Browse Items (472 total)
- Tags: Adult
"Back from the future": a powerful age-progression technique.
"Your breasts/sliced off": literary images of breast cancer.
Tags: *Drama, *Medicine in Literature, *Poetry as Topic, *women's health, 1993, Adult, Breast Neoplasms/*psychology/surgery, Denial (Psychology), Department of Family & Community Medicine, Female, Humans, Mastectomy/*psychology, Middle Aged, NEOMED College of Medicine, North America, Psychological/*etiology, Stress, Wear D, Women & health
A broader understanding of care managers' attitudes of advance care planning: A concurrent nested design.
Tags: *Attitude of Health Personnel, *Health Knowledge, 2018, Adult, advance care planning, Advance Care Planning/*standards, Attitudes, Aultman Julie, Baughman Kristin R, Case Managers, Chi Square Test, College of Graduate Studies, Community health, Concurrent Prospective Studies, Convenience Sample, Decision-making, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Discussion, end of life, Female, Focus Groups, Funding Source, Health Services Accessibility/standards, Human, Humans, Journal of clinical nursing, Ludwick Ruth, Male, Middle Age, Middle Aged, Midwestern United States, Multicenter Studies, Multimethod Studies, NEOMED College of Graduate Studies, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nurse Attitudes, nurses, Practice, Qualitative, Qualitative Research, quantitative, Questionnaires, Surveys, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thematic Analysis
A case of Riedel's thyroiditis treated with tamoxifen: another successful outcome.
Tags: 2004, Adult, Antineoplastic Agents, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Female, Goiter/*drug therapy/pathology, Hormonal/*administration & dosage, Humans, Hypothyroidism/drug therapy/pathology, Jung Yiechul J, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Muehlenbein Stephen J, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rhodes Ronald, Rich Frank A, Schaub Carl R, Tamoxifen/*administration & dosage, Thyroiditis/*drug therapy/pathology
A comparison of the full and short versions of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales.
Tags: *Disability Evaluation, *Severity of Illness Index, 1991, Abraham N, Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Alarcon G S, Arthritis, Arthritis care and research : the official journal of the Arthritis Health Professions Association, Austin J S, Bradley L A, Female, Humans, Lorish C D, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Rheumatoid/*diagnosis/rehabilitation
A comparison of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) measurement approach with direct observation of outpatient visits.
Tags: 2004, 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Care/*statistics & numerical data, Bias, Bourguet Claire C, Child, Family Practice/*statistics & numerical data, Female, Flocke Susan A, Gilchrist Valerie J, Health Care Surveys/*methods/standards, Humans, Infant, Male, McCord Gary, Medical care, Middle Aged, Observation/*methods, Office Visits/*statistics & numerical data, Ohio, Preschool, Research Design/standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stange Kurt C, Time Factors
A fixed-dose combination of adapalene 0.1%-BPO 2.5% allows an early and sustained improvement in quality of life and patient treatment satisfaction in severe acne.
Tags: *Patient Satisfaction, 2012, Acne Vulgaris/*drug therapy/*psychology, Adapalene, Adolescent, Adult, Benzoyl Peroxide/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use, Brodell Robert T, Bucher Delphine, Child, Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Female, Humans, Kerrouche Nabil, Male, Naphthalenes/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use, Quality of Life/*psychology, Rafal Elyse, Schlosser Bethanee J, Severity of Illness Index, The Journal of dermatological treatment, Toth Darryl, Tyring Stephen, Wertheimer Albert, Young Adult
A histologic review of 27 patients with lichen planopilaris.
Tags: 2008, Adult, Aged, Alopecia/etiology/*pathology, Bergfeld Wilma F, Biopsy, Cevasco Nathaniel C, Cicatrix/etiology/*pathology, Female, Humans, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Lichen Planus/complications/diagnosis/*pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Scalp Dermatoses/diagnosis/*pathology, Scalp/*pathology, Somani Najwa, Tandon Yasmeen K
A histologic review of 27 patients with lichen planopilaris.
Tags: 2008, Adult, Aged, Alopecia – Etiology, Alopecia – Pathology, Bergfeld WF, Biopsy, Cevasco NC, Cicatrix – Etiology, Cicatrix – Pathology, Female, Human, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Lichen Planus – Complications, Lichen Planus – Diagnosis, Lichen Planus – Pathology, Male, Middle Age, Retrospective Design, Scalp – Pathology, Skin Diseases – Diagnosis, Skin Diseases – Pathology, Somani N, Tandon YK
A multi-level modeling approach examining PTSD symptom reduction during prolonged exposure therapy: moderating effects of number of trauma types experienced, having an HIV-related index trauma, and years since HIV diagnosis among
Tags: *HIV/AIDS, *prolonged exposure therapy, *PTSD, *trauma history, 2017, Adult, AIDS care, Boarts Jessica M, Ciesla Jeffrey A, Coleman Jennifer A, Delahanty Douglas L, Descriptive Statistics, Feeny Norah C, Female, HIV Infections/*psychology, HIV-Infected Patients – Psychosocial Factors, Human, Humans, Implosive Therapy/*methods, Jones Tracy, Junglen Angela G, LONGITUDINAL method, Male, Middle Aged, Pacella Maria L, Post-Traumatic – Symptoms, Post-Traumatic – Therapy, POST-traumatic stress disorder, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/*psychology/*therapy, Prospective Studies, Psychological/*psychology/therapy, PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive people, Smith Brian C, Stress, Stress Disorders, Time, Time Factors, Trauma – Classification, Trauma – History, TREATMENT effectiveness, TREATMENT of post-traumatic stress disorder, Treatment Outcome, Treatment Outcomes – Evaluation, United States, WOUNDS & injuries – Classification, WOUNDS & injuries – History
A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia.
Tags: *Levofloxacin, 1997, 80 and over, Administration, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Bacterial/*drug therapy/microbiology, Ceftriaxone/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Cefuroxime/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use, Cephalosporins/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Combination, Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/microbiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Drug Therapy, Dunbar L, Female, File T M Jr, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Kohler R, Kojak C, Male, Middle Aged, NEOMED College of Medicine, Ofloxacin/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Oral, Player R, Pneumonia, Prodrugs/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Prospective Studies, Rubin A, Segreti J, Treatment Outcome, Williams R R
A new variant of food poisoning: enteroinvasive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli sepsis from a contaminated hamburger.
Tags: *Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification, 1998, Adult, Blood/microbiology, Department of Internal Medicine, DuPont H, Escherichia coli Infections/*etiology, Escherichia coli/isolation & purification, Foodborne Diseases/*microbiology, Gastroenteritis/etiology, Hoppes W L, Humans, Klebsiella Infections/*etiology, Male, Mathewson J, Meat/microbiology/*poisoning, Multiple Organ Failure/etiology, NEOMED College of Medicine, Rutecki G W, Sabota J M, Sepsis/*etiology, The American journal of gastroenterology, Ziegler J R
A novel method for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis in high-risk surgical candidates: pilot study experience with percutaneous remodeling of ligamentum flavum and lamina.
Tags: 2011, 80 and over, Adult, Aged, Anesthesia, Articular – Surgery, Chopko Bohdan Wolodymyr, Comorbidity, Conscious Sedation, Decompression, Disability Evaluation, Equipment Design, Female, Fluoroscopy, Follow-Up Studies, Human, Humans, Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, Ligaments, Ligamentum Flavum/*surgery, Local, Lumbar Vertebrae – Surgery, Lumbar Vertebrae/*surgery, Male, Middle Age, Middle Aged, Minimally Invasive Procedures – Equipment and Supplies, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/*instrumentation, Pain Measurement, Pilot Projects, Pilot Studies, Postoperative Complications – Diagnosis, Postoperative Complications – Prevention and Control, Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/*prevention & control, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Spinal Stenosis – Surgery, Spinal Stenosis/*surgery, Surgical – Equipment and Supplies, Surgical/*instrumentation
A Review of Treatment for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Paradigms for Clinical Practice.
Tags: *Bandages, 2018, Adult, Aged, American journal of clinical oncology, Arthur Douglas, Breast Neoplasms/*complications/pathology/*surgery, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, Drainage/methods, Female, Grobmyer Stephen, Humans, Lymphedema/etiology/physiopathology/*therapy, Massage/methods, Mastectomy/*adverse effects/methods, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Schwarz Graham, Severity of Illness Index, Shah Chirag, Smile Timothy D, Survivors, Tendulkar Rahul, Treatment Outcome, Valente Stephanie, Vicini Frank
A Structured Approach for Safely Reintroducing Bariatric Surgery in a COVID-19 Environment.
Tags: 2020, Adult, Aminian A, Augustin T, Bariatric Surgery, Bauman M, Bencsath KP, Betacoronavirus, Cha W, Clinical Protocols, Cohort Studies, complications, coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control, COVID-19, Daigle CR, Fathalizadeh A, Female, Hospital List, Humans, Infection Control/organization & administration, journalArticle, Laktash A, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity Morbid/complications/surgery, Obesity Surgery, Pandemics/prevention & control, Patient Selection, Pneumonia, Pneumonia Viral/epidemiology/prevention & control, Risk Factors, Rodriguez J, Safety, Schulz K, Wilson R
A subtherapeutic international normalized ratio despite increasing doses of warfarin: could this be malabsorption?
Tags: *Drug Resistance, 2000, Administration, Adult, Anticoagulants/administration & dosage/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use, Area Under Curve, Biological Availability, Delgado L L, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Frazee L A, Haupt K M, Humans, Injections, Intestinal Absorption/*physiology, Intravenous, Kidney Transplantation, Lara L F, NEOMED College of Medicine, Oral, Rutecki G W, The American journal of the medical sciences, Warfarin/*administration & dosage/*metabolism/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Accuracy and efficacy of nuclear scintigraphy for the detection of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Acute diverticulitis: diagnosis and management.
Tags: 1991, Abscess/diagnosis/etiology/therapy, Acute Disease, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use, Colonic/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology/surgery, Diagnosis, Differential, Diverticulitis, Female, Fistula/complications, Hospital practice (Office ed.), Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peller C, Postoperative Complications, Van Ness M
Acute pericarditis with a symptomatic pericardial effusion complicating pregnancy. A case report.
Tags: *Pregnancy Complications, 1993, Acute Disease, Adult, Cardiovascular/therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Female, Hagley M T, Humans, NEOMED College of Medicine, Pericardial Effusion/*etiology/therapy, Pericarditis/*complications/therapy, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Shaub T F, The Journal of reproductive medicine
Adapting cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis for case managers: increasing access to services in a community mental health agency.
Tags: *Community Mental Health Services, *Diffusion of Innovation, *Health Services Accessibility, 2014, Adult, Case Management, Case Managers, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/education/*methods, Cognitive Therapy – Methods, collaboration, Community Mental Health Services – United States, Cooperative Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Evidence-Based, Evidence-Based Practice/education/methods, Female, Human, Humans, Inservice Training, Interinstitutional Relations, Male, Montesano Vicki L, Munetz Mark R, NEOMED College of Medicine, Pelton Jeremy R, Pilot Studies, Professional Practice, Program Implementation – Methods, Psychiatric rehabilitation journal, Psychotic Disorders/*therapy, Questionnaires, Scales, Schizophrenia – Rehabilitation, Schizophrenia/*therapy, Sivec Harry J, Staff Development, Thematic Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Turkington Douglas, United Kingdom, United States
Admission to the Intensive Care Unit is Associated With Changes in the Oral Mycobiome.
Tags: *Intensive Care Units, 2017, 80 and over, Adult, Aged, Candida albicans, Candida albicans/*isolation & purification, Candidiasis, Chandra Jyotsna, Critical Care, Cross Infection/microbiology/prevention & control/*transmission, Department of Internal Medicine, Female, Ghannoum Mahmoud A, Guidry Chrissy, Haller Nairmeen A, Human, Humans, Journal of intensive care medicine, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Mukherjee Pranab K, mycobiome, Mycobiome/*immunology, Mycological Typing Techniques, Mycoses, NEOMED College of Medicine, Oral Health, Oral/microbiology/prevention & control/*transmission, Paranjape Charudutt, Prospective Studies, Retuerto Mauricio A, Risk Factors, United States/epidemiology, Watkins Richard R, Young Adult
Adult epiglottitis.
Tags: *Epiglottitis/diagnosis/therapy, *Laryngitis/diagnosis/therapy, 1989, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Department of Emergency Medicine, Female, Fontanarosa P B, Goldman G E, Haemophilus Infections/diagnosis/therapy, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, NEOMED College of Medicine, Polsky S S, The Journal of emergency medicine
Advanced osteoarthritis in humans is associated with altered collagen VI expression and upregulation of ER-stress markers Grp78 and bag-1.
Tags: 2009, Adult, Antigens/biosynthesis, Articular/metabolism, Baraga Anthony, Biomarkers/metabolism, Bone Neoplasms/metabolism, Cartilage, Chondrosarcoma/metabolism, Collagen Type VI/*biosynthesis, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, DNA-Binding Proteins/*biosynthesis, Doane Kathleen J, Down-Regulation, Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism, Gradisar Ian, Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis, Horton Walter E Jr, Humans, Knee/*metabolism/physiopathology, McBurney Denise L, Middle Aged, NEOMED College of Medicine, Nugent Ashleigh E, Osteoarthritis, Osteosarcoma/metabolism, Proteoglycans/biosynthesis, Speicher Danielle M, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, Transcription Factors/*biosynthesis, Up-Regulation
Adverse reactions to aspartame: double-blind challenge in patients from a vulnerable population.
Tags: 1993, Adult, Aspartame/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Biological psychiatry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder/diagnosis/*drug therapy/psychology, Double-Blind Method, Eye Diseases/etiology/physiopathology, Female, Green-Waite R J, Headache/etiology, Hudak R, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Vision Disorders/etiology/physiopathology, Walton R G
Age-related size reduction of foramina in the cribriform plate.
Tags: 1998, 80 and over, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aging/*physiology, Analysis of Variance, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Dluzen D E, Ethmoid Bone/*anatomy & histology, Female, Humans, Kalmey J K, Male, Middle Aged, NEOMED College of Medicine, Olfactory Nerve/anatomy & histology, Sex Distribution, Smell/physiology, The Anatomical record, Thewissen J G
Alcohol, drugs, and urban violence in a small city trauma center.
Tags: *Psychotropic Drugs, *Street Drugs, 1995, Abdu R, Adult, African Americans/statistics & numerical data, Alcoholism/complications/*epidemiology, Buss T F, Cross-Sectional Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Incidence, Journal of substance abuse treatment, Male, Multiple Trauma/*epidemiology/prevention & control, Multivariate Analysis, Ohio/epidemiology, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Substance-Related Disorders/complications/*epidemiology, Trauma Centers/statistics & numerical data, Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data, Violence/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data, Walker J R
Alterations in gene array patterns in dendritic cells from aged humans.
Tags: *Gene Expression Profiling, *Transcriptome, 2014, 80 and over, Adaptive Immunity/genetics, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Agrawal Anshu, Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology/metabolism, Cao Jia-ning, Cluster Analysis, Dendritic Cells/immunology/*metabolism, Female, G1 Phase, Gene Expression Regulation, Gupta Sudhir, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Immunity, Innate/genetics, Jia Zhenyu, Male, PloS one, Sharman Edward, Young Adult
An appraisal of the american psychological association's clinical practice guideline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Tags: 2019, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Comorbidity, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Evidence-Based Practice/methods/standards, Humans, journalArticle, June2020SubmittedList, Levant RF, NEOMED College of Medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Professional Autonomy, PSYCHOTHERAPY, Psychotherapy/methods/standards, Silver KE, Societies Scientific, Stress Disorders Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, United States
An approach to clinical acid-base problem solving.
Tags: 1998, Acid-Base Imbalance/*diagnosis/physiopathology/*therapy, Acidosis/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy, Adult, Algorithms, Alkalosis/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy, Comprehensive therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Female, Humans, Male, NEOMED College of Medicine, Problem Solving, Rutecki G W, Whittier F C
An educational tool for understanding the cardiopulmonary changes associated with aging.
An outcomes analysis and satisfaction survey of 199 consecutive abdominoplasties.
Tags: *Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects, *Lipectomy, *Patient Satisfaction, 2001, Abdominal Muscles/*surgery, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Annals of plastic surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Hensel J M, Humans, Hypertension, Lehman J A Jr, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Parker M G, Reoperation, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tantri M P, Topham N S, Wagner D S
Analysis of the Pressure Distribution Qualities of a Silicone Border Foam Dressing.
Tags: *Bandages, *Pressure, *Silicones, 2015, Aberegg Lauren C, Adult, Blasiole Kimberly N, Body Mass Index, Comparative Studies, Convenience Sample, Data Analysis Software, Descriptive Statistics, Female, Foam Dressings, Fulton Judith A, Heel, Heel – Pathology, Human, Humans, Interface Pressure, Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society, Male, Middle Age, Miller Stephannie K, Models, Ohio, P-Value, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Pressure Ulcer – Prevention and Control, Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control, Prospective Studies, Regression, Sharma Neal, Silicones, Statistical, Supine Position, Surveys, T-Tests
Analyzing the most frequent disease loci in targeted patient categories optimizes disease gene identification and test accuracy worldwide.
Tags: *Genetic Loci, *Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 2015, Adult, Child, Chromosomes, Disease/*genetics, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Genes, Genetic Testing/*methods, Genetics, Heterozygote, Human/genetics, Humans, Infant, Journal of translational medicine, Lebo Roger V, Newborn, Population, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Rare Diseases/genetics, Recessive, Tonk Vijay S
Anaphylaxis with use of eye-drops containing benzalkonium chloride preservative.
Tags: 2009, Adult, Allergic/complications/drug therapy, Anaphylaxis – Chemically Induced, Anaphylaxis/*chemically induced, Anderson Diana, Benzalkonium Compounds, Benzalkonium Compounds – Adverse Effects, Benzalkonium Compounds/*adverse effects/chemistry, Clinical & experimental optometry, Conjunctivitis, Conjunctivitis – Complications, Conjunctivitis – Drug Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Drug Hypersensitivity – Complications, Drug Hypersensitivity/complications, Faltay Bela, Female, Haller Nairmeen A, Humans, NEOMED College of Medicine, Ophthalmic Solutions, Ophthalmic Solutions – Adverse Effects, Ophthalmic Solutions/*adverse effects/chemistry, Pharmaceutical Additives, Pharmaceutical Additives – Adverse Effects, Pharmaceutical/*adverse effects/chemistry, Preservatives, Skin Tests
Anatomical Look Into OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection for Chronic Migraine Headache.
Tags: 2018, 80 and over, Adolescence, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anatomic Landmarks/anatomy & histology/*diagnostic imaging, Ansari Hossein, Blaha Taryn, Body Regions, Body Regions – Anatomy and Histology, Botulinum Toxins, Botulinum Toxins – Administration and Dosage, Chronic Disease, Female, Human, Humans, Male, Middle Age, Middle Aged, Migraine, Migraine – Drug Therapy, Migraine Disorders/*diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy, Narouze Samer, Neck Muscles, Neck Muscles – Anatomy and Histology, Neck Muscles – Drug Effects, Neck Muscles/anatomy & histology/*diagnostic imaging/drug effects, Pilot Projects, Pilot Studies, Random Allocation, Random Assignment, Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, Swanson Marco, Tomography, Totonchi Ali, Type A/*administration & dosage, Wu-Fienberg Yuewei, X-Ray Computed – Methods, X-Ray Computed/methods, Young Adult, Zardouz Shawn
Anorexia and bulimia.
Anti-tobacco socialization in homes of African-American and white parents, and smoking and nonsmoking parents.
Tags: *African Americans/psychology/statistics & numerical data, *Attitude to Health/ethnology, *European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology/statistics & numerical data, *Parenting/ethnology/psychology, 1999, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Clark P I, Family Health/ethnology, Female, Focus Groups, Gautam S P, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Ohio/epidemiology, Parents/psychology, Scarisbrick-Hauser A, Self Efficacy, Smoking/epidemiology/*psychology, Socialization, Statistics as Topic, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, Wirk S J
Antigenic stimulation and multiple myeloma. A prospective study.
Tags: 1993, Adult, Aged, Antigens/*immunology, Autoimmune Diseases/complications, Bacterial Infections/complications, Bourguet C C, Cancer, Department of Family & Community Medicine, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity/complications, Inflammation/complications, Logue EE, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma/*etiology/immunology, NEOMED College of Medicine, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires