Browse Items (332 total)

Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole‐rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity and are considered a novel model to…

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are known to reflect emotional processing, brain neurochemistry, and brain function. Collecting and processing USV data is manual, time-intensive, and costly, creating a significant bottleneck by limiting …

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are zinc containing carbapenemases that inactivate a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics. There is a lack of β-lactamase inhibitors for restoring existing β-lactam antibiotics arsenals against common bacterial …

Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs are an essential class of antivirals for COVID-19 treatment. Several nucleoside/nucleotide analogs have shown promising effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro ; however, their in vivo efficacy is limited.…

Aims: Cellular response to hypoxia can include transition from respiration to glycolysis via upregulation of glycolytic enzymes and transporters, as well as mitophagy induction to eliminate surplus mitochondria. Our purpose was to evaluate…

Background and Objective: Enalapril is a prodrug and needs to be activated by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1). A previous in vitro study demonstrated the CES1 genetic variant, G143E (rs71647871), significantly impaired enalapril activation. Two previous…

A LC-MS/MS technique separated the bovine and mouse brain gangliosides monosialotetrahexosylgangliosides (GM1), disialotetrahexosylgangliosides (GD1a), trisialotetrahexosylgangliosides (GT1b) and tetrasialotetrahexosylgangliosides (GQ1b) using a…

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, deriving from yolk sac progenitors that populate the brain parenchyma during development. During development and homeostasis, microglia play critical roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic…

The pattern of bone remodeling of one of the most peculiar mammals in the world, the naked mole‐rat (NMR), was assessed. NMRs are known for their long lifespans among rodents and for having low metabolic rates. We assessed long‐term in vivo bone…

The latencies of successive two-alternative, forced-choice response times display intricately patterned sequential effects, or dependencies. They vary as a function of particular trial-histories, and in terms of the order and identity of previously …

AIMS: Irisin is a hormone cleaved from fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 in response to exercise and may be therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Irisin is shown to repair damage caused by midlife cardiometabolic risk factors for…

Mutations in the cytochrome P450-1B1 (Cyp1b1) gene is a common genetic predisposition associated with various human glaucomas, most prominently in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The role of Cyp1b1 in the eye is largely unknown, however, its…

INTRODUCTION: Fibrosis & nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are important predictors of long term prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress (OS) has been shown to play a central role in progression of…

The pattern of bone remodeling of one of the most peculiar mammals in the world, the naked mole-rat (NMR), was assessed. NMRs are known for their long lifespans among rodents and for having low metabolic rates. We assessed long-term in vivo bone …

Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole-rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity are considered a novel model to …

Cellular availability of acetyl-CoA, a central intermediate of metabolism, regulates histone acetylation. The impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the turnover rates of acetyl-CoA and acetylated histones is unknown. We developed a method for …

The cetacean visual system is a product of selection pressures favoring underwater vision, yet relatively little is known about it across taxa. Previous studies report several mutations in the opsin genetic sequence in cetaceans, suggesting the …

Stable isotope tracers can be used to quantify the activity of metabolic pathways. Specifically, (2)H-water is quite versatile, and its incorporation into various products can enable measurements of carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid …

Mice fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks or longer develop hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Additionally, a high-fat diet induces inflammation that remodels and affects the anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic …

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide behind Alzheimer’s disease. One prominent feature of PD is the marked loss of dopaminergic and motor dysfunction. Currently, there are no therapies to…

Deficits in learning and memory are often associated with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, which is regulated by numerous processes, including precursor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation to mature neurons. Recent…

The ability to target specific proteins for degradation may open a new door toward developing therapeutics. Although effort in chemistry is essential for advancing this modality, i.e., one needs to generate proteolysis targeting chimeras…

Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work showed that developmental dieldrin exposure increased neuronal susceptibility to…

BACKGROUND: The role of the community pharmacist is rapidly expanding to encompass the care of veterinary patients in the United States of America This change makes it imperative for pharmacists and veterinarians who practice in community settings…

Bone fracture is a major contributor to debilitation and death among patients with bone diseases. Thus, osteogenic protein therapeutics and their delivery to bone have been extensively researched as strategies to accelerate fracture healing. To…

The paternally imprinted neuronatin (NNAT) gene has been identified as a target of aberrant epigenetic silencing in diverse cancers, but no association with pediatric bone cancers has been reported to date. In screening childhood cancers, we…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prominent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ)-containing extracellular plaques, accompanied by a microglial-mediated inflammatory response, that leads to cognitive decline. Microglia…

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease highlighted by a marked loss of dopaminergic cell loss and motor disturbances. Currently, there are no drugs that slow the progression of the disease. A myriad of factors have been…

Improving cellular access to energy substrates is one strategy to overcome observed declines in energy production and utilization in the aged and pathologic central nervous system. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), the movers of lactate, pyruvate,…

This short report describes the relationships between concentrations of ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAG) in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles, and hepatic lipid accumulation. VLDL particles were isolated…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a robust inflammatory response mediated by plaque-associated myeloid cells of the brain. These cells exhibit altered gene expression profiles and serve as a barrier, preventing neuritic dystrophy. The origin…

We examined the effect of mild hyperglycemia on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and kinetics in diet-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (2)H2O-labeling coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to quantify HDL cholesterol…

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cardiac hypertrophy is a key pathologic process in heart failure. Songling Xuemaikang Capsule (SXC), is a formulae of Chinese Medicine commonly used in China to treat hypertension and heart failure. However, its…

Methionine metabolism is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis (MS). The methyl donor betaine is depleted in the MS brain where it is linked to changes in levels of histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and mitochondrial impairment. We…
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