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Chapter 9 - Anatomy of skull and mandible

The skull of the bowhead whale is composed of all the bones commonly found in mammals, although the shape of these bones is far from ordinary. Features related to feeding dominate the skull: there are no teeth, and the rostrum is long and curved,…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Bones, bowhead whale, Mandible, osteology, skull, whale

Chapter 8 - Prenatal development

The prenatal development of bowhead whales is poorly known, and no complete ontogenetic series exist. However, the available embryos and fetuses elucidate aspects of the development of the species, as well as that of all of mysticetes in general, and…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Embryo, Fetus, gestation, heterochrony

Chapter 7 - Life history, growth, and form

Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea bowhead whales are born at about 4.2 m in length and 1000 kg, in lead systems along the NW Alaskan coast. Bowheads in the other northern stocks are also born in ice-covered seas. Maximum body lengths (standard measure) can…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, growth and form, life history, longevity

Chapter 39 - Past, present, and future

We discuss the evolution, phylogenetic relations to right whales, and geographical distribution of bowhead whales. We summarize its relations to humans, including whaling by indigenous and European whalers, conservation efforts, and modern challenges…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, conservation, History, International Whaling Commission, Inupiat, life history, prehistoric, whaling

Chapter 34 - Indigenous knowledge in research and management

Indigenous whalers know a great deal about the habits and environment of bowhead whales. That knowledge is essential for safe and effective hunting and has also been invaluable to scientific research and management of bowheads. Studies in Chukotka,…

Tags: 2021, bowhead whale, Indigenous knowledge, scientific research, wildlife management

Chapter 33 - Commercial whaling

The commercial hunt of the four stocks of bowhead whales by the nations of Europe and North America commenced in 1540 and came to an effective end at the start of World War I. At that time, all four stocks had been driven to near extinction. Whalers…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Basques, bowhead whale, Britain, Germany, The Netherlands, United States, whaling, Yankee

Chapter 21 - Age estimation

In the late 1980s, annual carbon isotope cycles in the baleen plates of bowhead whales formed the basis of the first effective means of estimating bowhead age. However, the baleen aging method could only be used for aging subadult whales less than…

Tags: 2021, Age estimation, aspartic acid racemization, bowhead whale, ovarian corpora counts, Stable isotopes, tympanic bulla, whaling artifacts

Chapter 20 - Molecular insights into anatomy and physiology

Bowhead whales are some of the largest animals that occupy the Arctic Circle. Despite the challenges of living and giving birth in icy waters, having huge blubber stores, eating a fat-rich diet, and undergoing arduous migrations, bowheads achieved…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Blubber, bowhead whale, DNA, lipid, longevity, molecular evolution

Chapter 18 - Sensory systems

The sensory biology of bowhead whales reflects features both related to their origin from land mammals and adaptations to their current environment, polar seas. There is anatomical and genomic evidence that bowheads have a sense of smell. Their sense…

Tags: 2021, audition, Balaena mysticetus, Balance, bowhead whale, gustation, magnetosense, mechanosense, olfaction, Vision

Chapter 13 - Female and male reproduction

An understanding of the functional morphology of the bowhead whale continues to have significance for population management. This chapter first examines the anatomical features of the bowhead whale reproductive system, with an emphasis on the female.…

Chapter 10 - Postcranial skeleton and musculature

The postcranial skeleton of bowhead whales was described in detail more than 100 years ago. The musculature of bowheads has not been studied in detail but matches that of other mysticetes in general features. In this chapter, we focus on some aspects…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Forelimb, hindlimb, Muscles, myology, Skeleton

Chapter 39 - Past, present, and future

We discuss the evolution, phylogenetic relations to right whales, and geographical distribution of bowhead whales. We summarize its relations to humans, including whaling by indigenous and European whalers, conservation efforts, and modern challenges…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, conservation, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, History, International Whaling Commission, Inupiat, January 2021 List, journalArticle, life history, NEOMED College of Medicine, prehistoric, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, whaling

Chapter 34 - Indigenous knowledge in research and management

Indigenous whalers know a great deal about the habits and environment of bowhead whales. That knowledge is essential for safe and effective hunting and has also been invaluable to scientific research and management of bowheads. Studies in Chukotka,…

Tags: 2021, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Ferguson SH, George JC, Huntington HP, Indigenous knowledge, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Noongwook G, Quakenbush L, scientific research, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, wildlife management

Chapter 33 - Commercial whaling

The commercial hunt of the four stocks of bowhead whales by the nations of Europe and North America commenced in 1540 and came to an effective end at the start of World War I. At that time, all four stocks had been driven to near extinction. Whalers…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Basques, bowhead whale, Britain, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, Germany, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, The Bowhead Whale, The Netherlands, Thewissen JGM, United States, whaling, Yankee

Chapter 20 - Molecular insights into anatomy and physiology

Bowhead whales are some of the largest animals that occupy the Arctic Circle. Despite the challenges of living and giving birth in icy waters, having huge blubber stores, eating a fat-rich diet, and undergoing arduous migrations, bowheads achieved…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Blubber, bowhead whale, Cooper LN, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, DNA, Gorbunova V, January 2021 List, journalArticle, lipid, longevity, molecular evolution, NEOEMD College of Medicine, The Bowhead Whale

Chapter 18 - Sensory systems

The sensory biology of bowhead whales reflects features both related to their origin from land mammals and adaptations to their current environment, polar seas. There is anatomical and genomic evidence that bowheads have a sense of smell. Their sense…

Tags: 2021, audition, Balaena mysticetus, Balance, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, gustation, January 2021 List, journalArticle, magnetosense, mechanosense, NEOMED College of Medicine, olfaction, Sformo TL, Suydam RS, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, Vision

Chapter 13 - Female and male reproduction

An understanding of the functional morphology of the bowhead whale continues to have significance for population management. This chapter first examines the anatomical features of the bowhead whale reproductive system, with an emphasis on the female.…

Chapter 10 - Postcranial skeleton and musculature

The postcranial skeleton of bowhead whales was described in detail more than 100 years ago. The musculature of bowheads has not been studied in detail but matches that of other mysticetes in general features. In this chapter, we focus on some aspects…

Chapter 9 - Anatomy of skull and mandible

The skull of the bowhead whale is composed of all the bones commonly found in mammals, although the shape of these bones is far from ordinary. Features related to feeding dominate the skull: there are no teeth, and the rostrum is long and curved,…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, Bones, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, Hillmann DJ, January 2021 List, journalArticle, Mandible, Nader PB, NEOMED College of Medicine, osteology, skull, Tarpley RJ, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, whale

Chapter 8 - Prenatal development

The prenatal development of bowhead whales is poorly known, and no complete ontogenetic series exist. However, the available embryos and fetuses elucidate aspects of the development of the species, as well as that of all of mysticetes in general, and…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Embryo, Fetus, George JC, gestation, heterochrony, Hillmann DJ, January 2021 List, journalArticle, NEOMED College of Medicine, Sheffield Gay, Stimmelmayr R, Suydam RS, Tarpley RJ, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM

Chapter 7 - Life history, growth, and form

Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort Sea bowhead whales are born at about 4.2m in length and 1000kg, in lead systems along the NW Alaskan coast. Bowheads in the other northern stocks are also born in ice-covered seas. Maximum body lengths (standard measure) can…

Tags: 2021, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, Breed GA, Brower Jr HK, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, George JC, growth and form, January 2021 List, journalArticle, life history, longevity, NEOMED College of Medicine, Person BT, Sformo TL, Suydam RS, The Bowhead Whale, Thewissen JGM, Von Duyke A

Allometric patterns of fetal head growth in mysticetes and odontocetes: Comparison of Balaena mysticetus and Stenella attenuata

Unlike other mammals, odontocetes and mysticetes have highly derived craniofacial bones. A growth process referred to as "telescoping" is partly responsible for this morphology. Here, we explore how changes in facial morphology during fetal growth…

Tags: 2011, Armfield B A, Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale, dolphins, George J C, Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication, Marine & Freshwater Biology, Marine Mammal Science, mechanism, pan-tropical spotted dolphin, prenatal growth, Stenella attenuata, Thewissen J G M, Vinyard C J, WHALES, Zoology

Olfaction and brain size in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)

P>Although there are several isolated references to the olfactory anatomy of mysticetes, it is usually thought that olfaction is rudimentary in this group. We investigated the olfactory anatomy of bowhead whales and found that these whales have a…

Highlights of Cetacean Embryology

The embryology of cetaceans documents features that elucidate the interaction between form and function in modern species, as well as their evolution from extinct ones. Prenatal specimens of the dolphin Stenella attenuata demonstrate critical aspects…

An analysis of von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans, artiodactyls, and perissodactyls

Von Economo neurons (VENs) are specialized projection neurons with a characteristic spindle-shaped soma and thick basal and apical dendrites. VENs have been described in restricted cortical regions, with their most frequent appearance in layers III…

Structure of the external auditory meatus of the Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) and its relation to their seasonal migration.

The external auditory meatus (EAM) in many species of mysticete whales is filled with a waxy ear plug. Though this lamellated structure is often used to age a whale, its formation and development remain undescribed. It is thought that growth layer…

Tags: 2019, bowhead whale, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Epithelium, external auditory meatus, George John C, Journal of anatomy, McBurney Denise M, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rehorek Susan J, seasonality, Stimmelmayr Rafael, Suydam Robert, Thewissen J G M

Evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale.

In utero, baleen whales initiate the development of several dozens of teeth in upper and lower jaws. These tooth germs reach the bell stage and are sometimes mineralized, but toward the end of prenatal life they are resorbed and no trace remains…

Beyond thermoregulation: metabolic function of cetacean blubber in migrating bowhead and beluga whales.

The processes of lipid deposition and utilization, via the gene leptin (Lep), are poorly understood in taxa with varying degrees of adipose storage. This study examines how these systems may have adapted in marine aquatic environments inhabited by…

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