Cetaceans are the only mammals to have evolved hyperphalangy, an increase in the number of phalanges beyond the mammalian plesiomorphic condition of three phalanges per digit. In this study, cetaceans were used as a novel model to review previous…
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with worsening physical function and a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions. In particular, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in individuals with OA than the general population.…
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with worsening physical function and a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions. In particular, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is higher in individuals with OA than the general population.…
Whether to stage degeneration or investigate early pathology in glaucoma, examination of axonal structure and function is essential. There are a wide variety of methods available to investigators using animal models of glaucoma, with varying…
Neuromodulation mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) regulates many brain functions. However, the functions of mGluRs in the auditory system under normal and diseased states are not well understood. The medial nucleus of the…
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) can be a medical and surgical emergency. It is encountered in patients with epidural catheter placement, paraspinal injections, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, HIV infection, trauma, contiguous bony or soft tissue…
The article presents global public health news briefs on topics including the importance of obtaining accurate mortality statistics in the wake of a disaster such as Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. The predictors of women's breast self-examination…
The successful performance of a swallow requires dynamic integration between a wide range of sensory inputs and muscle activities to produce the coordinated kinematics of oropharyngeal structures. Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)…
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a significant comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may reflect systemic regulatory pathway dysfunction. Low BMD has been identified in several AD mouse models selective for amyloid-beta or tau pathology, but…
"How to perform contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)" provides general advice on the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for clinical decision-making and reviews technical parameters for optimal CEUS performance. CEUS techniques vary between…
Primaquine (an 8-aminoquinoline malarial therapy) is the only FDA-approved therapy to treat the hypnozoite stage of P. vivax. We think of relapse occurring because of parasitic resistance or poor compliance secondary to drug toxicities. However, in…
Loss of function mutations in the gene ATP13A2 are associated with Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, the former designated as an inherited form of Parkinson's disease (PD). The function of ATP13A2 is unclear but in vitro…
Osborn waves are produced when the J-point deviates from baseline. While there are many known causes of Osborne waves, hypothermia remains the most common. Previous studies have been inconsistent about the risk of Osborne waves progressing to a…
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is a major risk factor for cirrhosis-associated liver diseases. Studies demonstrate that alcohol increases serum bile acids in humans and rodents. AFLD has been linked to cholestasis, although the physiologic…
Refractory ventricular fibrillation occurs when there are three or more episodes of ventricular fibrillation within a 24-hour period. We report the first case of a 35-year-old woman without prior medical or family cardiac history who sustained…
OBJECTIVES: Relatively long digits are considered to enhance grasping performance in primates. We tested whether growth-related changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions may have behavioral implications for growing animals, by examining whether…
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present…
Understanding intraspecific behavioral and dietary variation is critical for assessing primate populations' abilities to persist in habitats characterized by increasing anthropogenic disturbances. While it is evident that some species exhibit…
Smooth muscle voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are important regulators of microvascular tone and tissue perfusion. Recent studies indicate that Kv1 channels represent a key component of the physiological coupling between coronary blood flow and…
Intravenous drug abuse rates in the United States have increased exponentially in recent years. Ohio is one of 5 states with the highest age-adjusted drug overdose death rates, with drug overdose causing 39.1 of every 100,000 deaths. In patients who…
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the brain's primary immune cells, microglia, become activated and are found in close apposition to amyloid beta (Abeta) protein plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The present study evaluated microglia density and…
