Mechanisms of Gene-Environment Interactions in Parkinson's Disease.

Mechanisms of Gene-Environment Interactions in Parkinson's Disease.

Fleming Sheila M

Current environmental health reports

2017

2017-06

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of the study was to discuss the main mechanisms associated with environmental and genetic factors that contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). RECENT FINDINGS: Novel genetic contributors to PD are being identified at a rapid pace in addition to novel environmental factors. The discovery of mutations in alpha-synuclein and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 causing inherited forms of PD along with epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies identifying herbicides, pesticides, and metals as risk factors have dramatically improved our understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of PD. However, at the same time, these discoveries have also added layers of complexity to the disease. Within the last several years, the genetics associated with PD has dominated the field in many ways; however, the majority of PD cases are likely due to different combinations of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility. The most common toxicants used to model PD including rotenone, paraquat, and

*Alpha-synuclein; *ATP13A2; *Gene-Environment Interaction; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease; *Manganese; *Paraquat; *Parkinson Disease; *Parkinson's disease; *Rotenone; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects; Herbicides/adverse effects; Humans; Insecticides/adverse effects; Mutation/genetics; Paraquat/adverse effects; Risk Factors; Rotenone/adverse effects

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