Browse Items (50 total)

Hypomagnesemia may be caused by renal losses (often related to drugs or diabetes), inadequate intake or inadequate intestinal absorption. Manifestations may include arrhythmias, particularly during myocardial ischemia or with digitalis use, and such…

Numerous physiologic derangements can result when body-builders attempt to augment their muscle definition by using diuretics, potassium supplements, and dietary restrictions., A case report describes a 27-year-old male professional bodybuilder who…

Acquired hemophilia (antibodies or inhibitors to factor VIII) is the most common acquired disease affecting clotting factors. It has been described in association with autoimmune disease, malignancy, dermatologic disorders, in the postpartum period,…

Enterovesical fistula is a rare complication of a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. It usually presents with pneumaturia, fecaluria, urinary tract infections, or irritable bladder symptoms in the setting of either diverticulitis or…

Pylephlebitis or septic thrombophlebitis of the portal vein, a precursor of hepatic abscesses, is an extremely rare and frequently fatal complication of diverticulitis. The following report describes a patient presenting with pylephlebitis and…

Trichophyton verrucosum infection, which is acquired from the hide of dairy cattle, is the cause of tinea barbae, a severe pustular eruption on the face and neck, We present the cases of five patients, three of whom had severe pustular tinea barbae…

A 52-year-old white male presented for evaluation of moderate azotemia (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 52 mg/dl and creatinine 5.4 mg/dl). Renal history was positive for hypertension (156/100), nocturia, and polyuria. There was a 10-year history of an…

A systematic approach to the successful investigation and management of oliguria uses a reproducible method called the Rules of Three: consideration of three sources of olguria (postrenal, prerenal, and renal), three noninvasive tools for evaluation…

Detection of renal vascular disease offers the opportunity to cure a patient with hypertension as well as to avert severe renal damage and lifelong dependence on dialysis. The crucial first step is to suspect renovascular lesions. Clues include the…

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and renal artery bypass surgery are the most effective means of treating renal vascular disease and the hypertension it causes. Selection of the most appropriate treatment depends on the nature of the underlying…

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited disorder in this country, is more than just a renal disease. Major extrarenal sites are the cardiovascular system, liver, and GI tract. The most devastating…

Early detection and careful management of kidney disease can help slow or halt progression to renal failure. Early diagnosis is based on a history and physical examination, urinalysis (with dipstick testing for protein, blood, and pH), and…

Abnormalities that increase water reabsorption can lead to hyponatremia, and the resulting water retention presents the threat of CNS volume changes. Avoid overcorrection of hyponatremia, however, as this causes similar changes. Also, be aware of…

Four cases histories illustrate the process of defining the cause of hyponatremia: Categorize the patient's volume status; determine kidney function and kidney's response to volume stimulus; measure urine osmolality; consider other factors, including…

When a patient's total serum calcium level drops below 8.9 mg/dL, first determine whether the hypocalcemia is real. Measure the serum level of ionized calcium or (because 40% of calcium is bound to protein) adjust the total serum calcium level for…

The interpretation of acid-base data can be greatly facilitated by applying five rules: (1) use the blood gas to identify acidemia or alkalemia, (2) determine whether the underlying cause of acidemia or alkalemia is respiratory or metabolic, (3)…

Thorough investigation of complex cases of acid-base disturbances indudes verification of pH, determination of respiratory and metabolic components, calculation of the anion gap, assessment of the degree of compensation; and analysis of the…

This article demonstrated a systematic approach to acid-base problem solving through the application of the so-called "Rules of Five." This technique was compared with other options for acid-base problem solving, namely, clinicians' use of gestalt or…

Decisions which determine the duration and outcome of terminal care should be influenced by patient autonomy. Studies suggest, however, that end-of-life decision-making is more complex than a single principle and that physicians may be responsible…

A controlled randomized double-blind study was done to determine the frequency and severity of leg cramps in 40 patients on dialysis with a history of leg cramps. All patients entered a 2 month placebo washout and were randomized into a 2 month…

A 68-year-old man with coronary artery disease was admitted for chest pain and ventricular tachycardia, After electric cardioversion, therapeutic heparinization was started for myocardial ischemia and nontransmural infarction, On day 3, headache and…

Background: Computer-assisted instruction in medicine appears rofacilitare learning, but it has not been compared prospectively to more traditional reaching methods. Purpose: To compare the efficacy of computer-assisted instruction to a more…

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications, including intracranial saccular aneurysms. In ADPKD, intracranial saccular aneurysms tend to rupture more frequently and earlier…

Objective: To describe a case of warfarin resistance apparently caused by malabsorption and to review the literature regarding warfarin resistance. Case Summary: A 28-year-old renal transplant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted…

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