Browse Items · NEOMED Bibliography Database

Limb Preference in Animals: New Insights into the Evolution of Manual Laterality in Hominids.

Until the 1990s, the notion of brain lateralization—the division of labor between the two hemispheres—and its more visible behavioral manifestation, handedness, remained fiercely defined as a human specific trait. Since then, many studies have…

Tags: 2022, brain asymmetry, Evolution, gesture, grasping, handedness, invertebrates, ontogeny, Primates, Vertebrates

The stabilizing function of the tail during arboreal quadrupedalism.

Locomotion on the narrow and compliant supports of the arboreal environment is inherently precarious. Previous studies have identified a host of morphological and behavioral specializations in arboreal animals broadly thought to promote stability …

Tags: 2021, angular momentum, Balance, Chadwell BA, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Dunham NT, Hieronymous TL, Integrative and comparative biology, journalArticle, June 2021 List, locomotor biomechanics, McNamara A, NEOMED College of Medicine, NEOMED Student Publications, Phelps T, Primates, Shapiro LJ, Stability, Young JW

Mandibular symphyseal fusion in fossil primates: Insights from correlated patterns of jaw shape and masticatory function in living primates.

Objectives: Variation in primate masticatory form and function has been extensively researched through both morphological and experimental studies. As a result, symphyseal fusion in different primate clades has been linked to either the recruitment…

Tags: 2020, American journal of physical anthropology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Electromyography, fusion, geometric morphometrics, journalArticle, Knigge RP, lemurs, Mandible, McNulty KP, Morphometrics, NEOMED College of Medicine, Primates, September 2020 List, symphysis, Vinyard CJ

Getting humans off monkeys' backs: Using primate acclimation as a guide for habitat management efforts.

Wild primates face grave conservation challenges, with habitat loss and climate change projected to cause mass extinctions in the coming decades. As large-bodied Neotropical primates, mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata) are predicted to fare…

Tags: 2020, acclimation, Alouatta, climate change, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Glander Kenneth E, habitat management, Integrative and comparative biology, journalArticle, July 2020 List, NEOMED College of Medicine, Primates, Teaford MF, Thompson CL, Vinyard CJ, Williams SH

Callitrichid responses to dead and dying infants: the effects of paternal bonding and cause of death.

Many primates show responses to dead infants, yet testing explanations for these behaviors has been difficult. Callitrichids present a unique opportunity to delineate between hypotheses, since unlike most species, male caretakers form closer social…

The effects of natural substrate discontinuities on the quadrupedal gait kinematics of free‐ranging Saimiri sciureus.

Wild primates encounter complex matrices of substrates that differ in size, orientation, height, and compliance, and often move on multiple, discontinuous substrates within a single bout of locomotion. Our current understanding of primate gait is…

Ternporalis Function In Anthropoids And Strepsirrhines: An Emg Study

The major purpose of this study is to analyze anterior and posterior temporalis muscle force recruitment and firing patterns in various anthropoid and strepsirrhine primates. There are two specific goals for this project. First, we test the…

Functional And Evolutionary Significance Of The Recruitment And Firing Patterns Of The Jaw Adductors During Chewing In Verreaux's Sifaka (propithecus Verreauxi)

Jaw-muscle electromyographic (EMG) patterns indicate that compared with thick-tailed galagos and ring-tailed lemurs, anthropoids recruit more relative EMG from their balancing-side deep masseter, and that this muscle peaks late in the power stroke.…

Myological Correlates Of Prosimian Leaping

Tags: 1998, Anthropology, Behavior, Body Size, coordination, Demes B, Evolutionary Biology, Fleagle J G, Journal of human evolution, Kinematics, Kinetics, Lemelin P, Locomotion, morphology, Primates, relative muscle masses, strepsirhines, vertical clingers and leapers

Morphometry, Geometry, Function, and the Future

The proliferation of geometric morphometrics (GM) in biological anthropology and more broadly throughout the biological sciences has resulted in a multitude of studies that adopt landmark-based approaches for addressing a variety of questions in…

Tags: 2015, Adaptation, Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, Anatomy & Morphology, biological anthropology, darwins finches, Evolution, evolutionary, fitness, form, geometric morphometrics, Journal Article or Conference Abstract Publication, McNulty K P, morphology, Performance, Primates, Selection, shape, Vinyard C J

Terrestrial Activity in Pitheciins (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia)

Neotropical monkeys of the genera Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia (Pitheciidae) are considered to be highly arboreal, spending most of their time feeding and traveling in the upper canopy. Until now, the use of terrestrial substrates has not been…

Food Mechanical Properties in Three Sympatric Species of Hapalemur in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar

We investigated mechanical dietary properties of sympatric bamboo lemurs, Hapalemur g. griseus, H. aureus, and H. (Prolemur) simus, in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Each lemur species relies on bamboo, though previous behavioral observations…

Tags: 2009, American journal of physical anthropology, Anthropology, bamboo lemur, Diet, Evolution, Evolutionary Biology, fracture-toughness, genus cebus, hardness, Journal Article, macaca-fascicularis, mechanical properties, morphology, patterns, Primates, Tan C L, Vinyard C J, Yamashita N

Phase II jaw movements and masseter muscle activity during chewing in Papio anubis

It was proposed that the power stroke in primates has two distinct periods of occlusal contact, each with a characteristic motion of the mandibular molars relative to the maxillary molars. The two movements are called phase I and phase IT, and they…

Cross-sectional bone distribution in the mandibles of gouging and non-gouging platyrrhini

Recent morphometric analyses have led to dissimilar conclusions about whether the jaws of tree-gouging primates are designed to resist the purportedly large forces generated during this biting behavior. We further address this question by comparing…

Olfaction and brain size in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)

P>Although there are several isolated references to the olfactory anatomy of mysticetes, it is usually thought that olfaction is rudimentary in this group. We investigated the olfactory anatomy of bowhead whales and found that these whales have a…

AL 288-1 - Lucy or Lucifer: Gender confusion in the Pliocene

Hausler & Schmid (1995) challenged the long held opinion that AL 288-1 (Australopithecus afarensis), popularly known as "Lucy," was female. They concluded that AL 288-1 was most probably male ("Lucifer") and, by extension, the hypodigm for A.…

Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)

Locomotor features shared by arboreal marsupials and primates are frequently cited as a functional complex that evolved in the context of a "fine branch niche." Adaptation to a fine branch niche cannot be understood without considering that small and…

REACTIVE EROSIVE ARTHRITIS IN CHIMPANZEES

Diagnosis of diseases of bone, without benefit of soft tissue, in vivo observation, or blood component analysis requires the development of new criteria for diagnosis. Analyzing chimpanzee skeletal populations, applying such criteria (e.g., lesion…

Tags: 1991, American journal of primatology, chimpanzees, Disease, erosions, erosive arthritis, gombe, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, Journal Article, Primates, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid-arthritis, Rothschild B M, Spondyloarthropathy, Woods R J, Zoology

OSTEOARTHRITIS, CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DEPOSITION DISEASE, AND OSSEOUS INFECTION IN OLD-WORLD PRIMATES

Uncertainties as to the nature and implications of osteoarthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) in primates were subject to critical review through examination of 153 prosimians and 1,250 Old World non-prosimian primates.…

Tags: 1992, American journal of physical anthropology, Anthropology, crystal, Evolutionary Biology, Journal Article, Osteoarthritis, Primates, rhesus-monkeys, Rothschild B M, skeletal pathology, Woods R J

ARTHRITIS IN NEW-WORLD MONKEYS - OSTEOARTHRITIS, CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DEPOSITION DISEASE, AND SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY

Analyses of New World skeletal populations for the presence of erosions an other osseous alterations and their character, distribution, and radiologic appearance shows that osteoarthritis is predominantly a disease of animals raised in artificially…

Why are some species more commonly afflicted by arthritis than others? A comparative study of spondyloarthropathy in primates and carnivores

Spondyloarthropathy is a painful arthritic affliction of humans that also occurs in wild mammals. Important questions remain concerning the underlying causes of spondyloarthropathy in mammals, particularly regarding whether it is infectious in origin…

A neurochemical hypothesis for the origin of hominids.

It has always been difficult to account for the evolution of certain human characters such as language, empathy, and altruism via individual reproductive success. However, the striatum, a subcortical region originally thought to be exclusively motor,…

Primate spondyloarthropathy.

Spondyloarthropathy is a common occurrence in Old World primates, with only limited presence in New World monkeys. Clearly distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis, this erosive arthritis afflicts 20% of great apes, baboons, and rhesus macaques and…

Tags: *Primate Diseases/classification/epidemiology, 2005, Animal, Animals, Current rheumatology reports, Disease Models, Incidence, Primates, Rothschild Bruce M, Spondylarthropathies/classification/epidemiology/*veterinary

Cranial shape in fruit, nectar, and exudate feeders: implications for interpreting the fossil record.

At least 29 species of fossil primates have been referred to fruit, nectar, and/or exudate feeding dietary niches. Many studies have detailed the morphological correlates of fruit feeding in comparison to insectivory and folivory. In contrast, few…

Tags: *Dentition, *Diet, *Fruit, 1997, American journal of physical anthropology, Animals, Biological Evolution, Chiroptera, Discriminant Analysis, Dumont E R, Fossils, Primates, Skull/*anatomy & histology, Species Specificity

Browse Items (24 total)