IL-1beta stimulates alveolar fluid absorption in fetal guinea pig lungs via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis.

IL-1beta stimulates alveolar fluid absorption in fetal guinea pig lungs via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis.

Ye Xin; Acharya Reshma; Herbert Jonathan B; Hamilton Sarah E; Folkesson Hans G

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology

2004

2004-04

We tested the hypothesis that interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced cortisol synthesis stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in preterm fetuses. IL-1beta was administered subcutaneously daily to timed-pregnant guinea pigs for 3 days with and without simultaneous cortisol synthesis inhibition by metyrapone. Fetuses were obtained by abdominal hysterotomy at 61 and 68 days gestation and instilled with isosmolar 5% albumin in the lungs, and alveolar fluid movement was measured over 1 h from the change in alveolar protein concentration. Alveolar fluid clearance was induced at 61 days gestation and stimulated at 68 days gestation by IL-1beta, which both were attenuated by cortisol synthesis inhibition. Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were increased by IL-1beta at both gestational ages, and metyrapone reduced cortisol concentrations. IL-1beta was mostly low or undetectable in both fetal and maternal blood. Prenatal alveolar fluid clearance, when present as well as IL-1beta induced, was always propranolol and amiloride sensitive, suggesting that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels were critical for fluid absorption. IL-1beta increased lung beta-adrenoceptor density at gestation day 61, and cortisol synthesis inhibition attenuated the increased beta-adrenoceptor density. Epithelial Na+ channel and Na+-K+-ATPase subunit expressions were both increased by IL-1beta and attenuated by cortisol synthesis inhibition. These results may explain why babies delivered preterm after intrauterine inflammation have a reduced risk of developing severe respiratory distress.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood; Animals; Epinephrine/blood; Epithelial Sodium Channels; Extravascular Lung Water/*metabolism; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hydrocortisone/blood; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*physiology; Interleukin-1/blood/*pharmacology; Norepinephrine/blood; Pituitary-Adrenal System/*physiology; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Alveoli/*drug effects/embryology/*metabolism; Sodium Channels/metabolism; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism

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L756–766

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