Browse Items (51 total)

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is an inborn abnormality of the lower respiratory system. Most often diagnosed in the perinatal period, these anomalies usually…

Sneddon syndrome (SS) is a rare condition and the diagnosis is made only when other more common disease entities have been excluded. Common manifestations in SS patients include hypertension, coronary artery disease, venous thrombosis, miscarriages,…

Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment of individuals with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and for implementation of effective infection control procedures. The decision about which diagnostic test to use is an…

This article summarizes the current literature describing how antimicrobial stewardship interventions impact antimicrobial resistance. Discussion includes why we need stewardship, how to collaborate with team members, and the evidence of…

BACKGROUND: Online quiz competitions can facilitate extra-classroom interactions between faculty and medical students. Owing to decreased class attendance nationwide, teaching faculty might revamp their approach to medical education by providing…

Community-acquired pneumonia is common in the elderly person; its presentation in this population is often confounded by multiple comorbid illnesses, including those that result in confusion. Although severity-of-illness scoring systems might aid…

BACKGROUND. Various transmission routes contribute to spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in hospitalized patients. Patients with readmissions during which CRKP is again isolated ("CRKP readmission") potentially contribute to…

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether prolonged hospital length of stay (HLOS) and rehabilitation facility length of stay (RLOS) lead to poor functional outcomes, defined as a Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score of…

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control…

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BACKGROUND: We conducted a meta-analysis of clinical trials of adults hospitalized with pneumonia outcomes research team (PORT) risk class 3-4 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) receiving ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone. METHODS: Three Phase…

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that giving cranberry capsules to elderly women residing in nursing homes did not result in any significant benefits, including no reduction in symptomatic urinary tract infections.

The article focuses on a study conducted on patients allergic to Beta-Lactam antibiotics by increasing its dose. Topics discussed include collection of patients' demographic and allergy history data and performing penicillin skin testing (PST),…

Patients admitted to a single hospital were screened for C. difficile carriage and those found to be positive were placed in contact isolation. This led to a significant decrease in hospital-acquired C. difficile infections.

The article discusses case-control study revealing an increased risk for developing community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) with the use of systemic glucocorticoids. Topics discussed include data collected from a population-based…

The article reports that the Herpes Zoster (HZ) vaccine has decreased its effectiveness in adults that are above 60 years of age. Topics discussed include decline in beneficial effect of the HZ vaccine; determination of an optimal re-dosing strategy…

Although a well-conducted randomized clinical trial did not show that azithromycin was non-inferior to doxycycline for the treatment of chlamydia, both treatments resulted in a high rate of cure (97% and 100%, respectively).
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