cancer diagnostic methods are crucial to improving patients' survival and timely implementation of therapeutic and surgical interventions. Current diagnostic technologies are much more efficient in detecting cancer at late stages (stages 3 and 4) than early stages (stages 1 and 2), typically in solid tumor-based cancers. Meanwhile, cancer metastasis is a prominent feature of late stages, which poses a significant barrier to the effectiveness of therapeutic and surgical interventions. Thus, detecting early-stage cancer is crucial when the disease remains within the primary site. Though liquid biopsy has gained attention for noninvasive and low-cost diagnosis, cancer biomarkers present at early stages are at concentrations too low for conventional methods to detect with specificity. The low concentrations of early-stage cancer biomarkers pose a significant barrier in diagnosing patients with high sensitivity and specificity. This drawback can be addressed through an innovative combination of diagnostic nanoparticle platforms with liquid biopsy procedures. The strategy has been demonstrated to remarkably improve the efficiency of detecting early-stage biomarkers at the lowest concentration possible, i.e., decreasing the limit of detection (LOD). This review will assess the utility of various nanoparticle platforms in developing novel diagnostic techniques for early-stage cancer detection.

early-stage cancer; gold nanoparticles; quantum dots; magnetic nanoparticles

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Article information provided for research and reference use only. All rights are retained by the Journal of Medical Sciences at NEOMED.

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NEOMED College of Pharmacy

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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